This work deals with the design and realization of a modular security central unit's hardware positioned in familial houses. As an operating component of the central unit is used Module Rabbit 3365 with an integrated Ethernet interface. Based on user's requirements and general requirements for electronic security system, circuit diagrams of the central unit's motherboard and power supply with a function of backup power supply are designed. The work also includes layout of a keyboard and LCD display. Printed circuit boards are designed, produced and assembled. The device is set to work. The last part concerns programming of the module Rabbit 3365 in Dynamic C. Gradually, set of operating functions for individual components of the security central unit are implemented.

This thesis deals with the optimization of power consumption in an intelligent digital home, where the appliances are powered either from a distribution network and also from the photovoltaic source owner. The optimization of consumption we will see both economically and in terms of load distribution network. Renewable power supply operates in a green bonus. Optimization is done using the backup system and the unit Home Manager by SMA. Backup system in collaboration with the batteries will store power from photovoltaic sources, if you're not consumed by appliances in the home. Since it may be a smart home, which is performed by means of inteligent wiring components and accessories (Inels system from the company ELKO EP), is possible thanks to intelligent multimedia extensions and appliances also optimizme consumption.

The diploma thesis deals with the problem of storage capacities of server discs in the allowance organization of Brno City Museum. The organization has long-lasting troubles with insufficient capacity of these discs. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the current state and to propose a suitable solution on the basis of the results of this analysis. Further, the suggested measures should be applied as well.

Bitcoin har framträtt som den mest igenkännbara kryptovalutan sedan igångsättningen 2009 och har vid skrivande tillfälle ett börsvärde på 1,6 biljoner svenska kronor. Detta ihop med den ekonomiska friheten som Bitcoin erbjuder gör att användarantalet ständigt ökar. Likt all ny teknik så tar det tid innan teknologin är fullt utvecklad och anpassad för den bredda massan. I följd av detta kan säkerheten lida vilket kan resultera till ekonomiska förluster. Denna forskningsinsats undersöker vad för åtgärder och strategier som kan användas för att öka säkerheten via en litteraturstudie. Insatsen undersöker även med hjälp av en enkätundersökning ställd till ett Bitcoin-forum om hur användare av Bitcoin hanterar sina privata nycklar. Arbetet visar att det finns åtgärder som bidrar till ökad säkerhet såsom kryptering och multisignatur men att det hänger mycket på vad användarna själva väljer för typ av bäst strategi för deras användningsområde. Enkätundersökning redovisar att majoriteten av användarna gör säkerhetsmedvetna beslut för hur de använder Bitcoin men att en andel nyttjar mindre önskade tillvägagångssätt. / Bitcoin has emerged as the most recognizable cryptocurrency since its inception in 2009 and, at the time of writing has a market capitalization of 165 billion dollars. This together with the financial freedom that Bitcoin offers means that the number of users is constantly increasing. Like all new technology, it takes time for the technology to be fully developed and adapted to the wider mass. As a result, security can suffer which can result in financial losses. This research effort explores what measures and strategies can be used to increase safety through a literature study. The effort also investigates with the help of a survey conducted at a Bitcoin forum on how users of Bitcoin manage their private keys. The work shows that there are measures that contribute to increased security such as encryption and multi-signature but that much depends on what the users themselves choose for the type of best strategy for their area of use. The survey shows that the majority of users make security-conscious decisions about how to use Bitcoin but that aproportion uses less desirable approaches.

The vision of the smart grid is predicated upon pervasive use of modern digital communication techniques in today's power system. As wide area measurements and control techniques are being developed and deployed for a more resilient power system, the role of communication networks is becoming prominent. Advanced communication infrastructure provides much wider system observability and enables globally optimal control schemes. Wide area measurement and monitoring with Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) or Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) is a growing trend in this context. However, the large amount of data collected by PMUs or IEDs needs to be transferred over the data network to control centers where real-time state estimation, protection, and control decisions are made. The volume and frequency of such data transfers, and real-time delivery requirements mandate that sufficient bandwidth and proper delay characteristics must be ensured for the correct operations. Power system dynamics get influenced by the underlying communication infrastructure. Therefore, extensive integration of power system and communication infrastructure mandates that the two systems be studied as a single distributed cyber-physical system. This dissertation proposes a global event-driven co-simulation framework, which is termed as GECO, for interconnected power system and communication network. GECO can be used as a design pattern for hybrid system simulation with continuous/discrete sub-components. An implementation of GECO is achieved by integrating two software packages: PSLF and NS2 into the framework. Besides, this dissertation proposes and studies a set of power system applications which can be only properly evaluated on a co-simulation framework like GECO, namely communication-based distance relay protection, all-PMU state estimation and PMU-based out-of-step protection. All of them take advantage of interplays between the power grid and the communication infrastructure. The GECO experiments described in this dissertation not only show the efficacy of the GECO framework, but also provide experience on how to go about using GECO in smart grid planning activities. / Ph. D.

Le législateur a fait le pari que la lutte contre le risque de défaillance des entreprises pouvait être mieux menée que dans un rapport de confiance avec le débiteur puisqu’en tant que dirigeant de l’entreprise, il est, de facto, la personne la mieux placée. Mais il n’a pas placé cette confiance à tout débiteur. Il l’a fait seulement au débiteur diligent. C’est pourquoi à travers la loi n°2005-845 du 26 juillet 2005 il a créé une autre philosophie qui consiste à le traiter différemment de celui qui est en cessation de paiement. Et au fil des réformes de la loi de sauvegarde, il a davantage creusé cette différence. En effet, qu’il s’agisse des ordonnances (n°2008-1345 du 18 décembre 2008, n°2014-326 du 12 mars 2014 et n°2014-1088 du 26 septembre 2014) et des lois (n°2010-1249 du 22 octobre 2010, n°2015-990 du 6 août 2015 et n°2016-1547 du 18 novembre 2016), il est possible de constater de nombreuses prérogatives reconnues au débiteur diligent. L’objectif étant de le motiver à saisir le juge dès ses premières difficultés, c’est-à-dire en amont de la cessation des paiements. On le retrouve donc aussi bien lorsqu’il s’agit de la protection de l’entreprise que dans le traitement des difficultés, c'est-à-dire pendant la période d’observation et l’adoption du plan. / The legislator was betting that the fight against the risk of business failure could be better conducted than in a relationship of trust with the debtor since, as the company's manager, he is, de facto, the best person. to place. But he did not place this trust in any debtor. He did it only to the diligent debtor. That is why through the law of the n ° 2005-845 of July 26th, 2005 it created another philosophy which consists in treating it differently than that which is less it. And over time reforms of the law of safeguard, he further widened this difference. Indeed, these are the ordinances (n° 2008-1345 of December 18, 2008, n° 2014-326 of March 12, 2014 and n° 2014-1088 of September 26, 2014) and the laws (n° 2010-1249 of 22 October 2010, n° 2015-990 of 6 August 2015 and n° 2016-1547 of 18 November 2016), it is possible to note many prerogatives recognized to the diligent debtor. The aim is to motivate him to seize the judge from his first difficulties, that is to say before the cessation of payments. It is therefore found both in the protection of the company and in the treatment of difficulties, that is to say during the observation period and the adoption of the plan.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a proteção de retaguarda de um Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP) de grande área, através de um Sistema de Medição Fasorial Sincronizado (SMFS). A metodologia é baseada no contínuo monitoramento e na proteção de um SEP de grande área voltada para linhas de transmissão. Pelo algoritmo de proteção de retaguarda implementado, fundamentado na filosofia de proteção diferencial que se baseia na detecção da inversão do fluxo de potência, detecta-se a linha de transmissão faltosa mediante os dados de tensão e corrente remotamente adquiridos pelo SMFS. As simulações sobre o SEP compreenderam todas as possibilidades de curtos-circuitos monofásicos, bifásicos e trifásicos, sem e com o envolvimento da terra, variando-se o ângulo de incidência e resistência da falta dentro de uma faixa de valores encontrada em situações reais. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa mostram a eficiência da metodologia proposta, alcançando as prescrições primárias de um sistema de proteção (velocidade, confiabilidade, seletividade e sensibilidade). Neste contexto, concluiu-se que é factível a aplicação da metodologia proposta na proteção de retaguarda de um SEP caracterizado por uma grande área de cobertura, vindo a atender aos propósitos de um sistema de proteção digital, desde que esteja disponível uma confiável e veloz infraestrutura de comunicação para o tráfego dos dados necessários. / The present work aims to develop a methodology for large area Electric Power System (EPS) backup protection, through a Synchronized Phasor Measurement System (SPMS). The methodology is based on continuous monitoring and on the large area EPS protection focused on transmission lines. Through backup protection algorithm implemented, grounded on the differential protection philosophy, which is based on power flow inversion detection, detects the faulty transmission line through the remotely acquired voltage and current data by SPMS. The simulations in SEP discussed all the possibilities of single phase, two phase and three phase short-circuits, with and without the involvement of the ground, varying the fault incidence angle and resistance within a range of values commonly presented in real situation. The results found in this research show the efficiency of the proposed methodology, achieving the protection system primary requirements (speed, reliability, selectivity and sensitivity). In this context, it is concluded that it is feasible the proposed methodology application on the EPS backup protection characterized by a large coverage area, fulfilling the purposes of a digital protection system, since be available a reliable and fast communication infrastructure for the needed data traffic.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a proteção de retaguarda de um Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP) de grande área, através de um Sistema de Medição Fasorial Sincronizado (SMFS). A metodologia é baseada no contínuo monitoramento e na proteção de um SEP de grande área voltada para linhas de transmissão. Pelo algoritmo de proteção de retaguarda implementado, fundamentado na filosofia de proteção diferencial que se baseia na detecção da inversão do fluxo de potência, detecta-se a linha de transmissão faltosa mediante os dados de tensão e corrente remotamente adquiridos pelo SMFS. As simulações sobre o SEP compreenderam todas as possibilidades de curtos-circuitos monofásicos, bifásicos e trifásicos, sem e com o envolvimento da terra, variando-se o ângulo de incidência e resistência da falta dentro de uma faixa de valores encontrada em situações reais. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa mostram a eficiência da metodologia proposta, alcançando as prescrições primárias de um sistema de proteção (velocidade, confiabilidade, seletividade e sensibilidade). Neste contexto, concluiu-se que é factível a aplicação da metodologia proposta na proteção de retaguarda de um SEP caracterizado por uma grande área de cobertura, vindo a atender aos propósitos de um sistema de proteção digital, desde que esteja disponível uma confiável e veloz infraestrutura de comunicação para o tráfego dos dados necessários. / The present work aims to develop a methodology for large area Electric Power System (EPS) backup protection, through a Synchronized Phasor Measurement System (SPMS). The methodology is based on continuous monitoring and on the large area EPS protection focused on transmission lines. Through backup protection algorithm implemented, grounded on the differential protection philosophy, which is based on power flow inversion detection, detects the faulty transmission line through the remotely acquired voltage and current data by SPMS. The simulations in SEP discussed all the possibilities of single phase, two phase and three phase short-circuits, with and without the involvement of the ground, varying the fault incidence angle and resistance within a range of values commonly presented in real situation. The results found in this research show the efficiency of the proposed methodology, achieving the protection system primary requirements (speed, reliability, selectivity and sensitivity). In this context, it is concluded that it is feasible the proposed methodology application on the EPS backup protection characterized by a large coverage area, fulfilling the purposes of a digital protection system, since be available a reliable and fast communication infrastructure for the needed data traffic.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a proteção de retaguarda de linhas de transmissão de grandes áreas, utilizando dados de um Sistema de Medição Fasorial Sincronizada. O estudo se justifica devido à contínua expansão dos Sistemas de Transmissão, tais como os que fazem parte do Sistema Interligado Nacional. Vale esclarecer que esta expansão pode vir a dificultar a operação e controle do mesmo, o que faz com que seja necessário, um sistema de proteção cada vez mais confiável, que diminua o impacto de eventos danosos de grande porte, e que atenda aos requisitos de um sistema de proteção de grandes áreas. Neste contexto, o modelo do sistema elétrico de potência em análise foi implementado computacionalmente a partir do RSCAD, ambiente computacional e interface gráfica do RTDS® (Real Time Digital Simulator). Como principal passo, o algoritmo desenvolvido verifica a variação da potência ativa em todos os barramentos monitorados do sistema de transmissão e, de acordo com tal variação, associada ao estado dos dois extremos da linha, detecta e aponta a localização de uma situação de falta. Pelos resultados obtidos, a metodologia se mostrou eficiente na detecção e localização da falta em linhas de transmissão para sistemas de grandes áreas. Toda a metodologia desenvolvida, considerações adotadas e os promissores resultados observados serão reportados neste documento. / This work aims to present the development of a methodology for wide area transmission line backup protection, using Synchronized Phasor Measurement Systems. This study is justified due to continuous expansion of Transmission Systems, such as those which are part of the National Interconnected System. It is worth clarifying that this expansion might difficult system operation and control, which makes necessary to have an increasingly reliable protection system, that minimizes the impact of large dangerous events, and, at the same time, supplies the requirements of a wide area protection system. Within this context, the electrical system model under analysis was implemented through RSCAD, which is a RTDS® (Real Time Digital Simulator) computing environment and graphical interface. As main step, the developed algorithm verifies the active power variation in all monitored buses of the transmission system and then, according to such variation, associated with the communication of the variation state of both line sides, detects and indicates the localization of a faulting condition. According to the results obtained, the methodology has shown its efficiency in transmission line faults detection and localization for wide areas of electrical power systems. The entire developed methodology, considerations adopted and promising outcomes will be reported along this document.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a proteção de retaguarda de linhas de transmissão de grandes áreas, utilizando dados de um Sistema de Medição Fasorial Sincronizada. O estudo se justifica devido à contínua expansão dos Sistemas de Transmissão, tais como os que fazem parte do Sistema Interligado Nacional. Vale esclarecer que esta expansão pode vir a dificultar a operação e controle do mesmo, o que faz com que seja necessário, um sistema de proteção cada vez mais confiável, que diminua o impacto de eventos danosos de grande porte, e que atenda aos requisitos de um sistema de proteção de grandes áreas. Neste contexto, o modelo do sistema elétrico de potência em análise foi implementado computacionalmente a partir do RSCAD, ambiente computacional e interface gráfica do RTDS® (Real Time Digital Simulator). Como principal passo, o algoritmo desenvolvido verifica a variação da potência ativa em todos os barramentos monitorados do sistema de transmissão e, de acordo com tal variação, associada ao estado dos dois extremos da linha, detecta e aponta a localização de uma situação de falta. Pelos resultados obtidos, a metodologia se mostrou eficiente na detecção e localização da falta em linhas de transmissão para sistemas de grandes áreas. Toda a metodologia desenvolvida, considerações adotadas e os promissores resultados observados serão reportados neste documento. / This work aims to present the development of a methodology for wide area transmission line backup protection, using Synchronized Phasor Measurement Systems. This study is justified due to continuous expansion of Transmission Systems, such as those which are part of the National Interconnected System. It is worth clarifying that this expansion might difficult system operation and control, which makes necessary to have an increasingly reliable protection system, that minimizes the impact of large dangerous events, and, at the same time, supplies the requirements of a wide area protection system. Within this context, the electrical system model under analysis was implemented through RSCAD, which is a RTDS® (Real Time Digital Simulator) computing environment and graphical interface. As main step, the developed algorithm verifies the active power variation in all monitored buses of the transmission system and then, according to such variation, associated with the communication of the variation state of both line sides, detects and indicates the localization of a faulting condition. According to the results obtained, the methodology has shown its efficiency in transmission line faults detection and localization for wide areas of electrical power systems. The entire developed methodology, considerations adopted and promising outcomes will be reported along this document.