Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Majori Fonseca Claro.pdf: 4862486 bytes, checksum: 7dee93fd53acd11b130f2885d4d7586e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main goal of this research is to accomplish a comparative analysis between the character Baba-lagá, who appears in fairytales of the Slav folklore, and Cuca, a folkloric character from Luso-Brazilian culture, also present in lullabies, literary fragments, religious festivals and in Monteiro Lobato s book, O Sací. Leaving the premises of the Russian formalist Vladimir Propp, we analyze morphologically the creation of the characters in his narrative, as well as tracing their ritualistic origins. Based on the psychological concepts of Carl Gustav Jung, and his followers, we are looking for a symbolic understanding of these two sorceresses. The hypothesis proposed of similarity is that they are rooted on the same archetypal and hystorical ground, in the way that both are representatives of maternal images in its terrible form, and that has its origins in rituals of the sacred and profane. For the differences found we discussed the hypothesis of an inexhaustible manifestation of the archetype as an image and of cultural diversity. Throughout the research we can confirm these hypotheses by analyzing Monteiro Lobato s book and by reflecting on the characteristic features of the literary genres in which these sorceresses fall, concluding that if fairytales and lullabies were to resonate with their narrators voices, through shared experiences from around the world, in the field of modern literary art this reflection would pass into the metalinguistic and the text would gain, from the form, the capacity to consciously contribute to the reformulation of the world it mirrors / O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar uma análise comparativa entre a personagem Baba- Iagá, presente nos contos de magia do folclore eslavo, e a Cuca, figura do folclore lusobrasileiro, presente também nas cantigas de ninar, fragmentos literários, procissões religiosas e no livro O Saci, de Monteiro Lobato. Partindo das premissas do formalista russo Vladimir Propp, analisamos morfologicamente a atuação das personagens nas narrativas, bem como empreendemos um rastreamento de suas origens ritualísticas. Baseados nos conceitos psicológicos de Carl Gustav Jung e seus seguidores, buscamos a compreensão simbólica dessas duas feiticeiras. A hipótese proposta para as similaridades é que elas se enraízam num mesmo solo arquetípico e histórico, na medida em que ambas são representantes de imagos maternas em sua face terrível , e que têm suas origens nos rituais sagrados e profanos. Para as diferenças encontradas, lançamos a hipótese da inesgotabilidade da manifestação do arquétipo como imagem e da diversidade cultural. No decorrer da pesquisa, pudemos comprovar essas hipóteses e, por meio da análise do livro de Monteiro Lobato, refletir sobre os traços característicos dos gêneros literários nos quais essas feiticeiras se inserem, concluindo que, se nos contos de magia e das cantigas de ninar ressoam vozes narradoras que compartilham experiências sobre o mundo, na arte literária moderna esta reflexão passa a ser também metalinguística e o texto literário ganha, desta forma, a capacidade de contribuir conscientemente para a reformulação do mundo que espelha

More than half of all people worldwide are infected with H. pylori. The infection always cause a gastric inflammation that may develop into peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer. Attachment proteins, adhesins, mediate specific adherence of H. pylori to receptor structures on the human gastric mucosa. The best-characterized H. pylori adhesin-receptor interactions are the BabA adhesin and the binding to the fucosylated blood group antigens ABO/Lewis b (Leb) and the SabA adhesin and its binding to the inflammation associated sialyl-Lewis x antigen. During H. pylori infection the availability of receptor structures on the human gastric mucosa changes as a consequence of the host inflammatory and immune responses. Consequently the bacterial population need to adjust its adherence properties to stay colonized. This thesis describes mechanisms that generate H. pylori populations with variable adherence properties and mechanisms for adjustment of adhesin expression levels.In H. pylori strains devoid of Leb-binding, we found bacterial cells with Leb-binding. Isolation of such H. pylori clones demonstrated that the change in receptor binding phenotype was obtained via the mechanisms of homologous recombination and slipped strand mispairing (SSM). Disease presentation in relation to BabA expression was studied in H. pylori infected Mongolian gerbils. We showed that BabA was not essential for colonization but caused severe injury to the gastric mucosa and was turned off during long-term infection by nucleotide changes within the babA gene. Gerbils infected with BabA-weak-expressing strains maintained BabA expressing clones for a longer period than gerbils that were infected with BabA-high-expressing strains. Studies of the gerbil gastric mucosal glycosylation showed that gerbils respond in a similar way as humans and Rhesus monkeys which support gerbils to be a model suitable for studying H. pylori infection and disease outcome in relation to adherence.We studied the SSM mechanism of SabA phase variation and the cognate shift in sLex-binding phenotype and we show sLex-binding activity to be growth phase dependent. H. pylori vesicles were characterized for the major phosholipid and protein components. Virulence factors e.g., VacA, and CagA were identified and both the BabA and the SabA adhesins was shown to be located on the vesicle surface and to mediate specific binding to their cognate receptors present on the human gastric mucosa. H. pylori generate bacterial cells with different receptor binding phenotypes via the mechanisms of homologous recombination, SSM and nucleotide changes. These mechanisms will probably contribute to bacterial fitness by the generation of quasi species populations where some of the clones will be better adapted to the environmental chances during persistent infection.

Helicobacter pylori infects and persistently colonizes the stomach, which results in gastritis and in some individuals peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer. Adherence of H. pylori to the epithelium is an important factor for development of disease. Attachment is mediated by the adhesins BabA and SabA that binds the ABO/Leb blood group antigens and sialylated glycoconjugates respectively.  High-affinity attachment could be anticipated to be of disadvantage for H. pylori because epithelial cells have a fast turnover rate and the dislocated and shed epithelial cells would carry attached bacteria to the acidic gastric juice in the lumen. However, here we describe that H. pylori manage to adapt to this innate clearance mechanism by unique acid regulatory binding properties of its adhesins. We propose that pH regulated binding properties enable bacteria to detachment from host cells for chemotactic guided motility and successful return to the more neutral epithelium for a fresh restart of the infectious cycle. By comparison of BabA from different stomach loci we identified amino acid key position for acid regulated binding activity. Previous studies found lower prevalence of Leb-binding among H. pylori isolates from southern Europe compared to Sweden. Here we tested if the reduced prevalence of Leb-binding could be explained by a novel binding mode; in among Spanish strains, we identified S812 that demonstrates preference for multivalent binding to ABO antigens in glycolipids; we found that 812 BabA had drifted in its preferred binding epitope away from the consensus a1,2fucosylation and towards the blood group A and B derivatives. Such epitope drift might in particular optimize binding to ABO antigens in densely packed lipid rafts. In parallel, we studied the influence of BabA for disease progression by an inventory of gastric biopsies. BabA correlated both with the oncoprotein CagA, the VacAs1 toxin and, in addition, to severe disease progression. We further correlate BabA expression with positive secretor phenotype and stronger adhesion of H. pylori in vitro. For functional adherence studies in vitro, we constructed a recombinant Leb-expressing cell lineage that supports BabA mediated H. pylori attachment.

Being among the most prevalent of persistent infectious agents in humans worldwide, Helicobacter pylori induces chronic inflammation (gastritis), which may progress to peptic ulceration and stomach cancer. The ability to adhere to the gastric mucosa is considered to be both a colonization and virulence property of H. pylori. For adherence, H. pylori expresses surface-located attachment proteins (adhesins) that bind to specific receptors in the gastric mucosa. The best characterized H. pylori adhesin-receptor interaction is that between the blood group antigen binding adhesin (BabA) and the fucosylated blood group antigens, which are glycans highly expressed in the gastric mucosa. Our recent results have changed the view of the blood group antigen-specific binding mode of H. pylori. We have tested clinical isolates of H. pylori from human populations worldwide for their ability to bind to ABO blood group antigens. The results revealed that more than 95% of isolates from Sweden, Germany, Spain, Japan and Alaska that bind fucosylated blood group antigens, bind both the Lewis b antigen (Leb) (of blood group O) and the blood group A-related antigen A-Lewis b, i.e. they exhibit a generalist type of binding mode. In contrast, the majority of strains (62%) from South American Amerindians bound best to Leb, i.e. they exhibit a specialist blood group “O antigen” binding mode. This specialization in binding coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in the South American Amerindian populations. Furthermore, we also showed that H. pylori could switch from specialist to generalist binding modes by chromosomal integration of foreign babA gene fragments. A mutant strain lacking the babA gene turned out to adhere to inflamed gastric epithelium, despite the fact that it did not bind Leb. We identified the receptor to which the mutant binds to as the sialyl-dimeric-Lewis x antigen (sdiLex) and found its expression to be associated with persistent H. pylori infection and chronic inflammation, both in humans and Rhesus monkeys. The cognate sialic acid binding adhesin (SabA) was identified by our ReTagging technique. Deletion of sabA caused loss of H. pylori binding to sialylated glycans, and screening of single colony isolates revealed a high frequency of spontaneous on⇒off phase variation in sLex binding. Using erythrocytes as a model for sialyl dependent cell adhesion, we could show that SabA is the sought-after H. pylori sialyl-dependent hemagglutinin. Swedish clinical H. pylori isolates were analyzed for sialyl-dependent hemagglutination (sia-HA), and the sia-HA titers were found to be highly correlated to the levels of sLex binding. Clinical isolates were shown to exhibit several distinct binding modes for sialylated glycans, which suggest that SabA exhibit polymorphism in binding. We also found that SabA binds to sialylated glycans on neutrophil surfaces by mechanisms involving “selectin mimicry”, and that SabA plays an important role in nonopsonic activation of neutrophils. In the human stomach, H. pylori is exposed to selective pressures such as immune and inflammatory responses, and this is reflected by changes in mucosal glycosylation patterns. The high mutation and recombination rates of H. pylori in combination with bio selection will continuously generate clones that are adapted to changes in individual gastric mucosa. Such adaptive selection contributes to the remarkable diversity in binding modes and to the extraordinary chronicity of H. pylori infections worldwide.

Jag har i den här uppsatsen analyserat Baba Jaga je snijela jajes (2008) hybridlika struktur genom att göra en postmodernistisk analys. Under uppsatsens gång har jag läst och tolkat vad olika teoretiker har skrivit om postmoderna begrepp; såsom hybriditetsbegreppet, det ontologiska tvivlet samt även med att definiera myten och fiktionen. Jag har genom citat och analys gjort en personlig tolkning och skildrat detta i analysen. I min uppsats har jag visat att romanen har en hybridliknande struktur genom häxan Baba Jaga som saknar egenskaper och genom myten som saknar kärna. Jag har även visat detta genom den lekfulla berättarstrukturen och genreblandningen. Detta tydliggörs framförallt genom karaktärena i romanen som alla saknar identiteskärnor samt genom att författaren hävdar att alla kvinnor kan vara potentiella Baba Jagor.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1995. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Judith M. Burton. Dissertation Committee: Ann H. Dils. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-248).

El objetivo principal de este estudio es diseñar un plan de negocios para comercializar el caracol helix aspersa y su baba. Este plan de negocios se diseñó para un grupo de productores de Talagante, Peñaflor y El Monte, que actualmente están iniciándose en la producción, los cuales esperan alcanzar una producción promedio mínima de 2 toneladas mensuales de caracoles vivos a partir del año 2007. Se contempló determinar una combinación de productos y/o subproductos del caracol que proporcionen una mayor rentabilidad al negocio. En primer término se hizo una revisión acerca de la carne y baba de caracol, en relación a mercados existentes nacional e internacional ; volúmenes de demanda y volúmenes de exportación; precios; usos y formas de los productos, con la finalidad de evaluar las rentabilidades que presenta cada producto al comercializarse en forma individual. En segundo lugar y de acuerdo a los resultados del punto anterior, se definió un modelo de negocios que combina ambos productos, carne y baba de caracol, para ser evaluado y presentar la rentabilidad del negocio. La venta de carne es estacional, es decir, de septiembre a marzo, aprovechando la contraestación en Europa, y la baba no presenta estacionalidad, sólo depende de la preparación de los caracoles. Para determinar la rentabilidad del modelo de negocios propuesto se definió el negocio y se diseñó el plan de operaciones, el plan de comercial, el modelo de recursos humanos; y se realizó la evaluación económica del modelo. Por último, se hizo el análisis de sensibilidad, para determinar bajo que condiciones podría variar la rentabilidad del negocio. Dentro de las variables que presentan relevancia en la variación de rentabilidad están la producción, el precio y el valor del dólar. Como conclusión del plan de negocios propuesto, se determinó que el proyecto, con una inversión de $ 52.199.009 es rentable con un TIR de 78%. Sin embargo, la rentabilidad es muy sensible a la cantidad vendida, ya que una baja en la producción de un 50% hace que el proyecto no sea rentable. También es muy sensible al precio de venta cuando baja un 30% y en menor medida al valor del dólar cuando baja un 10%, no impidiendo que el proyecto sea rentable. Una de las limitantes del proyecto, es la poca información disponible de la baba en el país, por ser un producto nuevo, sin normativa y que se transa al mercado nacional e internacional bajo otras familias de productos, principalmente cremas u otros productos cosmetológicos.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T20:59:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelDoNascimentoSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2418735 bytes, checksum: ca16004dc66af3d5c11335f42a833675 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-12T20:15:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelDoNascimentoSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2418735 bytes, checksum: ca16004dc66af3d5c11335f42a833675 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T20:15:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelDoNascimentoSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2418735 bytes, checksum: ca16004dc66af3d5c11335f42a833675 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Com o crescente desenvolvimento cient?fico e tecnol?gico, o homem passa a explorar os recursos naturais de forma mais agressiva, gerando diariamente grandes quantidades de res?duos que s?o descartados no meio ambiente sem nenhum tratamento pr?vio. As institui??es de ensino e pesquisa v?m ganhando destaque como poluidoras do ambiente, j? que ignoram sua condi??o de geradoras de efluentes e descartam seus res?duos qu?micos de forma inadequada. Dentre os principais contaminantes ambientais, os corantes ganham destaque, pois se tratam de subst?ncias altamente t?xicas para a fauna e flora aqu?tica, podendo causar s?rios danos ? sa?de humana. Muitas t?cnicas no tratamento de efluentes contendo corantes v?m sendo apresentados na literatura, dentre as quais se destaca a adsor??o que vem sendo utilizada de forma eficaz no tratamento desses efluentes. O baba?u, palmeira nativa da Am?rica latina ? amplamente encontrada em alguns estados do norte, nordeste e centro-oeste do Brasil, produz um fruto que possui uma vasta potencialidade, dentre as quais se destaca a produ??o de carv?o. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar o carv?o de coco de baba?u modificado com ?cido c?trico (CCBMod) para tratar o efluente real gerado a partir do uso do corante azul de metileno (AM). Para caracterizar o CCBMod utilizou-se as t?cnicas de Espectroscopia de absor??o molecular na regi?o do Infravermelho (IV), Difra??o de raios-X (DRX), Termogravimetria e An?lise T?rmica Diferencial (TG/DTA) e Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV). O IV mostrou a presen?a de grupos OH, CH2, CH3 e C=O tanto no material modificado quando no material sem modifica??o, grupos estes caracter?sticos da lignina, no entanto n?o se verificou nenhuma incorpora??o do ?cido c?trico no material, dados que foram comprovados pelas demais t?cnicas. Assim infere-se que o ?cido usado na modifica??o foi eficiente na ativa??o dos s?tios dispon?veis do carv?o, melhorando o processo de adsor??o no decorrer do tempo. Na varia??o da concentra??o inicial do adsorvente, observou-se que o percentual de remo??o da cor do AM aumenta com a diminui??o da concentra??o inicial, onde nas concentra??es de 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 e 2 mg L-1 apresentou valores m?dios de remo??o correspondendo respectivamente a 56,13; 62,43; 62,70; 70,00; 87,00; 93,83 e 100 %. Para a varia??o do pH da solu??o, observou-se que com o aumento do pH aumenta-se o percentual de remo??o da cor, assim para os potenciais hidrogeni?nicos 3,0; 6,0 e 10,0 obteve-se respectivamente, 39,73; 62,69 e 92,74 % de remo??o do AM. O modelo de cin?tica de adsor??o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais foi o de pseudo-segunda-ordem, apresentando um valor de r2 igual 0,9965 e valores de qe,exp de 1,5424 mg g-1 e qe,teor de 1,5625 mg g-1. O modelo isot?rmico que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais foi o de Langmuir indicando uma natureza de adsor??o em monocamada. O efluente real proposto apresentou uma decomposi??o do AM de 7,20 % no decorrer de 14 dias e a remo??o desse efluente real pelo CCBMod foi de 57,86%. Concluindo-se que o CCBMod ? um material adsorvente eficaz na remo??o do AM de solu??es aquosas. / With the growing scientific and technological development, the man begins to exploit natural resources more aggressively, generating daily huge amounts of waste that are discarded into the environment without any prior treatment. Higher educational and research institutions have been gaining emphasis as environmental polluters, since ignore their condition waste generators and discard their chemical waste improperly. Among the main environmental contaminants, the dyes gain prominence, because they are highly toxic substance to aquatic plants and animals, causing serious damage to human health. Many techniques for the treatment of wastewater containing dyes have been reported in the literature, among them the adsorption has been used of way effective in the treatment of these effluents containing dyes. The babassu, palm tree native of Latin America is widely found in some northern, northeast and center-west states of Brazil, produces a fruit that has a vast potential, among which stands out the production of coal. This work aims to use the babassu coconut carbon (BCC) modified with citric acid to treat real effluent generated from methylene blue (MB) dye. In order to characterize the BCC modified were used the techniques of molecular absorption spectroscopy in infrared region (IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/ DTA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The IR showed the presence of groups OH, CH2, CH3 and C=O in both the materials modified and without modification, these groups are characteristic of lignin. It is also noted that the acid treatment promoted a modified on carbon surface, decreasing the heterogeneity of the same. Data were confirmed by other techniques. Thus it is inferred that the acid used in the modification was effective in activation of the available carbon sites, improving adsorption process over time. Varying the initial concentration of the adsorbent, it was observed that the removal percentage of MB color increases with decreasing initial concentration, where the concentrations from 14 to2 mg L-1 showed maximum removal points corresponding respectively to 62,43; 62,70; 70,00; 87,00; 93,83 e 100 %. For the change in pH of the solution was observed that with an increase in pH increases the percentage of the MB removal color, so to pH 3.0; 6.0 and 10.0 was obtained respectively 93,60; 67.29 and 42.15% removal AM. The adsorption kinetics model that best fit the experimental data was the pseudo-second-order, with a r2 value of 0.9965 and qe,exp 1.5424 mg g-1 and qe,teor 1.5625 mg g-1. The isothermal model that best fit the experimental data was the Langmuir indicating adsorption in monolayer. Concluding the modified BCC was presented as an effective adsorbent material in the MB removal from aqueous solutions. The real effluent proposed presented a decomposition to AM of 7.20% over 14 days and the removal of this real effluent by CCBMod was 57.86%. Concluding CCBMod is an effective adsorbent material in the removal of AM from aqueous solutions.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Education at the Durban Institute of Technology, 2004. / The ultimate goal of this research is to demonstrate the positive effect that can be achieved in the educational management arena by following the teachings of Sathya Sai Baba. This work attempts to add the voice of Sathya Sai Baba in classroom and school management and to demonstrate how his teachings could be used to the benefit of school principals, fellow educators and learners. In this research, focus is placed on secondary schools in the central Stanger area as the researcher is a principal in this area / M

[pt] As inúmeras transformações que acompanham a contemporaneidade, podem requerer determinados ajuste no ambiente familiar, principalmente quando há crianças pequenas. Diante deste contexto, a babá hoje se estabelece como sendo uma figura que compartilha os cuidados com a família, não somente no que diz respeito à sobrevivência, mas como participante do processo de desenvolvimento infantil. Embora seu trabalho seja de fundamental importância, pouco se pesquisa e se reflete acerca de seu contexto de vida, da sua escolha profissional e de como realiza as práticas de cuidado com a criança. A tese, portanto, visa identificar, à luz da perspectiva sociocultural, as práticas e crenças de cuidado infantil, bem como a percepção das babás acerca das práticas maternas, em dois contextos culturais distintos, Brasil e Portugal. A pesquisa contou com 34 participantes, sendo 16 respondentes brasileiras e 18 portuguesas. Para a realização deste trabalho, utilizouse uma pesquisa semiestruturada, composta por 9 questões, sendo que a última pergunta, apresentou as figuras que representam os cinco sistemas de cuidado parental. Os resultados foram analisados de forma qualitativa, através do software IraMuteQ e da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. No Brasil as práticas de cuidados se associaram a conteúdos afetivos, enquanto em Portugal, o foco estava voltado para o desenvolvimento cognitivo. Quanto às crenças de cuidado infantil, tanto as babás brasileiras quanto as portuguesas remeteram a alguns aprendizados que lhes foram transmitidos na infância e, que hoje, procuram passar às crianças que estão sob sua responsabilidade. No que diz respeito à percepção de práticas maternas, as babás brasileiras entendiam que estas buscavam estabelecer interações afetivas, atividades de lazer e cuidados relativos às necessidades básicas. As babás portuguesas acreditaram que as práticas maternas tratavam de cuidados voltados para a alimentação, a exploração do ambiente e a necessidade de criar vínculo entre mãe/filho. A pesquisa contribuiu para compreender o papel da babá em relação às práticas de cuidado infantil, bem como a influência do contexto sociocultural, no exercício dessas práticas e sua relação com a criança. / [en] The countless transformations that accompany contemporary times may require certain adjustments in the family environment, especially when there are young children. Given this context, the nanny can establish herself as a character who shares care with the family, not only with regard to survival, but as a participant in the child development process. Although her work is of fundamental importance, little is researched and reflected on her life context, her professional choice and how she carries out child care practices. The thesis, therefore, aims to identify, in light of a sociocultural perspective, child care practices and beliefs, as well as nannies perception of maternal practices, in two distinct cultural contexts, Brazil and Portugal. The research had 34 participants, 16 Brazilian respondents and 18 Portuguese respondents. To carry out this work, a semi-structured survey was used, consisting of 9 questions, with the last question presenting figures representing the five parental care systems. The results were analyzed qualitatively, using the IraMuteQ software and Bardin s content analysis. In Brazil, care practices were associated with affective content, while in Portugal, the focus was on cognitive development. Regarding child care beliefs, both Brazilian and Portuguese nannies referred to some lessons that were passed on to them in childhood and which, today, they try to pass on to the children under their responsibility. With regard to the perception of maternal practices, Brazilian nannies understood that they sought to establish affective interactions, leisure activities and care related to basic needs. Portuguese nannies believed that maternal practices dealt with care focused on nutrition, exploration of the environment and the need to create a bond between mother/child. The research contributed to understanding the role of the nanny in relation to child care practices, as well as the influence of the sociocultural context, in the exercise of these practices and their relationship with the child.