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Bakgrund: Mer än en tredjedel av världens kvinnor blir någon gång under sitt liv utsatta för våld av sin partner eller sexuellt våld av annan än partner. Tidigare forskning visar att de våldsutsatta kvinnorna upplever både positivt och negativt bemötande av hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av hindrande respektive underlättande faktorer för att utföra omvårdnadsåtgärder i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor i nära relation.  Metod: En litteraturstudie där 11 kvalitativa artiklar har granskats och analyserats. Resultat: Fyra kategorier framkom efter analys av artiklar: kunskapsnivå bland sjuksköterskorna, arbetsmiljö och organisation, samhällets inverkan, sjuksköterskornas egna känslor och antaganden. I mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor i nära relation upplevde sjuksköterskor både hindrande och underlättande faktorer för att utföra omvårdnadsåtgärder, vilket beskrivs i resultatets huvudrubriker. Hindrande faktorer var brist på kunskap, hög arbetsbelastning, tidsbrist och brist på stöd från verksamheten. Partner närvaro, kulturen i samhället, språkbarriärer, egna känslor och antaganden upplevdes också som hindrande faktorer. Underlättande faktorer var utbildning, kunskap, erfarenhet, tid, ökad personaltäthet, stöd från kollegor och god samverkan med andra instanser. Andra underlättande faktorer var att mötet sker i enrum, mer uppmärksamhet i samhället och utbildning i skolor, använda oberoende tolk vid språkbarriärer, skapa en god relation till kvinnan, kunna reglera och hantera egna känslor.  Slutsats: Flera faktorer har betydelse för vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder sjuksköterskor ger i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Upplevd kunskap, erfarenhet, tid, vårdsystem, kulturella aspekter och inställning påverkar vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som ges eller inte i mötet med den våldsutsatta kvinnan. Vidare forskning behövs om utbildningsbehov hos sjuksköterskor. / Background: More than a third of the world's women are at some time during their life victim of violence by their partner, or victim of sexual violence by other person than their partner. Previous research show that women that are victims of violence experience both positive and negative treatment from healthcare professionals.  Aim: The aim was to describe the barriers and facilitating factors nurses experience to carry through nursing actions when meeting female victims of intimate partner violence.  Method: A literature study of 11 qualitative articles, those were reviewed and analyzed.  Results: Four categories emerged from the analysis: level of knowledge among nurses, the work environment and organisation, the impact of society, nurses own feelings and assumptions. During encounters with female victims of intimate partner violence, nurses experienced both barriers and facilitating factors when performing nursing actions. They are described under the main headlines in the results. Barrier factors were; lack of knowledge, heavy workload, lack of time, lack of support from employer culture in society, language barriers, own feelings and assumptions, presence of the partner. Facilitating factors were; education, knowledge, work experience, having enough time, increased personnel, support from colleagues, good cooperation with other instances. Other facilitating factors were opportunity for meetings in private, more attention in society and education in schools, using an independent interpreter when encountering language barriers, establishing a good relationship with the woman, and the ability to regulate and manage emotions.  Conclusion: Several factors for which nursing measures that are provided by nurses has meaning when meeting with the abused women. Knowledge, experience, time, care system, cultural aspects and attitude affect what nursing measures are provided or not provided when meeting with the abused women. Further research is needed about nurses’ need of education in the subject female victims of intimate partner violence.

Thesis (M.A. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The study investigated the psychological factors that compel battered women to remain in abusive relationships. According to statistics in South Africa (SA) one in every five women is battered by her partner, and one in every four of all women in SA are assaulted by their partners weekly. The research approach was qualitative in nature. Sampling for the study was purposive and utilised eight participants who met the criteria for the investigation. The study was conducted at Tshilidzhini Hospital Trauma Centre and The Sibasa Victim Empowerment unit in Thohoyandou, Vhembe District in the Limpopo province. Data was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire guide. Data was analysed, using Thematic Content Analysis (TCA), to gain an in-depth account of each participant’s experience of abuse. The results of the study indicate that cultural factors still play an important role in facilitating women abuse. The women in the study used religion, denial and avoidance, guilt and self-blame as coping mechanisms. Low self-esteem, depression, cognitive dissonance and relationship hope and commitment were identified as psychological factors compelling battered women to remain in abusive relationships. The study recommended that educational programmes and workshops on woman abuse be provided to empower women in rural areas.

Diss. Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2006. / Med sammanfattning på engelska.

In this thesis, red flags for dangerousness/lethality established from domestic violence and homicide research provided the social framework for an examination of legal responses to violence in intimate heterosexual relationships. The research investigated these gendered, structural patterns of violence and the effectiveness of criminal justice interventions in keeping victims safe. Agency interactions with offenders and victims prior to women's deaths were reviewed in selected cases. Criminal law constructions of violence in intimate relationships were evaluated for their recognition and understanding of primary risk factors for dangerousness/lethality. The research found major red flags remain invisible in criminal law stereotypes of violence between intimates. The significance of these risk factors for dangerousness/lethality is therefore overlooked, misunderstood and even misrepresented in defence of violent offenders. Although the aim of the Domestic Violence Act 1995 is to ensure effective protection for victims, the study found a significant number of women (and sometimes other family members and children) experience further sub-lethal and lethal violence following legal interventions with perpetrators. Lacking a principled policy foundation, central focus on victim safety and clear framework for interventions, legal responses are internally incoherent and inconsistent with New Zealand Family Violence Prevention Strategy. The New Zealand government has committed to principled domestic violence intervention and consistency in law and policy. This will require: a) legislative reform; b) public and professional education on the dynamics of violent relationships, including the interrelationship between sublethal and lethal assaults; and c) monitoring of criminal justice interventions to improve accountability. Until this is accomplished, stories of abused women and their children, including informal attempts to seek help and contact with state and community agencies will continue to be dishonoured by a legal system which silences their voices and fails to learn lessons from their injuries and deaths.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-73). Also available on the Internet.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of men's violence against women. It is a public health and societal problem that threatens women's lives and well-being. Victims of IPV often seek care at the emergency department (ED) first hand. Nurses need knowledge about this subject and have a responsibility to screen for IPV. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how women exposed to IPV experience the meeting with healthcare staff when seeking care at the emergency department. Method: A literature study was conducted with ten articles that had a qualitative approach. The collected data was analysed with manifest content analysis. Results: Two categories and four subcategories were generated from the analyse. The first category was :the women’s emotional process within with subcategories: barriers for disclosing intimate partner violence and the care environments impact. The second category was: the health care staff's attitude affects the care with subcategories: the need for empathic behaviour to enable trust and to be ‘seen and heard’.  Conclusion: Women who are victims of IPV experience fear and a loss of their autonomy and control when seeking care at an ED. It was crucial that these women were treated with empathy to overcome the fear of disclosing the IPV and to be able to continue to seek care. / Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är den vanligaste formen av mäns våld mot kvinnor. Det är ett samhälls- och folkhälsoproblem som hotar kvinnors liv och hälsa. Våldsutsatta kvinnor söker ofta vård på akutmottagningen i första hand. Sjuksköterskan behöver kunskap inom ämnet och har ett ansvar att fråga om våld i nära relationer. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur kvinnor som har utsatts för våld i nära relationer erfar mötet med vårdpersonal på akutmottagning. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes med tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Insamlade data analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Två kategorier och fyra subkategorier framkom utifrån analysen. Den första kategorin var: kvinnornas emotionella inre process med subkategorierna: barriärer kring att berätta om våldet och vårdmiljöns påverkan. Andra kategorin var: vårdpersonalens attityd påverkar vårdmötet med subkategorierna: Förtroendeingivande bemötande och att inte bli ‘sedd och hörd’.  Slutsats: Kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relation upplevde rädsla och förlust av kontroll och autonomi när de sökt vård. Att bli bemött med empati var avgörande för att kvinnorna ska våga berätta om våldet de utsätts för och för att fortsätta söka vård.

Bakgrund: Runt 30 procent av alla kvinnor som någon gång varit i en relation har utsatts för våld. Våld är ett samhällsproblem som växer globalt sett och kan bidra till bristande hälsa och minskat välmående hos kvinnan. Syfte: Få en djupare förståelse kring hur omhändertagandet av våldsutsatta kvinnor ser ut inom vården samt kvinnors upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande efter att ha berättat om våldet. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematisk sökning och innehållsanalys av kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier identifierades: Omhändertagande och Kvinnors erfarenheter med två respektive tre underkategorier. Åtgärder består till största del av att remittera kvinnan vidare till andra instanser. Det finns en stor brist på utbildning och kunskap hos vårdpersonal i att bemöta och ge ett adekvat omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor. Kvinnors erfarenheter av bemötande varierar stort. En del uppger att de blivit bemötta med empati, blivit tagna på allvar och tilläts prata om våldet medan andra blivit skuldbelagda, dömda och förminskade. Barriärer som motsätter att kvinnorna berättar om våld kan vara brist på tillit, rädsla för att bli skuldbelagda och dömd, att våldsutövaren ständigt närvarar samt ekonomiska hinder. Slutsats: Det finns behov av ytterligare forskning kring omvårdnadspersonalens befintliga utbildning samt kvinnors behov vid bemötande. / Background: About 30 percent of all women who have ever been in a relationship have been subjected to violence. Violence is a societal problem that is growing globally and can contribute to poor health and reduced well-being in women. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to gain a deeper understanding of how women are treated in the health care services, and the experiences women have with health care personnel after the disclosure of violence. Method: A literature search was conducted alongside content analysis of qualitative research. Results: Two main themes were found: Care and Women’s experiences’, two respectively three subcategories. Action mainly consists of referring the women on to other agencies. There is a great lack of training and knowledge among healthcare professionals in responding to and providing adequate care for abused women. Women’s experiences of treatment vary highly. Some state that they’ve been treated with empathy, been taken seriously and allowed to talk about the violence, whilst others have been blamed, judged and reduced. Barriers that prevent women from disclosing about violence can be lack of trust, fear of being blamed and judged, the perpetrator may be constantly present or financial obstacles. Conclusion: There is a need for further research on the existing training of nursing staff and the needs of women in treatment.

Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett globalt problem och förekommer i alla samhällsklasser. Sjukvården har ett stort ansvar gällande identifiering och omvårdnad av dessa kvinnor, men många utsatta kvinnor går obemärkt förbi sjukvården. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa mötet mellan sjuksköterskan och fysiskt misshandlade kvinnor. Metoden var en systematisk litteraturöversikt bearbetad utifrån en forskningsprocess enligt Goodmans sju steg. Resultatet grundade sig på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar, både av kvalitativ och kvantitativ art. Artiklarna togs fram ur databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO. Resultatet visade att det fanns ett flertal hinder för sjuksköterskan vid identifiering av misshandlade kvinnor, där de mest framträdande var bristfällig kunskap och tidsbrist. Vikten av att skapa trygghet och förtroende till kvinnan var centralt för att hon skulle våga anförtro sig. Resultatet har tolkats utifrån Kari Martinsens omvårdnadsteori som bygger på beroendet av andra människor i speciella situationer och inlevelse i patientens situation. Det är tydligt att mer utbildning inom ämnet behövs liksom nationella handlingsplaner. / Violence against women is a global problem and occurs in all social classes. The healthcare system has a great responsibility, relating to identification and nursing of these women. Many vulnerable women go unnoticed by the healthcare system though. The aim of this study was to highlight the meeting between the nurse and the physically abused women. The method was a systematic literature review using the science process according to Goodman’s seven steps. The results were based on 12 scientific articles, with both qualitative and quantitative research. The articles were collected from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The result showed several barriers in identifying physically abused women. The most significant factors were lack of knowledge and time constraints. The importance of creating a sense of security and confidence between the nurse and the woman was crucial to disclose the abuse. The result has been interpreted from Kari Martinsens nursing theory based on the dependency of other people in special situations and empathy in the patient's situation. It is obvious that more education in this area is necessary as well as national guidelines.