Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9415_Dissertação Augusto - Versão final.pdf: 2549815 bytes, checksum: 02f0b18f7f93dc516bd1fd0b019e7388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-02 / Helicobacter pylori é uma bactéria Gram-negativa capaz de sobreviver ao ambiente gástrico e possui forte influência sobre o desenvolvimento de doenças estomacais como gastrite, úlceras pépticas e até mesmo câncer gástrico. Plectranthus barbatus (Falso-boldo) e Vernonia condensata (Boldobaiano), são espécies de plantas medicinais amplamente utilizadas na medicina tradicional brasileira para distúrbios gástricos, no entanto, não há relatos científicos da atividade dessas espécies vegetais frente H. pylori. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar as atividades anti-H. pylori, gastroprotetora, imunomoduladora e antioxidante de extratos e frações destas espécies, assim como avaliar o perfil fitoquímico das espécies. O perfil fitoquímico foi avaliado através de ensaio fitoquímico preliminar, doseamento de fenóis totais e flavonoides e espectrometria de massas. A atividade gastroprotetora foi avaliada in vivo frente a modelo agudo de úlcera induzido por etanol. A atividade anti-H. pylori foi realizada através da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), bactericida mínima (CBM), análise morfológica por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e inibição da urease. Avaliou-se também a atividade imunomoduladora das amostras através da detecção de óxido nítrico e citocinas (TNF-α, IL-1β, e IL-6) liberadas por macrófagos. Por fim, a ação antioxidante foi verificada frente a radicais artificiais (DPPH e ABTS+) e espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio (O2-, HOCl, H2O2 e NO). O tratamento oral com os extratos de ambas as espécies vegetais indicam gastroproteção variando de 58 a 78%. Os resultados para atividade anti-H. pylori foram promissores apenas para a espécie P. barbatus apresentando CIM de 512 µg/mL para extrato aquoso e 256 µg/mL para fração acetato de etila (AcOEt) e ainda CBM para fração AcOEt na concentração de 1024 µg/mL. A análise por MEV da fração AcOEt demonstrou influência sobre a parede celular de H. pylori. Os resultados da atividade antioxidante foram considerados significativos para ambas as espécies, frente aos radicais artificiais e também para as espécies reativas O2- (CE50: 32 72 µg/mL) e HOCl (CE50: 53 85 µg/mL). Nos resultados de atividade imunomoduladora, houve inibição da produção de citocinas para ambas as espécies em estudo, porém a espécie V. condensata demonstrou ter o maior potencial anti-inflamatório por inibir o NO e as citocinas testadas de forma dose-dependente, em macrófagos estimulados por LPS (28 -88% de inibição). Ambas espécies apresentaram quantidade significativa das classes químicas flavonoides e fenóis totais. Além disto P. barbatus apresentou diferentes diterpenos como o plectrin, abietano hidrolisado, barbatusina, 3β-hidroxi-3deoixibarbatusina e ciclobutatosina e também os polifenois coleosídeo B e ácido rosmarinico. De modo geral, a espécie P. barbatus, em especial sua fração AcOEt demonstrou ser promissora para emprego futuro na prevenção e tratamento da infecção por H. pylori.

This study examined modifications made by Pogonomyrmex barbatus, by their processes of granivory and nest construction, to forb and grass dynamics under large-scale disturbances of fire, recent drought and long-term, large-mammalian herbivory using comparative studies, field experimental manipulations, and a simulation model on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. Ant nests are refugia for grass survival during extreme droughts as demonstrated during the drought of 1998 to 2002. Significantly greater cover of grasses and lower abundance and cover of forbs was found beside nests compared with surrounding habitat throughout the drought and recovery. Grasses near nests may be the seed source for surrounding habitats during recovery. Seeds were differentially collected among most forbs and grasses despite seed abundance. Harvest was significantly reduced in the fall relative to spring. During preference experiments, harvest differences were found between grazing treatments for two of four species, but only during the spring. High lipid content seeds were unpreferred in fall compared to high protein and carbohydrate content seeds. Granivory influences on seedling establishment were studied by comparing seedling recruitment among sown and naturally occurring seeds excluded and open to foragers. Exclosures were placed in three nest densities and two burn treatments. Seeds in exclosures produced significantly more seedlings than open arenas only during the first year of drought recovery. Densities of grasses and annual forbs were higher in open arenas the second year due to indirect effects of granivory. By reducing seeds ants release seedlings from competition. Sown seedling abundance was unaffected by colony density and fire. Colony density and distribution were influenced by topography, soil types, soil depth and woody cover, but not by historical grazing treatments. Cleared vegetation on nest disks impacted less than 1% of total surface area and losses were compensated by greater basal cover of grasses next to disks compared to surrounding habitats. Foraging areas influenced 17.3-73.6% of surface area and could diminish seed populations for potential seedlings. Model results agree with experimental observations that communities may be modified by P. barbatus presence due to differential responses of grass species to interaction between nests or granivory and rainfall amounts.

Incluir como ag?ncias financiadoras: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq); Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-08T19:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernando_henrique_marques_costa.pdf: 968489 bytes, checksum: 0df569b110148887e113292d0d960db5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-09T18:48:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernando_henrique_marques_costa.pdf: 968489 bytes, checksum: 0df569b110148887e113292d0d960db5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T18:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernando_henrique_marques_costa.pdf: 968489 bytes, checksum: 0df569b110148887e113292d0d960db5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O consumo popular do boldo (P. boldus) ? feito com fins medicamentosos para tratar problemas relacionados ao f?gado e a m? digest?o. Apesar de ser uma planta mundialmente conhecida, no Brasil outras esp?cies tamb?m recebem o nome de boldo, portanto ? comum a confus?o entre os seus v?rios tipos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetiva estudar a composi??o qu?mica dos extratos de duas esp?cies de boldos (V. condensata e P. barbatus) e quatro produtos comerciais (boldo, eparema, hepatilon, e ch? de boldo) provenientes do P. boldus. Al?m disso, ? feita uma compara??o dos extratos com os produtos comerciais. As folhas das esp?cies V. condensata e P. barbatus foram submetidas ? macera??o para o preparo dos extratos aquoso (EA) em duas temperaturas (25 e 100 ?C), etan?lico (EE) e hex?nico (EH) na propor??o de 1:10 (amostra/solvente). Para o preparo dos produtos comerciais, cinco amostras de 10 mL de cada produto, de mesmo lote, foram misturadas e armazenadas em frasco ?mbar. Tanto os extratos preparados quanto os produtos comerciais foram secos em fluxo de ar e aquecimento para posterior derivatiza??o antes da an?lise por CG-EM. Os extratos polares foram os que extra?ram a maior quantidade de compostos, destacando-se os extratos aquosos que se assemelham aos produtos comerciais. Os carboidratos foram os compostos majorit?rios nas duas esp?cies e nos quatro produtos comerciais. Em rela??o aos ?cidos graxos, estes foram identificados em maiores quantidades nos extratos hex?nicos, e os compostos arom?ticos, apenas nos produtos comerciais. Ao final do estudo, concluiu-se que a t?cnica da derivatiza??o e posterior an?lise por CG-EM se mostrou eficiente na identifica??o de compostos presentes nas esp?cies do boldo e nos produtos comerciais que n?o foram encontrados na literatura. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The popular consumption of boldo (P. boldus) is made for medical purposes to treat problems related to liver and poor digestion. In spite of being a world-known plant, in Brazil other species also receive the name of Boldo, therefore is common the confusion between its several types. In this context, the present study aims to study the chemical composition of the extracts of two species of boldos (V. condensata and P. barbatus) and four commercial products (boldo, eparema, hepatilon, and boldo) from P. boldus. In addition a comparison of the extracts with the commercial products is made. The leaves of the species V. condensata and P. barbatus were submitted to maceration to prepare aqueous extracts (EA) at two temperatures (25 and 100 ? C), ethanolic (EE) and hexane (EH) in the ratio of 1:10 (Sample / solvent). For the preparation of the commercial products, five 10 ml samples of each product of the same batch were mixed and stored in an amber bottle. Both the prepared extracts and the commercial products were dried in air stream and heated for further derivatization prior to GC-MS analysis. The polar extracts were the ones that extracted the largest amount of compounds, standing out the aqueous extracts that resemble the commercial products. Carbohydrates were the major compounds in both species and in the four commercial products. In relation to fatty acids, these were identified in greater amounts in the hexane extracts, and the aromatic compounds, only in commercial products. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the technique of derivatization and subsequent analysis by CG-EM was efficient in identifying compounds present in Boldo species and in commercial products that were not found in the literature.

Submitted by Raniere Barreto (raniere.barros@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T17:58:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) alcides_alves_freitas.pdf: 1707403 bytes, checksum: f9233629066db73fd877b2885aa875bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-14T14:47:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) alcides_alves_freitas.pdf: 1707403 bytes, checksum: f9233629066db73fd877b2885aa875bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T14:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) alcides_alves_freitas.pdf: 1707403 bytes, checksum: f9233629066db73fd877b2885aa875bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O boldo da terra (Plectranthus barbatus) ? popularmente utilizado para o tratamento de dist?rbios gastrintestinais e para doen?as hep?ticas. Devido ? exist?ncia de um grande n?mero de esp?cies dispon?veis para pesquisa e estudos farmacol?gicos, o estudo dessa planta torna-se importante para o conhecimento t?cnico-cient?fico, especialmente com a finalidade do desenvolvimento de novos f?rmacos. Com isto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi detectar prote?nas ativas de Plectranthus barbatus (boldo da terra) e avaliar a atividade biol?gica em c?lulas A549 e RAW264.7. As amostras dos procedimentos de extra??o das folhas e caule do P. barbatus foram submetidas ? quantifica??o de prote?na. Foi detectado em gel de poliacrilamida SDS-PAGE 12% prote?nas com peso molecular em torno de 30kDa e 94kDa o que ? descrito na literatura como lectinas e lipoxigenases. Os extratos foram caracterizados por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia com picos aparentes em 16 e 27 minutos. N?o foi detectada atividade de inibi??o da tripsina. Os resultados dos testes biol?gicos em cultura de c?lulas demonstraram que o extrato purificado de inibidores de protease n?o alterou a viabilidade celular de ambas as linhagens, no entanto, foi capaz de inibir a produ??o de ?xido n?trico na concentra??o de 10 ?g/ml para folha e caule e 100 ?g/ml para folha. Este trabalho demonstra pela primeira vez a extra??o de prote?nas em folhas e caule de Plectranthus barbatus e a atividade dessa mol?cula em cultura celular. Esse extrato n?o alterou a viabilidade celular de ambas as linhagens celulares, podendo ser caracterizados como n?o citot?xico nas concentra??es testadas. Conclui-se, portanto, que embora as folhas, caules e flores do Plectranthus barbatus seja utilizado amplamente pela popula??o esse trabalho demonstrou a detec??o de lectina e lipoxigenase at? agora desconhecidos nessa esp?cie em estudo. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The boldo da terra (Plectranthus barbatus) is popularly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and for liver diseases. Due to the existence of a large number of species available for research and pharmacological studies, the study of this plant becomes important for technical-scientific knowledge, especially for the purpose of developing new drugs. With this, the objective of this work was to detect active proteins of Plectranthus barbatus and to evaluate the biological activity in cells A549 and RAW264.7. Samples of P. barbatus leaf and stem extraction procedures were submitted to protein quantification. SDS-PAGE was detected in 12% proteins with molecular weight around 30kDa and 94kDa which is described in the literature as lectins and lipoxygenases. The extracts were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography with apparent peaks at 16 and 27 minutes. No trypsin inhibition activity was detected. The results of the biological tests in cell culture demonstrated that the purified protease inhibitor extract did not alter the cell viability of both strains, however, it was able to inhibit the production of 10 ?g / ml nitric oxide to leaf and And 100 ?g / ml for leaf. This work demonstrates for the first time the extraction of proteins in leaves and stem of Plectranthus barbatus and the activity of this molecule in cell culture. This extract did not alter the cellular viability of both cell lines and could be characterized as non-cytotoxic at the concentrations tested. It was concluded, therefore, that although the leaves, stems and flowers of Plectranthus barbatus were used extensively by the population, this work demonstrated the detection of lectin and lipoxygenase hitherto unknown in this species under study.

The ability of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to extend the shelf life of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus) was assessed in this study. For that purpose, fillets of both atlantic mackerel and red mullet were subjected to pressure treatments at 200, 300, 400 MPa at 5, 10, 15&deg / C for 5 and 15 minutes. The influence of the treatments on Trimethylamine Nitrogen (TMA-N) level, lipid oxidation stability (Thiobarbituric Acid, TBA level) was investigated as well as color changes. The suitable combinations for Atlantic mackerel were determined as 200 MPa, 15&deg / C for 5 min and 400 MPa, 5&deg / C for 5 min / and for red mullet 200 MPa, 15&deg / C for 5 min. In the second stage, the shelf life of fish samples, which were treated with these conditions and stored at 4&deg / C, were studied by measurement of pH, color, sensorial features (appearance and odor), TMA-N, TBA, Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N), Histamine and Total Mesophilic Aerobic Count (TMAC) formations. Based on these analyses, the unpressurised mackerel samples were acceptable up to only 7 days compared to 17 and 19 days after 200 and 400 MPa treatments / respectively. For red mullet samples pressurization at 200 MPa extended the shelf life an additional 3 days (from 1 week to 10 days). HHP treatment in combination with chilled storage can improve the shelf life and quality of fish.

abstract: Gene-centric theories of evolution by natural selection have been popularized and remain generally accepted in both scientific and public paradigms. While gene-centrism is certainly parsimonious, its explanations fall short of describing two patterns of evolutionary and social phenomena: the evolution of sex and the evolution of social altruism. I review and analyze current theories on the evolution of sex. I then introduce the conflict presented to gene-centric evolution by social phenomena such as altruism and caste sterility in eusocial insects. I review gene-centric models of inclusive fitness and kin selection proposed by Hamilton and Maynard Smith. Based their assumptions, that relatedness should be equal between sterile workers and reproductives, I present several empirical examples that conflict with their models. Following that, I introduce a unique system of genetic caste determination (GCD) observed in hybrid populations of two sister-species of seed harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex rugosus and Pogonomyrmex barbatus. I review the evidence for GCD in those species, followed by a critique of the current gene-centric models used to explain it. In chapter two I present my own theoretical model that is both simple and extricable in nature to explain the origin, evolution, and maintenance of GCD in Pogonomyrmex. Furthermore, I use that model to fill in the gaps left behind by the contributing authors of the other GCD models. As both populations in my study system formed from inter-specific hybridization, I review modern discussions of heterosis (also called hybrid vigor) and use those to help explain the ecological competitiveness of GCD. I empirically address the inbreeding depression the lineages of GCD must overcome in order to remain ecologically stable, demonstrating that as a result of their unique system of caste determination, GCD lineages have elevated recombination frequencies. I summarize and conclude with an argument for why GCD evolved under selective mechanisms which cannot be considered gene-centric, providing evidence that natural selection can effectively operate on non-heritable genotypes appearing in groups and other social contexts. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2012

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alvarenga_cmd_dr_botfm_prot.pdf: 1786103 bytes, checksum: 14d9f0d294fb6c639b79eab0f8e823c6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar, experimentalmente, o possível mecanismo pelo qual o extrato aquoso de Plectranthus barbatus (boldo-brasileiro), planta utilizada popularmente como abortiva, atua sobre o organismo materno ou sobre o desenvolvimento do concepto durante o período de pré-implantação, correlacionando sua ingestão com possíveis alterações no transporte e desenvolvimento embrionário ou com alterações hormonais maternas... / The present study was conducted to determine the possible mechanism by which the aqueous extract of Plectranthus barbatus (brazilian-boldo), a plant used popularly as abortive agent, can lead to early loss of pregnancy, correlating this possible effect with morphological alterations in the embryo, oviductal motility dysfunctions or maternal hormonal level modifications...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)

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