The banking industry has been characterised by changes and a turbulent operating environment. Increased competition, the entry of non traditional players in the market, and a more aware and demanding client base has made it imperative for banks to understand their customers. The need to attract and retain good customers is critical to the top and bottom line, as is the need to effectively sell and cross-sell to the customer. The recognition that it is more costly to gain new customers makes it imperative that maximum value is extracted from the existing customer base. The important trends that defined business in the nineties, such as globalisation, deregulation, and extraordinary technological advancement, made customer facing initiatives both a way for corporations to show that they cared for their customers, as well as a strategic and operating imperative. Customer relationship management (CRM) was viewed as a critical strategic process in order for banks to protect their customer base and to improve stakeholder value. CRM is as much about improving profitability by effectively tapping into the client base, as it is about managing information in a way that ensures that the customer enjoys a consistent experience with the organisation regardless of which channel he/she transacts through. The process is designed to make customers feel that their bank understands and appreciates them. The CRM process must be supported by a well thought out strategy and must contain clear goals. Technology is an essential component underpinning CRM and the supporting processes and procedures. Whilst this is an inescapable fact, CRM is not about plugging in some expensive technology that will solve the organisations problems. On the contrary, it is an initiative that requires commitment and a mindset in order for it to succeed, and an over-arching strategic customer relationship management ethos. This paper will critically examine the CRM strategy as a means of effectively servicing bank customers and leveraging the database to prevent the loss of customers to competitors and increase the value of stakeholders through effective delivery of products and services, and ensuring a consistently good customer experience at all points of contact. Whilst the focus will be on the generic principles of the CRM process as it relates to one major bank, the essentials are true for any other bank or financial institution for that matter. Issues such as the different channels that clients could use to interact with their bank, and how the bank can optimise these interactions will be aired. In addition the rationale for distinguishing between the various categories or segments of customers and how this influences CRM will be discussed. For years organisations and banks in particular have plodded on; treating each customer either the same or indifferently. Interactions were haphazard and often unplanned. The banks relationship with its customer lurched from interaction to inter-action, often without any continuity. Different areas of the bank viewed the customer differently; there was no coherent all encompassing view of the customer. This often led to frustrations for the customer and equally as often, loss of business. The need for a seamless and profitable series of interaction with the customer becomes more and more obvious as the industry becomes more competitive. The process leading up to the implementation of CRM is just as critical as the implementation of the technology itself. For Standard Bank this process started in 1999 after the failed take over bid by Nedcor. The organisation set out to reinvent itself and embarked on a strategy of growth and enhancing stakeholder (shareholders, customers and its people) value. The growth came from entry into new markets such as Africa and Europe, as well as concentrated growth in the domestic market. The company focussed on its existing customer base and sought to increase its penetration by improved cross-sell. The strategy involved an assessment of the internal and external operating environment, and its resources and capabilities. New technology was acquired and new skills were developed to ensure success of the strategy. In this paper, we shall analyse this process and the appropriateness of the strategic customer relationship management as a model for growth. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2004.

The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of firm–bank exchange. Using a qualitative research method and existing theory, by capturing transaction-based and relationship-based elements, I examine ten firms and eight different bank services important for the exchange between the firms and their banks. The study indicates that the exchange is more complex than previous theories have proclaimed, since the nature of the exchange differs when central elements of different bank services are compared. There are bank services, such as bank account and loans, which have a high degree of both transaction-based and relationship-based elements. Saving and investment are also indicated as consisting of both transaction-based and relationship-based elements. Other services, such as depositing of cash, digital depositing and payments clearly have a higher proportion of transaction-based elements than of relationship-based elements, but depositing of cash differs somewhat from digital depositing regarding some of the elements investigated. The study suggests that advising has a high level of relationship-based elements, while the transaction-based elements are much less evident. For the service exchange of money, both transaction-based and relationship-based elements are present at a level below medium. This demonstrates that firm–bank exchange has a multidimensional nature. / Syftet med denna explorativa studie är att undersöka beskaffenheten på utbytet av olika banktjänster mellan små och medelstora företag och banker. Med hjälp av befintlig teori och kvalitativ metod identifieras transaktionsbaserade och relationsbaserade element. Tio företag och åtta banktjänster studerades och resultaten indikerar att utbytet är mer komplext än tidigare studier antyder. Utbytet skiljer sig nämligen åt när de olika banktjänsternas transaktionsbaserade och relationsbaserade element jämförs. Banktjänster som bankkonto och lån karaktäriseras av en hög nivå av både transaktionsbaserade och relationsbaserade element. Även för sparande och investeringar förekommer såväl transaktionsbaserade som relationsbaserade element, men på en något lägre nivå. Tjänster som insättning av kontanter, elektroniska insättningar och betalningar har en klart högre nivå av transaktionsbaserade element än relationsbaserade element, men insättning av kontanter skiljer sig något från digitala insättningar för de element som undersökts. Tjänsten rådgivning karaktäriseras av en hög nivå av relationsbaserade element, medan de transaktionsbaserade elementen är mindre framträdande. Växling indikerar en nivå under medium för både transaktionsbaserade samt relationsbaserade element. Sammantaget påvisar detta att utbytet mellan små och medelstora företag och deras banker har en multidimensionell karaktär.

The thesis analyses contractual relations between bank clients and banks with detailed focusing on discretions and duties with regard to type of banking products, and also identifies potential risks rising from contractual relations. Based on conclusions formed in theoretical and praktical part of the thesis it forms general recommendations and summary view on comsumer protection in area of banking services.

The Diploma thesis deals with two different banking systems. The first and second chapter have theoretical character and talk about marketing in services and changes in today's global banking world.The third chapter gains both from theoretical and practical knowledge and describes banking system in Czech republic and USA. The most important chapters are the 4th, 5th and 6th. They include bank services analyse, fee politics, type of distribution, and communication with clients. The result is mostly in comparison of the value and convenience for the client.

In the theoretical part will be devoted to banking in the Czech republic and current account as the product and services related. The practical part will focus on selection of several bank institutions and description their range of accounts. Tree segments of client will be selected and determined standardized hypothetical client in selected segments. Aim of the thesis is comparison of fees and charges of the bank institutions and determination of the best option.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T12:07:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Norma Lúcia da Silva - 2016.pdf: 2114089 bytes, checksum: ba22651083bc81f19f06732d6c9f16aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T12:09:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Norma Lúcia da Silva - 2016.pdf: 2114089 bytes, checksum: ba22651083bc81f19f06732d6c9f16aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T12:09:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Norma Lúcia da Silva - 2016.pdf: 2114089 bytes, checksum: ba22651083bc81f19f06732d6c9f16aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos- Finep / The content covered in this dissertation, entitled "Digital marketing as a competitive strategy: Digital Portal using the Bank of Brazil SA" it is a descriptive and exploratory study. So describes the evolution of information technology in the banking sector and investigates the Digital Portal, available on the platform of this financial institution, contributes to a better relationship between customers three portfolios "Corporate" and that institution, as well as the advantages conferred on the use of it. / O conteúdo abordado nesta dissertação de mestrado, intitulada “Marketing digital como estratégia competitiva: o uso do Portal Digital do Banco do Brasil S.A.” trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório. Assim, descreve a evolução da tecnologia da informação no setor bancário e investiga se o Portal Digital, disponível na plataforma desta instituição financeira, contribui para um melhor relacionamento entre os clientes de três carteiras “Pessoa Jurídica” e a referida instituição, bem como, as vantagens atribuídas quanto ao uso do mesmo.

Banker har i stor utsträckning övergått från traditionella interpersonella leveranser till digitala alternativ, genom användandet av självbetjäningsteknik (SST) (Johns & Perrot, 2008). Detta har medfört minskning av antalet bankkontor, framförallt i Norden (Dallerup et al. 2018; Svenska Bankföreningen, 2020). Samtidigt visar forskning att företagskunder önskar en nära och personlig relation vid anskaffandet av komplexa tjänster (Chalmers & Stubs 2019). Studien adresserade därför detta genom att öka kunskapen om företagskunders uppfattning av tjänstekvalitet vid nyttjandet av banktjänster och interaktioner med deras bank genom följande forskningsfrågor: FF1: Hur kan företagskunders förväntningar på banktjänster beskrivas? FF2: Hur kan företagskunders upplevelser av banktjänster beskrivas? Metoden som nyttjades för detta var en deduktiv kvalitativ ansats med kvantitativa inslag, där semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes baserade på SERVQUAL (Parasuraman et al., 1985) och SSTQUAL (Radomir och Nistor, 2012) kvalitetsdimensioner, följt av en tematisk analys. Studiens resultat pekade på följande faktorer som viktiga för hög tjänstekvalitet i banksektorn: God, tillitsfull och personlig relation Tillgänglighet och snabba beslut/handläggning Lokal närvaro/kontor Vidare sågs digital självbetjäningsteknik (SST) som ett fundamentalt behov hos företagskunderna och påverkade upplevd tjänstekvalitet vid banktjänster i liten utsträckning. Konklusionen är därför att det idag är svårt att fullt ut ersätta ansikte-mot-ansikte interaktioner med digitala SST-tjänster för företagskunder. Vid de tillfällen lokala bankkontor stängts ned uppfattade samtliga av studiens respondenter det som negativt och har som en följd antingen bytt bank eller funderar på att göra det. Banker rekommenderas att anpassa sin verksamhetsstyrning i linje med de viktigaste faktorerna för upplevd tjänstekvalitet hos företagskunder.  Framtida studier rekommenderas att undersöka; (1) Om väsentlig ökad utbredning av videomöten under 2020-2021 över tid kan ersätta behovet för lokal förankring och fysiska möten, (2) Huruvida bankers leveransmodell mot företagskunder behöver anpassas och bli mer proaktiv, för att överbrygga de få interaktioner som finns i dagens digitala värld. Detta för att bygga upp de nödvändiga relationerna och tilliten som värdesätts så högt. / Banks has largely shifted from interpersonal service deliveries to digital alternatives through the  use of self-service-technologies (SST) (Johns and Perrot, 2008). This has led to a reduction of bank branches, especially in the Nordic countries (Dallerup et al. 2018; Svenska Bankföreningen, 2020). Simultaneously research shows that banks B2B-customers wants a close and personal relationship as well as interpersonal meetings, especially in the procurement of complex services (Chalmers & Stubs 2019). The study addressed this by increasing the knowledge of B2B-customers perceptions of service quality when using bank services and interactions with their bank through the following research questions:  RQ1: How can B2B-customers expectations of banking services be described? RQ2: How can B2B-customers perceptions of banking services be described?  The method used was a deductive qualitative approach with quantitative elements. Semi-structured interviews based on the quality dimensions of SERVQUAL (Parasuraman et al., 1985) and SSTQUAL (Radomir and Nistor, 2012) were conducted, followed by a thematic analysis. The study’s results deemed the following factors as important for high service quality in the banking sector:  Good, trusting, and personal relationship Availability and quick decisions/processing Local presence/branches  Furthermore, digital self-service-technologies (SST) was seen as a fundamental need among the B2B-customers and affected their perceptions of service quality in banking services to a small extent. The conclusion is that its difficult to fully replace face-to-face interactions with digital SST services for B2B-customers. At the times when local bank branches were closed, the study’s respondents perceived it as negative, and as a result they have either changed their bank or were considering doing so. It is recommended for banks to adapt their managerial strategy in line with the most important factors for perceived service quality among B2B-customers. Future studies are recommended to investigate the following: (1) If the significant increase of digital meetings during 2020-2021 over time can replace the need for local presence and physical meetings, (2) If banks delivery model towards B2B-customers needs to become more proactive to increase the number of interactions between the bank and its B2B-customers. To enhance the necessary relationships and trust that they highly value.

Submitted by Camila Favoretto (camila_favoretto@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-27T12:55:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto defesa_versao final_Camila Favoretto.pdf: 2205553 bytes, checksum: f0eb5f68e7c969c71aeb1e0a97148ff1 (MD5) / Rejected by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br), reason: Boa tarde Camila! Além da dissertação, você deve submeter também a carta comprovante devidamente preenchida e assinada pelo orientador. O modelo da carta encontra-se na página inicial do repositório. Att., Milena P. Rubi Bibliotecária CRB80-6635 on 2017-11-08T14:43:41Z (GMT) / Submitted by Camila Favoretto (camila_favoretto@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-08T15:55:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Texto defesa_versao final_Camila Favoretto.pdf: 2205553 bytes, checksum: f0eb5f68e7c969c71aeb1e0a97148ff1 (MD5) modelo-carta-comprovanteLOGOdosPPGs.pdf: 499135 bytes, checksum: 915988512c9ee206f974e3c96e6afa73 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-11-08T17:08:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Texto defesa_versao final_Camila Favoretto.pdf: 2205553 bytes, checksum: f0eb5f68e7c969c71aeb1e0a97148ff1 (MD5) modelo-carta-comprovanteLOGOdosPPGs.pdf: 499135 bytes, checksum: 915988512c9ee206f974e3c96e6afa73 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-11-08T17:08:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Texto defesa_versao final_Camila Favoretto.pdf: 2205553 bytes, checksum: f0eb5f68e7c969c71aeb1e0a97148ff1 (MD5) modelo-carta-comprovanteLOGOdosPPGs.pdf: 499135 bytes, checksum: 915988512c9ee206f974e3c96e6afa73 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T17:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Texto defesa_versao final_Camila Favoretto.pdf: 2205553 bytes, checksum: f0eb5f68e7c969c71aeb1e0a97148ff1 (MD5) modelo-carta-comprovanteLOGOdosPPGs.pdf: 499135 bytes, checksum: 915988512c9ee206f974e3c96e6afa73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The service sector has gained prominence both in the Brazilian and in the world’s economies, impelling organizations to seek excellence in their service. Faced with this need, in the banking sector, institutions have emphasized a mutually beneficial relationship with their clients, in order to make the management of services a competitive differential. Service quality and customer satisfaction have been identified as key factors for competitiveness and customer retention. In this context, there is a challenge in understanding the relationships among the antecedent factors of customer satisfaction. In fact, previous research agrees neither on the direction nor on the degree of relationship of these factors, besides being studied in different countries and service sectors. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the multiple relationships among the constructs – service quality, perceived value, corporate image and customer satisfaction. For that, a literature review was carried out on the concepts pertinent to this research; the constructs were conceptualized individually, providing the theoretical basis for their operationalization. Then, the relations among them were evidenced by the statement of hypothetical links, thus specifying the theoretical model. After articulating the knowledge in a theoretical manner, in the city of Sorocaba-SP, a survey was conducted, using a questionnaire randomly applied to 136 clients of the banking services, which use at least one of the five largest Brazilian banks. Data analysis was performed through the structural equation modeling technique, in order to test the consistency of the hypotheses and to identify the direction of the relations. The results showed that service quality directly influences the perceived value and the corporate image and that the image directly impacts customer satisfaction, making it a potential mediating variable for the quality-satisfaction relationship. The direct relationship between quality and satisfaction as well as perceived value and satisfaction were not observed, considering the sample of this research and the levels of significance. Therefore, this study might be both theoretically and practically relevant. Such knowledge directs banking institutions to prioritize the allocation of resources and efforts on the corporate image. Through this factor, the expected implications related to customer satisfaction will be achieved directly. Simultaneously, banks must acknowledge that the delivery of high quality is an important driver of corporate image and perceived value. In the academic field, the study develops architecture of measurable indicators making it possible to evaluate the proposed constructs, besides constructing an explanatory theory in the understanding of the relations among them for the banking sector. / O setor de serviços tem ganhado destaque nas economias brasileira e mundial, impulsionando as organizações a buscarem por excelência no seu atendimento. Diante dessa necessidade, no setor bancário, as instituições vêm enfatizando um relacionamento mutuamente benéfico com seus clientes, no sentindo de tornar a gestão dos serviços um diferencial competitivo. A qualidade em serviços e a satisfação do cliente têm sido identificadas como fatores-chave nessa diferenciação e retenção de clientes. Nesse contexto, há um desafio na compreensão das relações entre os fatores antecedentes da satisfação dos clientes. De fato, pesquisas anteriores não convergem quanto à direção nem ao grau de relacionamento desses fatores, além de serem abordadas em diferentes países e setores de serviços. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo é investigar as múltiplas relações entre os construtos qualidade em serviços, valor percebido, imagem corporativa e satisfação do cliente. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os conceitos pertinentes a esta pesquisa, os construtos foram conceituados individualmente, fornecendo a base teórica para operacionalização dos mesmos. Em seguida, foram evidenciadas as relações entre eles por meio da declaração das ligações hipotéticas, especificando assim o modelo teórico. Após o conhecimento ter sido articulado de forma teórica, foi conduzida uma pesquisa de levantamento (survey), utilizando para coleta de dados um questionário aplicado de forma aleatória a 136 clientes dos serviços bancários na cidade de Sorocaba-SP, que utilizam ao menos um dos cinco maiores bancos brasileiros. A análise dos dados aconteceu mediante a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, a fim de testar a consistência das hipóteses e identificar a direção das relações. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a qualidade em serviços influencia diretamente o valor percebido e a imagem corporativa, a imagem impacta diretamente a satisfação do cliente, tornando-a uma potencial variável mediadora para relação qualidade e satisfação. Não foi observada, diante da amostra desta pesquisa e dos níveis de significância utilizados, a relação direta entre qualidade e valor percebido com satisfação. Acredita-se, portanto, que este estudo seja relevante tanto para a academia quanto para a prática. Tal conhecimento direciona as instituições bancárias a priorizarem a alocação de recursos e esforços sobre a imagem corporativa, é por meio desse fator que as implicações esperadas em relação à satisfação dos clientes serão alcançadas diretamente. Ao mesmo tempo, os bancos devem admitir a entrega de níveis elevados de qualidade como importante motor da imagem corporativa e do valor percebido. No âmbito acadêmico, desenvolve uma arquitetura de indicadores mensuráveis tornando possível a avaliação dos construtos propostos, além de construir uma teoria explicativa na compreensão das relações entre eles para o setor bancário.