Kungälv Energi äger och ansvarar idag över Kungälv Kommuns elnät. Med en ökande befolkningsmängd ställs allt högre krav på elnätet och framför allt leveranssäkerheten. Med kalla vintrar och stort energibehov ger detta upphov till en svårare situation gällande leveranssäkerhet. I nuläget har Kungälv Energi två mottagarstationer, en 130/10kV-station espektive 130/20kV-station. 30/10kV-stationen börjar närma sig en gräns där effektbehovet närmar sig den maximala istributionskapaciteten. Därför fastställs en plan för att kunna klara av effektbehovet vid averi på en av två 130/10kV-transformatorer i mottagarstationen M1. Resultatet av rapporten visar att tillräcklig kapacitet finns i närliggande fördelningsstationer för att klara av reservdrift under hög belastning utan att några övriga komponenter skadas. Rapporten behandlar främst effektflöden för att kontrollera att dessa ej överskrider transformatorernas, ledningarnas och kablarnas märkeffekt. I flertalet fall har även faktorer för nödbelastning räknats med vilket resulterar i att samtliga linjer hos Kungälv Energi klarar av den ökade belastningen. Upptäckta flaskhalsar i nätet har uppmärksammats och delgetts samt förslag till förändringar för att förhindra framtida problem. / Kungälv Energi owns and is responsible of Kungälv municipality's electricity grid. With an increasing population and increasing demands on the grid and especially security of supply. With cold winters and large energy gives rise to a more difficult situation regarding security of supply. Currently, Kungälv Energi two receiving stations, a 130 / 10kV station and 130 / 20kV station. 130 / 10kV station is approaching a point where power demand is approaching the maximum distribution capacity. Therefore sets out a plan to cope with the power demand at the failure of one of two 130 / 10kV transformers of the receiving station M1. The results of the report shows that sufficient capacity is available in nearby distribution stations to cope with the emergency operation under high loads without any other components damaged. The report deals primarily with power flows to check that they do not exceed transformers, lines and cables rated power. In the majority of cases have also factors for distress load been counted with, which gives the result that all lines of Kungälv Energi can handle the increased load. Detected bottlenecks in the network have been highlighted, communicated and proposed changes to Kungälv Energi to prevent future problems.

The main task of the Integrated Rescue System is to ensure the safety of people and reduce the impact of extraordinary incidents on people, property and the environment of the Czech Republic. In the event that the incident exceeds its range of capabilities and the effectiveness of the main elements of the Integrated Rescue System, which is the Fire Brigade, Police of the Czech Republic and the Emergency Medical Service and is in accordance with current legislation and the central alarm plan, the Czech Army can also be involved. It is possible to say that in the instance where an extraordinary incident may arise, if necessary, the Army of the Czech Republic and its earmarked forces can provide the necessary support to the main elements of the Integrated Rescue System. Therefore it follows that by including the Army of the Czech Republic amongst all other elements, it ensures that the Army of Czech Republic participates in the operations of the Integrated Rescue System but only at the time when it is of a greater extent and only in the event, where the extent or period of duration of the extraordinary incident lead to a declaration of a third or emergency level of alarm. For example, in the strengthening of the Integrated Rescue System in rescue work during natural disasters of a greater magnitude. It participates in these cases, especially in saving human life, in the evacuation of people from affected areas and also on the initial liquidation of consequences in cases where it is necessary. The research group in statistical inquiries of this work is therefore made up of members from the active reserves of the Army of the Czech Republic. I gathered basic data from report spreadsheets to a senior level regarding fulfilment and staffing levels of table positions in the structure of active reserves, according to their individual locations. Another source was the electronic database of the Information System for planning the mobilization of the Army of the Czech Republic, within the framework of the functionality of its subtasks; it is possible from RESOURCES (filter setting data) to obtain data on the distribution of members of the active reserves according to individual military and individual functions. From the perspective of correlation regression, this division is important, given that within the statistical part of the work the research files are also divided according to functions, which, if realized by the members of the active reserves were for the Integrated Rescue System beneficial and applicable. The hypothesis of the statistical research of this study is: "The number of Czech citizens in the mandatory reserve Army of the Czech Republic available for deployment within ACR in a state of emergency is inadequate ". This hypothesis under investigation emerged from my professional curiosity and also from the many discussions and polemics discussed with my professional colleagues and friends from the general public and with members from the ranks of active reservists. The purpose of the above-defined hypothesis was to verify whether there is a sufficient number of citizens in the mandatory reserve Army of the Czech Republic, who would be available for deployment in the Army of the Czech Republic during the announcement of the state of a non-military crisis. Due to current legislation and in particular the postulate on which it is based, namely that active service in the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic in peacetime is purely voluntary, from whereby citizens of the so-called mandatory reserve are deployable and from which only those citizens who voluntarily undertook conscription, therefore, become members of Active backups. Research hypothesis, indicates that the number of selected - active reservists is insufficient, given that the overall capacity over the long term is moving on average around 50% of the total planned numbers and was provided by the simple knowledge of the issue.

Aujourd’hui la sauvegarde des données est une solution indispensable pour éviter de les perdre. Plusieurs méthodes et stratégies de sauvegarde existent et utilisent différents types de support. Les méthodes de sauvegarde les plus efficaces exigent souvent des frais d’abonnement au service liés aux coûts du matériel et de l’administration investis par les fournisseurs. Le grand succès des réseaux P2P et des applications de partage de fichiers a rendu ces réseaux exploitables par un grand nombre d’applications surtout avec la possibilité de partager les ressources des utilisateurs entre eux. Les limites des solutions de sauvegarde classiques qui ne permettent pas le passage à l’échelle ont rendu les réseaux P2P intéressants pour les applications de sauvegarde. L’instabilité dans les réseaux P2P due au taux élevé de mouvement des pairs, rend la communication entre les pairs très difficile. Dans le contexte de la sauvegarde, la communication entre les nœuds est indispensable, ce qui exige une grande organisation dans le réseau. D’autre part, la persistance des données sauvegardées dans le réseau reste un grand défi car la sauvegarde n’a aucun intérêt si les données sauvegardées sont perdues et que la restauration devient impossible. L’objectif de notre thèse est d’améliorer l’organisation des sauvegardes dans les réseaux P2P et de garantir la persistance des données sauvegardées. Nous avons donc élaboré une approche de planification qui permet aux nœuds de s’organiser dans le but de mieux communiquer entre eux. D’autre part, pour garantir la persistance des données sauvegardées, nous avons proposé une approche de calcul probabiliste qui permet de déterminer, selon les variations dans le système, le nombre de répliques nécessaire pour qu’au moins une copie persiste dans le système après un certain temps défini. Nos approches ont été implémentées dans une application de sauvegarde P2P. / Nowadays, data backup is an essential solution to avoid losing data. Several backup methods and strategies exist. They use different media types. Most efficient backup methods are not free due to the cost of hardware and administration invested by suppliers. The great success of P2P networks and file sharing applications has encouraged the use of these networks in multiple applications especially with the possibility of sharing resources between network users. The limitations of traditional backup solutions in large scale networks have made P2P networks an interesting solution for backup applications. Instability in P2P networks due to peers’ high movement rate makes communication between these peers very difficult. To achieve data backup, communications between peers is essential and requires a network organization. On the other hand, the persistence of backed up data in the network remains a major challenge. Data backup is useless if backed up copies are lost. The objective of this thesis is to improve the backup organization and ensure backed up data persistence in P2P networks. We have therefore developed a planning approach that allows nodes to organize themselves in order to better communicate with each other. On the other hand, to ensure data persistency, we proposed a probabilistic approach to compute the minimum replicas number needed for a given data so that at least one copy remains in the system after a given time. Our two approaches have been implemented in a P2P backup application.

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Inhalt: Das CLIC-Projekt; X2X - ein Werkzeug zur Darstellung von XML-Dokumenten; Software-Bereitstellung; Der Backupdienst des URZ; Betreuung von Ausbildungspools durch das URZ; Aktueller Netzausbauzustand; Komfortablere E-Mail-Bearbeitung mit IMAP; MagicPoint - Präsentationen unter Linux; 10 Jahre ¨UNIX-Stammtisch in Sachsen¨

Biomass burning in southern Africa has brought significant challenges to the research society as a fundamental driver of climate and land cover changes. Burned area mapping approaches have been developed that generate large-scale low and moderate resolution products made with different satellite data. This consequently afford the remote sensing community a unique opportunity to support their potential applications in e.g., examining the impact of fire on natural resources, estimating the quantities of burned biomass and gas emissions. Generally, the satellite-derived burned area products produced with dissimilar algorithms provide mapped burned areas at different levels of accuracy, as the environmental and remote sensing factors vary both spatially and temporally. This study focused on the inter-comparison and accuracy evaluation of the 500-meter Moderate Resolution Imaging Spetroradiomter (MODIS) burned area product (MCD45A1) and the Backup MODIS burned area product (hereafter BMBAP) across the main-fire prone South African biomes using reference data independently-derived from multi-temporal 30-meter Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery distributed over six validation sites. The accuracy of the products was quantified using confusion matrices, linear regression and subpixel burned area measures. The results revealed that the highest burned area mapping accuracies were reported in the fynbos and grassland biomes by the MCD45A1 product, following the BMBAP product across the pine forest and savanna biomes, respectively. Further, the MCD45A1 product presented higher subpixel detection probabilities for the burned area fractions <= 50% than the BMBAP product, which appeared more reliable in detecting burned area fractions > 50% of a MODIS pixel. Finally the results demonstrated that the probability of identifying a burned area within a MODIS pixel is directly related to the proportion of the MODIS pixel burned and thus, highlights the relevance of fractional burned area during classification accuracy assessment of lower resolution remotely-sensed products using data with higher spatial resolution. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / unrestricted

This thesis deals with operation of the Jasenie hydroelectric power plant, which supplies electricity to Železiarne Podbrezová Inc. This thesis describes actual operation, devices and equipment in all substations. The second chapter briefly describes company’s history and activities of the company. The next chapter mentions an overview of the sources of own electricity production. The fourth chapter in detail deals with actual situation of the hydroelectric power plant operation, describes devices and equipment in all substations. It also outlines what measures should be taken to increase the reliability of electricity supply. Next part deals with replacing insulators on the 22 kV line. Sixth chapter is focused on protection this line by multifunctional protection relay and data transfer from HC Jasenie to the building of power engineering. In the next step is designed a backup transformer with bus control for thermal and dynamic effects of the short-circuit current. The last chapter is focused on surge protection in HC Jasenie as well as in the area of Stary závod substation. The results and benefits of this work are summarized in the conclusion. The attachment contains schemes of substations and overall overview scheme, which are used for better understanding of this problem.

The aim of this thesis is a description of a proposal to ensure safety of DC in power infrastructure and its impact on economics of an enterprise. The first part is focused on the analysis of the whole situation. The work also contains other possibilities of solution with respect to theoretical resources. The attention is also drawn to a particular procedure to minimize the financial loss of the company caused by a power failure and to a plan for providing maximum protection against this power failure.

The master‘s thesis deals with the implementation of server virtualization in the Entity production, s.r.o., which is a small company by it’s size, but needs modern IT technologies for the normal operations. The thesis shows how to reuse the server virtualization technologies from large corporations, that have been unavailable to small business companies in past. It also design show to optimize the current IT environment.

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