Cauldron Calling is a compilation of poems ranging in poetic forms from the sonnet to free verse to lyric prose that incorporates a number of processes including: hypnopompic texting, hypnagogic automatic writing, and direct observation. The purpose of this myriad of poetic forms is to peer through the psychic shells we create and examine the workings of the mind so as to give form to the nebulousness found within while most closely recreating physical experiences of pain. In the collection, domestic spaces, particularly kitchens, serve as filters and lenses through which to process anxiety and pain. Conversely, domestic spaces are viewed as areas of both liberation and confinement and the voices of the various speakers throughout the manuscript struggle with this duality/plurality and whether there is a choice to participate in the intergenerational recycling and handing down of these beliefs and behaviors or not. Through sound sense, enjambment, deep image, and the elevation of the mundane, these poems are meant to give insight into the feminine experience as it relates to ritualistic acts of release as opposed to product-driven enterprises for mass consumption.

Motivation Processed complementary food labels should protect and promote optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, important determinants of child survival, growth and development, and provide information regarding safe and appropriate use. However, there is a lack of formal guidelines from international normative bodies on the appropriate marketing of complementary foods. In recognition of the need for interim guidance, the Maternal, Infant and Young Child Working Group developed the Draft Guide for Marketing Complementary Foods, which provides practical guidance on how the marketing (including labelling) of processed complementary foods and supplements can be informed by the principles of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions in a way that supports optimal infant and young child feeding. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the extent to which the labelling practices (as a sub-set of marketing practices) of processed complementary food sold in South Africa comply with international guidance on the marketing of complementary foods that is fully aligned with the principles of the Code and subsequent relevant WHA resolutions (the Draft Guide for Marketing Complementary Foods). Methods Employing a cross-sectional study design, products were purchased from a sample of 17 retail grocery stores, three wholesale grocery stores, three retail pharmacies and three baby chain stores in the Gauteng, Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces from June to August 2011. Purchased products were then compared with a master list of complementary food products compiled through desk research, and missing products were identified and purchased. Label information was captured, then blinded and the order of products randomised. The Draft Guide for Marketing Complementary Foods was used to create a checklist with pre-set answers and accompanying criteria against which the captured labelling practices were then analysed. Results One hundred and sixty product labels of 35 manufacturers were analysed, none of which complied with all checklist criteria. Fifty-six (35%) labels did not provide an appropriate age of introduction, while 32 (20%) labels used phrases implying that the product was suitable for use before six months of age. Thirty-seven (23%) labels used images of infants appearing to be younger than six months. Only 20 (13%) labels carried a message regarding the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, and none provided a message on the importance of the addition of complementary foods from six months together with continued breastfeeding to two years or beyond. Eight (5%) labels recommended feeding the product in a bottle and two labels (1%) used an image of a feeding bottle. Nineteen (12%) labels suggested a daily ration too large for a breastfed child, and 32 (20%) potentially promote the manufacturer’s infant formula. All labels provided label information in an appropriate language, but 102 (64%) labels relegated required label information to small text and were thus not easy to read. Only six (4%) labels failed to provide instructions for safe and appropriate use, while 44 (28%) did not include safety messages in their preparation and use instructions. Ten (6%) labels did not provide storage instructions, and 27 (17%) labels did not provide necessary warnings. Nutrient content claims, nutrient comparative claims, nutrient function/other function claims and reduction of disease risk claims were found on 126 (79%), eight (5%), 117 (73%) and 10 (6%) labels, respectively. Conclusion The labelling practices of processed complementary food labels in South Africa do not fully comply with international guidance on the marketing of complementary foods (the Draft Guide for Marketing Complementary Foods) and so do not sufficiently protect and promote optimal infant and young child feeding practices, revealing much room for improvement. Such guidance must be refined and formalised by international normative bodies and adopted into national legislation to assist manufacturers in ensuring that their complementary food labels meet an accepted standard and contribute towards the safe and appropriate use of processed complementary foods. / Thesis (MSc (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Motivation Processed complementary food labels should protect and promote optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, important determinants of child survival, growth and development, and provide information regarding safe and appropriate use. However, there is a lack of formal guidelines from international normative bodies on the appropriate marketing of complementary foods. In recognition of the need for interim guidance, the Maternal, Infant and Young Child Working Group developed the Draft Guide for Marketing Complementary Foods, which provides practical guidance on how the marketing (including labelling) of processed complementary foods and supplements can be informed by the principles of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions in a way that supports optimal infant and young child feeding. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the extent to which the labelling practices (as a sub-set of marketing practices) of processed complementary food sold in South Africa comply with international guidance on the marketing of complementary foods that is fully aligned with the principles of the Code and subsequent relevant WHA resolutions (the Draft Guide for Marketing Complementary Foods). Methods Employing a cross-sectional study design, products were purchased from a sample of 17 retail grocery stores, three wholesale grocery stores, three retail pharmacies and three baby chain stores in the Gauteng, Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces from June to August 2011. Purchased products were then compared with a master list of complementary food products compiled through desk research, and missing products were identified and purchased. Label information was captured, then blinded and the order of products randomised. The Draft Guide for Marketing Complementary Foods was used to create a checklist with pre-set answers and accompanying criteria against which the captured labelling practices were then analysed. Results One hundred and sixty product labels of 35 manufacturers were analysed, none of which complied with all checklist criteria. Fifty-six (35%) labels did not provide an appropriate age of introduction, while 32 (20%) labels used phrases implying that the product was suitable for use before six months of age. Thirty-seven (23%) labels used images of infants appearing to be younger than six months. Only 20 (13%) labels carried a message regarding the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, and none provided a message on the importance of the addition of complementary foods from six months together with continued breastfeeding to two years or beyond. Eight (5%) labels recommended feeding the product in a bottle and two labels (1%) used an image of a feeding bottle. Nineteen (12%) labels suggested a daily ration too large for a breastfed child, and 32 (20%) potentially promote the manufacturer’s infant formula. All labels provided label information in an appropriate language, but 102 (64%) labels relegated required label information to small text and were thus not easy to read. Only six (4%) labels failed to provide instructions for safe and appropriate use, while 44 (28%) did not include safety messages in their preparation and use instructions. Ten (6%) labels did not provide storage instructions, and 27 (17%) labels did not provide necessary warnings. Nutrient content claims, nutrient comparative claims, nutrient function/other function claims and reduction of disease risk claims were found on 126 (79%), eight (5%), 117 (73%) and 10 (6%) labels, respectively. Conclusion The labelling practices of processed complementary food labels in South Africa do not fully comply with international guidance on the marketing of complementary foods (the Draft Guide for Marketing Complementary Foods) and so do not sufficiently protect and promote optimal infant and young child feeding practices, revealing much room for improvement. Such guidance must be refined and formalised by international normative bodies and adopted into national legislation to assist manufacturers in ensuring that their complementary food labels meet an accepted standard and contribute towards the safe and appropriate use of processed complementary foods. / Thesis (MSc (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoJPF.pdf: 1681554 bytes, checksum: 4238148885bafd3e26a8d8ca7de20466 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-07 / Nowadays the environmental issues are increasingly highlighted since the future of humanity is dependent on the actions taken by man. Major efforts are being expended in pursuit of knowledge and alternatives to promote sustainable development without compromising the environment. In recent years there has been a marked growth in the development of reinforced composite fiber plants, as an alternative for economic and ecological effects, especially in the substitution of synthetic materials such as reinforcement material in composites. In this current study the chemical- physical or (thermophysics )characteristics of the babassu coconut fiber, derived from the epicarp of the fruit (Orbignyda Phalerata), which the main constituents of the fiber: Klason lignin, insoluble, cellulose, holocellulose, hemicellulose and the content of ash and moisture will be determined. A study was conducted about the superficial modification of the fibers of the epicarp babassu coconut under the influence of chemical treatment by alkalinization, in an aqueous solution of NaOH to 2.5% (m/v) and to 5.0% to improve the compatibility matrix / reinforcement composite with epoxy matrix. The results of the changes occurred in staple fibers through the use of the techniques of thermogravimetric analyses (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results found on thermal analysis on samples of fiber without chemical treatment (alkalinities), and on fiber samples treated by alkalinization show that the proposed chemical treatment increases the thermal stability of the fibers and provides a growth of the surface of area fibers, parameters that enhance adhesion fiber / composite. The findings were evaluated and compared with published results from other vegetable fibers, showing that the use of babassu coconut fibers has technical and economic potential for its use as reinforcement in composites / Atualmente as quest?es ambientais ganham destaque cada vez mais acentuado, j? que o futuro da humanidade est? dependente das a??es tomadas hoje pelo homem. Grandes esfor?os est?o sendo despendidos na busca de conhecimentos e solu??es alternativas sustent?veis que promova o desenvolvimento sem comprometimento do meio ambiente. Nos ?ltimos anos tem havido um crescimento acentuado no desenvolvimento de comp?sitos refor?ados por fibras vegetais, como uma alternativa econ?mica e ecol?gica, principalmente, na substitui??o de materiais sint?ticos, como material de refor?o em comp?sitos. No presente trabalho foram analisadas as caracter?sticas qu?mico-f?sicas de fibra oriundas do epicarpo do coco baba?u (Orbignyda Phalerata), sendo determinados os principais teores dos constituintes da fibra: lignina Klason insol?vel, celulose, holocelulose, hemicelulose e os teores de cinzas e de umidade. Foi realizado um estudo da modifica??o superficial das fibras do epicarpo do coco baba?u sob efeito de tratamento qu?mico por alcaliniza??o, em solu??o aquosa de NaOH a 2,5% (m/v) e a 5,0% (m/v), visando melhorar a compatibiliza??o matriz/refor?o em comp?sito com a matriz de ep?xi. Os resultados das modifica??es ocorridas nas fibras foram estudados atrav?s de t?cnicas de termogravimetria (TG) e de calorimetria explorat?ria diferencial (DSC). Os resultados encontrados nas an?lises t?rmicas em amostras de fibras sem tratamento qu?mico e em amostras de fibras tratadas por alcaliniza??o mostram que o tratamento qu?mico proposto aumentou a estabilidade t?rmica das fibras e proporcionou um crescimento na ?rea superficial das fibras, par?metros que melhoram a ades?o fibra/comp?sito. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados e comparados com resultados publicados de outras fibras vegetais, mostrando que a utiliza??o das fibras de coco baba?u tem potencialidades t?cnicas e econ?micas para o seu uso como refor?o de comp?sitos

The thesis presents a detailed analysis of the late medieval murals in the so-called 'green chamber' of Žirovnice Castle and similar late-medieval mural paintings. Compared to the earlier literature the study focuses on the interrelations between the scenes depicted in the 'green chamber': the Judgement of Paris, Judith beheading Holofernes, the exemplum An Old Woman Is Worse than the Devil as well as an image which was previously described as the Judgement of Solomon (perhaps rather a parable about legitimate and illegitimate progeny). They are compared with other depictions of these themes and their treatment in contemporary literature. These comparisons link them with the popular concept of a critique of the power of women (Weibermacht). In Žirovnice, and similarly elsewhere, this concept was connected to the allegory of the transcience of love and the ephemeral nature of the world overall. The ostensible genre depictions of the hunt and tournament can be interpreted in this sense as well. This is demonstrated by numerous details subverting the meaning of these images. The study then compares Žirovnice to other similar murals in Bohemia and addresses the questions of their function as well as of the art-historical phenomenon of 'green chambers' as various secular murals are called following the...

In hierdie studie word die etiologiese verband tussen verstadigde neurologiese integrasie en latere leerproblematiek by kinders met klinies betekenisvolle neonatale bilirubienmetings ondersoek. Resente navorsing dui aan dat kinders met klinies betekenisvolle bilirubienmetings tydens die neonatale fase ‘n groter risiko loop om later verstadigde neurologiese integrasie te vertoon, veral weens die kwesbaarheid van die neonatale brein vir toksiene. Hierdie navorsingsresultate suggereer ‘n verband tussen klinies betekenisvolle neonatale bilirubienmetings en latere leerproblematiek, aangesien spesifieke breinareas wat deur neonatale bilirubien aangetas word ook vaardighede medieer wat belangrik is vir prestasie in sekere leerareas, te wete lees, skryf en reken. Neonatale fisiologiese geelsug is nie altyd met die blote oog sigbaar nie, en derhalwe word simptome soos oormatige slaperigheid en ingekorte behoefte aan voeding dikwels deur onervare moeders geïgnoreer, omdat die baba nie opmerklik “geel” is nie. Verder word neonatale fisiologiese geelsug nie altyd as sodanig gediagnoseer nie, weens verskeie faktore soos ontoereikende primêre gesondheidsorgdienste op die afgeleë platteland, tuisgeboortes en vroeë ontslag van moeders en babas uit klinieke en hospitale, veral gesien in die lig daarvan dat neonatale geelsug piekvlak tussen dag drie en dag sewe bereik. Bilirubienmeting is nie standaard prosedure by afgeleë klinieke nie, en waar ‘n rowwe skatting deur die klinieksuster op ‘n klinies betekenisvolle bilirubientelling dui, word moeders dan dikwels aangeraai om natuurlike fototerapie (sonlig) toe te pas. Verdermeer vind opvolgkonsultasies by ‘n klinieksuster dikwels eers plaas nadat die baba ongeveer een maand oud is, en voorligting aan die moeder rakende moontlike kwesbaarhede wat verband hou met klinies betekenisvolle neonatale bilirubienmetings is gebrekkig. Sodanige ouers kan dus heeltemal onbewus wees van die potensiële skade wat aangerig kan word aan die ontwikkelende brein, en intervensie vind gevolglik nie tydig plaas nie. Betekenisvolle duidinge wat uit hierdie navorsingsprojek mag voortvloei, kan derhalwe benut word ten einde spesifieke kwesbaarhede in kinders met klinies betekenisvolle neonatale bilirubienmetings tydig te kan identifiseer; en hoë-risiko leerders se moontlike latere leerproblematiek deur tydige intervensie tydens die voorskoolse jare te ondervang, voordat pobleme in die grondslagfase manifesteer. ‘n Empiriese ondersoek is uitgevoer waarby 37 deelnemers betrek is. Gebaseer op die resultate van die data-analise en interpretasie van die resultate word die hipotese aanvaar. Relevante aanbevelings met betrekking to praktykverbetering en verdere navorsing word gemaak. ENGLISH: With this study the etiological link between delayed neurological integration, high neonatal bilirubin measures and learning difficulties were investigated. Recent research findings suggest that children with high neonatal bilirubin measures are at a greater risk for delayed neurological integration later on, especially because of the susceptibility of the neonatal brain for toxins. The results of this research project suggest an etiological link between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and learning difficulties at a later stage, since specific brain-areas which are affected by the bilirubin do mediate skills important for performance in certain learning areas, e.g. reading, writing and arithmetic. It is not always possible to notice neonatal physiological jaundice; hence, inexperienced mothers tend to ignore symptoms like sleepiness and lack of appetite, merely because their babies do not appear “yellowish”. Neonatal physiological jaundice is often misdiagnosed due to various factors like inadequate primary health care services in rural areas, home births and early discharge from hospitals - particularly in light of the fact that jaundice peaks between day three and day seven after birth. Measurement of neonatal bilirubin levels is not a standard procedure at rural clinics, and mothers are often advised to make use of natural phototherapy (sunlight) when the baby appears “yellowish”. Follow-up consultation often occurs when the baby is already one month old; hence mothers often receive inadequate information concerning neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Parents might therefore be totally unaware of the potential vulnerability and harm to the developing brain, and intervention often does not take place. Significant indicators of this research project can be used to identify well in advance specific vulnerabilities in learners with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, as well as potentially high-risk learners during the pre-school years, before such vulnerabilities escalate during the foundation phase. An empirical study with 37 participants was conducted. Based on the data analyses and interpretation of the results, the hypothesis was accepted. Relevant recommendations concerning best practice and further research were done. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

No description available.

This thesis is an investigation into the historical evolution of Ajegunle Raga, a reggae form developed within an urban ghetto in Lagos called Ajegunle and the construction and negotiation of identities therein. The research further argues that Ajegunle Raga is a home-grown oppositional music subculture that draws inspiration from diasporic musical subcultures like Reggae and Hip Hop but retains a genuine representation of Ajegunle in its tales of survival, poverty, marginalization and expressions of creativity within the ambience of the music.

Las podredumbres verde y azul causadas por los hongos patógenos Penicillium digitatum (Pers.: Fr.) Sacc y Penicillium italicum Wehmer, respectivamente, son las responsables de grandes pérdidas económicas en poscosecha de cítricos a nivel mundial. En España, las pudriciones de la fruta en poscosecha fluctúan del 3 al 6% durante una estación típica. Sin embargo, bajo condiciones favorables a la enfermedad, las pérdidas pueden alcanzar el 50%. Las podredumbres verde y azul son las enfermedades de poscosecha más importante de los cítricos en España, California y todas las áreas de producción caracterizadas por lluvias escasas en verano (Ecker y Eaks, 1989). Se han logrado avances importantes en estudios de resistencia adquirida sistémica (SAR) y resistencia sistémica inducida (ISR) tanto natural como artificial (Terry y Joyce, 2004; Tavallali et al., 2008). También se está avanzando en la evaluación de sustancias conocidas como GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe), o en el uso del calor y la luz ultravioleta (Palou et al., 2008; Montesinos et al., 2009). Todos estos enfoques constituyen estrategias de control alternativo no contaminante. Sin embargo, actualmente seguimos dependiendo del uso de fungicidas químicos sintéticos convencionales para controlar las enfermedades de poscosecha de fruta fresca en general y de cítricos en particular. Asimismo, existe un incremento de la demanda de los mercados internacionales de frutas y hortalizas frescas de buena calidad e inocuas. Además, el uso de fungicidas convencionales conlleva el problema del desarrollo de resistencia en cepas de P. digitatum y P. italicum. Por otro lado, los resultados en efectividad de la mayoría de los métodos de control no contaminantes no han sido equivalentes a los obtenidos con métodos de control químico convencional. Por todo ello sigue siendo un reto la búsqueda e implementación comercial de estrategias no contaminantes efectivas para el control de las podredumbres verde y azul de los cítricos. Un importante mediador de la respuesta en la patogénesis de estos hongos es el gas etileno, ya que su biosíntesis se incrementa durante la interacción planta-patógeno o después de la aplicación de químicos inductores de resistencia. Además, la producción del etileno puede ser una señal para activar mecanismos de defensa contra patógenos como hongos, bacterias o virus (Ecker y Davis, 1987). Se han realizado estudios orientados a buscar relaciones entre el etileno y la patogenicidad de hongos causantes de enfermedades en poscosecha (Brown, 1973). Sin embargo, discrepancias en los resultados han sido observadas. El etileno es aplicado durante la desverdización de los frutos cítricos, que es una práctica comercial común realizada en muchas partes del mundo (Smilanick et al., 2006), incluyendo España, y se estima que más de 1,2 millones de toneladas de fruta de mandarina de estación temprana se desverdiza anualmente (Martínez-Jávega et al., 2007). Por lo tanto, es de importancia primordial determinar el efecto de esta práctica en la susceptibilidad y desarrollo de las podredumbres verde y azul de los frutos cítricos. Los objetivos serán los siguientes: 1) Evaluar sustancias químicas con antecedentes de potencial de inducción de resistencia para controlar las podredumbres verde y azul de poscosecha en frutos cítricos, 2) Evaluar sustancias conocidas como GRAS (General Regarded as Safe), solas o combinadas con fungicidas para controlar las podredumbres verde y azul en frutos cítricos y, 3) Determinar el efecto del desverdizado comercial con etileno sobre la incidencia y desarrollo de las podredumbres verde y azul en mandarinas y naranjas de estación temprana; así como el efecto del desverdizado comercial sobre los atributos de calidad del fruto. / Moscoso Ramírez, PA. (2013). Aproximaciones a una estrategia integrada para el control no contaminante de las podredumbres verde y azul en poscosecha de cítricos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34626 / TESIS