Orientadores: Ana Maria Segall Correa, Silvia Maria Santiago / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T03:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Audi_CeleneAparecidaFerrari_D.pdf: 4215220 bytes, checksum: 127ca6e6ad40b4ce8643dc88d2cf647e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A violência contra as mulheres, em suas diversas formas, é endêmica em todos os países do mundo, independente da classe social, raça ou idade. Estudos têm mostrado que a gestante não está livre de sofrer as diversas manifestações de violência doméstica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a associação entre violência doméstica contra as gestantes, residentes na região Sudoeste de Campinas-SP e os fatores associados à violência perpetrada pelo parceiro íntimo, assim como, verificar o impacto dessa violência no peso ao nascer ou na prematuridade. Inicialmente, foram realizados grupos focais para subsidiar o estudo de coorte. Neste, numa etapa retrospectiva foram coletadas informações sobre experiência de violência doméstica vivida pelas gestantes selecionadas, no ano anterior a gestação. Numa etapa prospectiva, coletamos dados sobre nova exposição à violência doméstica durante e após período gestacional. Informações sobre, características sócio demográficas das gestantes, do parceiro íntimo, sobre o parto e pós-parto imediato, também foram pesquisadas. Participaram do estudo 1379 gestantes usuárias do SUS. Do total da amostra, 19,1 % (262) referiram ter sido vítima de violência psicológica, 5,9% (81) de violência física e 1,3% (18) de violência sexual. A prevalência de violência física ou sexual foi de 6,5% (81) gestantes. Através de analise de regressão logística, permaneceram associados: 1) à violência psicológica: gestante com escolaridade fundamental ou menor (p<0,013), gestante ser responsável pela família (p<0,001), sentimento de rejeição (p<0,001), gestante presenciou agressão física na infância (p<0,001), gestante sofreu agressão física na infância (p<0,032), parceiro íntimo adolescente (p<0,011) e consumir bebida alcoólica com freqüência superior a uma vez por semana (p<0,001); 2) à violência física/sexual: a gestante ter relatado dificuldade em fazer as consultas de pré-natal (p<0,011 ), gestante com escolaridade fundamental ou menor (p<0,002), sentimento de rejeição (p<0,001), gestante sofreu agressão física na infância (p<0,021), parceiro íntimo não trabalhar (p<0,039) e o parceiro fazer uso de drogas e consumir álcool com freqüência superior a uma vez por semana (p<0,001). Para analisar o peso ao nascer ou prematuridade, 1220 mulheres foram acompanhadas durante o período de pré-natal e pós-natal (88,5% das gestantes inicialmente selecionadas). Essa diferença refere-se a 11,5% das perdas de acompanhamento, basicamente por mudança de endereço. O peso médio ao nascer foi de 3,233 gramas e a idade gestacional foi em média 38,56 semanas. Apresentaram BPN ou PM 13,8% RN. Condições de risco para BPN ou PM foram: gestante ter tido RN PM em outra gestação (p<0,003), ser tabagista (p<0,001), ter tido parto por cesárea (p<0,001) e ser baixa a escolaridade do parceiro (p<0,005). Os eventos adversos, manifestados durante a gestação associados à violência psicológica e violência física/sexual foram, respectivamente: infecção urinária (p<0,007; p<0,027), falta de desejo sexual (p<0,018; p<0,001), afecções ginecológicas (p<0,009), enxaqueca (p<0,014), sentimento de rejeição e distúrbios neuróticos (p<0,001). Conclusões: este estudo conseguiu identificar que a prevalência de qualquer forma de violência contra a gestante pode acometer aproximadamente uma em cada seis delas. O perpetrador mais provável é o que consome drogas licitas ou ilícitas; mostraram-se de maior risco as mulheres de baixa escolaridade, dificuldades de comparecer ao pré-natal e que são responsáveis pela família. Não foi observada associação estatisticamente significativa entre violência doméstica e baixo peso ao nascer ou prematuridade. Os eventos adversos manifestados durante a gestação foram: infecção urinária, falta de desejo sexual, afecções ginecológicas, enxaqueca, sentimento de rejeição e distúrbios neuróticos. As prevalências de violências observadas e os fatores a elas associados evidenciam a magnitude e complexidade do problema. Sugere-se rever os mecanismos que permitam sua identificação e orientem abordagem inter e multidisciplinar, especialmente no âmbito da Saúde Pública, com ênfase na atenção primária / Abstract: Violence against women, in its various forms, is endemic in every country in the world, regardless of social class, race, or age. Studies have shown that pregnant women also suffer from the various manifestations of domestic violence. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between domestic violence against pregnant women residing in the southeastern region of Campinas-SP and the factors associated with violence perpetrated by their partners, as well as examine the impact of this violence on birth weight and premature birth. Focus groups were initially conducted to complement the cohort study. In the latter, in a retrospective phase, information was collected regarding the domestic violence experienced by the pregnant women during the year preceding their pregnancy. In a prospective phase, data was collected on exposure to domestic violence during and after pregnancy. Information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant women, of their partners, and about the birth and immediate post-partum period was also collected. The total number of pregnant women who participated in the study was 1379, all users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Of these, 19,1% (263) claimed to have been victims of psychological violence, 5,9% (81) of physical violence, and 1,3% (18) of sexual violence. The prevalence of physical or sexual violence was 6,5% (81). Logistic regression analysis showed associations between: 1) psychological violence 8th grade education or less (p<0,013), pregnant woman describing herself as being responsible for the family (p<0,001), rejection feeling (p<0,001), pregnant woman witnessed physical aggression in the childhood (p<0,001), pregnant woman suffered physical aggression in the childhood (p0, <032), adolescent father (p0<,011) and alcohol consumption by partner more often than once a week (p<0,001); 2) physical/sexual violence and: difficulty in doing prenatal consultations (p<0,011), 8th grade education or less (p<0,002), and drug and alcohol consumption by partner more often than once a week (p<0,001), rejection feeling (p<0,001), pregnant woman suffered physical aggression in the childhood (p<0,021), partner intimate doesn't work. To analyze birth weight or premature birth, 1220 women were followed during the pre- and post-natal period (88,5% of the pregnant women initially selected). This represents a 11,5% loss basically due to address changes. Mean birth weight was 3,233 grams and mean gestational age was 38,56 weeks. Of the newborns, 13,8% were low birth weight or premature. Risk conditions for low birth weight or prematurity included: history of previous premature births (p<0,003), tobacco use (p<0,001), cesarean birth (p<0,001), and low educational level of the partner (p<0,005). The event¿s adverse manifested during pregnancy association¿s violência psychological violence and physical/sexual violence were, respectively urinary infection (p <0,007; p <0,027), lacks of sexual want (p<0,018; p<0,001), gynecological problem (p<0,009), headache (p <0,014), rejection feeling and neurotic disturbances (p <0,001). Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the prevalence of some form of violence against pregnant women can be as high as one in six. The most likely perpetrators are consumers of illicit or licit drugs. Women at higher risk included those with fewer years of schooling, those who had difficulties in keeping their prenatal care appointments, and those who described themselves as being responsible for the family. No statistically significant associations were observed between domestic violence and low birth weight or premature birth. The adverse events manifested during the gestation were: urinary infection lacks of sexual want, gynecological problem, headache, rejection feeling and neurotic disturbances. The prevalence¿s of the different types of violence observed and their associated factors suggest the magnitude and complexity of the problem. It is recommended that mechanisms to identify the problem and provide inter- and muti-disciplinary guidance be reviewed, especially in the sphere of public health, with emphasis in primary health care / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Våld i nära relationer är ett folkhälso- och samhällsproblem som kräver insatser från flera verksamheter. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur personal inom socialtjänst respektive hälso- och sjukvård upplever arbetet med kvinnor som blivit utsatta för våld i en nära relation. Syftet var att genom en kvalitativ metod bidra med kunskap ur perspektivet från de yrkesgrupper som har ett ansvar att upptäcka våld samt stödja våldsutsatta kvinnor. Den empiriska datan samlades in genom intervjuer med sju respondenter och analyserades därefter utifrån en innehållsanalys. Respondenterna bestod av två socialsekreterare, två barnmorskor samt tre kuratorer inom den psykiatriska öppenvården. Resultatet tolkades genom systemteori och begreppen makt, normalisering och handlingsutrymme. Det framkommer i resultatet att vissa professionella tillfrågar alla klienter om våld i nära relationer, medan andra endast tillfrågar vid misstanke om våld. Det finns delade meningar om huruvida frågan om våld ska ställas direkt eller om man ska närma sig ämnet varsamt. Att ställa frågan om en kvinna är utsatt för våld upplevs vara svårt, på grund av en osäkerhet gällande hur de ska hantera svaret. Det upplevs finnas brister i det långsiktiga och det förebyggande stödet. De professionella upplever att våld i nära relationer är ett tabubelagt ämne i samhället, men att utbildning och samverkan anses främja arbetet. / Intimate partner violence is a public health- and social problem, which requires support from several organisations. The aim of our study was to examine how employees in social services and healthcare experience the work of detecting and supporting women who have been subjected to violence in an intimate relationship. The ambition was to contribute with knowledge, from the perspective of the professions that have a responsibility to detect domestic violence and support battered women, through a qualitative study. The empirical data was collected by interviews with seven respondents and analysed through a content analysis. The respondents were two social workers, two midwives and three counsellors within psychiatric outpatient care. System theory and the perspectives of power, normalization and discretion were used to analyse the result. The result shows that some professionals ask all clients about intimate partner violence, while others only ask if they suspect that a woman is being abused. The professionals’ opinions differ as to whether the question should be asked upfront or being approached more carefully. Some professionals state that asking a woman if she has suffered abuse is difficult, because of an insecurity regarding how they should proceed when they find out about the violence. There are perceived shortcomings in long-term and preventive support. The professionals find that violence in close relationships is a taboo subject in society, but that education and cooperation between organisations are considered to facilitate their work.

Bakgrund: Mäns våld mot kvinnor är vanligt förekommande och nära hälften av alla svenska kvinnor har utsatts för någon form av övergrepp. Övervägande del av våldet sker från en man som kvinnan har någon form av relation med. Våldet leder till en ökad psykisk och fysisk ohälsa vilket kan få långtgående negativa effekter för kvinnornas livskvalitet. Sjukvården är ofta den första och ibland enda kontakten kvinnorna får med någon myndighet. Hur denna kontakt blir kan därför få avgörande betydelse för de utsatta kvinnorna. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskans attityder till att handla vid misstanke om fysiska och/eller sexuella övergrepp. Metod: En litteraturstudie innehållande elva artiklar med kvalitativ ansats designades. Databassökningar gjordes i CINAHL, PubMed samt PsycINFO. En manifest innehållsanalys gjordes med utgång från Forsberg och Wengström och två övergripande teman framträdde, Personliga faktorer och Organisatoriska faktorer. Resultat: Att möta kvinnor som råkat ut för övergrepp var för flertalet sjuksköterskor en utmaning och väckte mycket känslor. De kände sig osäkra och ansåg inte sig själva ha tillräcklig kompetens att ta hand om patientgruppen. Fördomar som sjuksköterskorna hade om våld mot kvinnor försvårade arbetet för dem. Sjuksköterskor med mer erfarenhet av att arbeta med våldsutsatta kvinnor såg däremot arbetet som belönande. Otillräckligt med tid och hög arbetsbelastning påverkade dock alla sjuksköterskor negativt. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor som arbetar med våldsutsatta kvinnor genomgår en personlig utveckling som kan beskrivas i utvecklingsstadier från novis till expert. De oerfarna sjuksköterskorna behöver handledning och stöd från sjuksköterskor med mer erfarenhet. Sjuksköterskorna behöver även göras medvetna om sina egna förutfattade meningar genom utbildning för att kunna ge kvinnorna den adekvata och goda vården som de har rätt till. / Background: Men's violence against women is commonly occurring in our society and near half of all Swedish women have at some point been subject to some form of abuse. Most of the violence occur from a man whom the woman has some kind of relationship to. Abuse lead to increased mental and physical illness amongst the women subjected to it which can have far-reaching negative consequences concerning their well-being and health. The contact with public health care is often the first and sometimes the only contact these women get with any social authority. This meeting can therefore have crucial effect on the women’s quality of life. Purpose: The purpose of the literature study was to illuminate the nurse's attitudes to act on suspicion of physical and/or sexual abuse. Method: A literature study containing eleven articles with a qualitative approach was designed. Database searches were made using CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. A manifest content analysis was conducted with Forsberg and Wengström’s approach and two overall themes appeared, Personal Factors and Organizational Factors. Result: Working with abused women was by most nurses considered a challenge and caused a lot of emotion. They felt insecure and did not consider themselves competent enough. Prejudices that the nurses held about violence against women also made their work difficult. However, those nurses with extensive experience in working with abused women, considered their work as rewarding. Conclusion: Nurses working with abused women undergo personal development that can be described in stages from novice to expert. The inexperienced nurses need guidance and support from more experienced nurses. Nurses also need to be made aware of their own prejudices through education, in order to give abused women the adequate care they are entitled to.

Bakgrund: Enligt Världshälsoorganisationen har var tredje kvinna världen över någon gång under sin livstid varit utsatt för fysiskt och/eller sexuellt våld i nära relationer eller sexuellt våld av en icke känd förövare. Globalt sett är mäns våld mot kvinnor en av de största kränkningarna av de mänskliga rättigheterna. Konsekvenserna av våldet ökar risken för social isoleringen, psykiskt lidande, depression och självmord. Hälso- och sjukvården har en nyckelroll i att identifiera dessa kvinnor för att kunna ge dem individanpassat stöd. Syftet: var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta kvinnor som är utsatta för mäns våld i nära relationer  Metod: En litteraturstudie där åtta kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar ingår. Databaserna CINAHL och PsycINFO användes till litteratursökningen. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre kategorier. Sjuksköterskan förskjuter ansvaret till andra som innebär att frågan om våld inte anses ingå i professionen, Brister i verksamheten som innebär brist på kunskap om våld, brist på utrymmen och tid. Förtvivlan och hjälplöshet innebär sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av maktlöshet, rädsla samt skam och skuld.   Slutsats: Hinder framkom som påverkade sjuksköterskornas arbete beträffande att ställa frågan om våldsutsatthet. Bland dessa framträdde tidsbrist, kunskapsbrist, brister i arbetsmiljön samt känslomässiga hinder. Sjuksköterskor behöver mer kunskap och fortbildning om våldsutsatta kvinnor varför en undersökning av svenska sjuksköterskors kunskaper inom ämnesområdet skulle vara intressant att ta del av. / Background: According to the World Health Organization, every third woman worldwide has been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in intimate partner relationships or sexual violence by a non-partner during their lifetime. Globally, men's violence against women is one of the biggest violations of human rights. The consequences of violence increase the risk of social isolation, mental suffering, depression and can lead to suicide. Healthcare has a key role, not only in identifying these women but also in being able to provide them with individualized support. Aim: Nurses' experiences of encountering women who are exposed to men's violence in intimate partner relationships.  Method: A literature study with eight qualitative scientific articles was conducted. The databases PsycINFO and CINAHL were used for the literature study. Results: The result emerged in three categories. The nurse shifts responsibility to others, which means that the issue of violence is not considered a part of the profession. Shortcomings in clinical practice, which means that a lack of knowledge about violence exists together with a lack of space and time. Despair and helplessness means that the nurses' experience powerlessness, fear and also shame and guilt. Conclusion: Several obstacles affected the nurses' work regarding the question of exposure to violence. Among these, lack of time, lack of knowledge, deficiencies in the work environment and emotional barriers were highlighted. Nurses need more knowledge and training about women exposed to violence, which is why a survey of Swedish nurses' knowledge in the subject area would be interesting to take part in.

The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of identifying any forms of emotional management strategies in social workers who work with battered women. The study focuses on social workers who work within municipal activities and non-profit women's shelters to identify any differences between the different organizations. The study implemented a qualitative method and we used semi-structured interviews to collect data. Eight social workers participated and were interviewed for the study. The result shows that the work with battered women can be perceived as emotionally stressful. As a result, it is possible to identify emotional management strategies in the emotional labour of the social worker. The respondents agree that collegial support as well as a good working environment are important strategies to deal with the emotions that arise at work. The result also shows strategies such as taking a role in meetings with battered women. The role is partly based on expectations, and partly functions as a protection for the social workers' own feelings. The strategies identified are relatively similar between the organizations. It is thus difficult to draw any conclusions about differences in the emotional management strategies based on the associated organizations.

This study explored the process of negotiating music therapy in a community based setting known as The Potter’s House. The Potter’s House was established fourteen years ago as the first non-racial shelter for battered and destitute women and their children in the city of Pretoria. Furthermore, the study considers Community Music Therapy as a possible frame for music therapy practice in South Africa. The study was conducted according to a qualitative research paradigm. Three data collection sources were used to gather information about the way in which music therapy was negotiated at The Potter’s House. Data collection was in the form of interviews (conducted with the manager of The Potter’s House and the music therapy participants) as well as clinical session notes. The aim of the interviews was to explore members’ experiences and views of the music therapy process. The clinical session notes include significant information that relates to my own reflections and experiences of the music therapy process. This study seems to highlight certain factors that appear prominent in the process of negotiating music therapy in this specific shelter for battered women and their children. These factors and how they were negotiated seem to emphasize the value of a Community Music Therapy framework in the shelter context. The study further suggests that Community Music Therapy could be utilized more broadly in the South African context. / Mini Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Music / MMus / Unrestricted

Bakgrund: Att leva utan våld och diskriminering är en grundläggande mänsklig rättighet. Utsatthet för våld i nära relation orsakar negativa hälsokonsekvenser däribland depression, ångest samt en ökad känsla av skam. Kvinnor som varit med om våld i nära relation tenderar att söka vård för kroniska eller akuta skador orsakat av våldet. Det är betydelsefullt att sjuksköterskan är bekväm i den professionella rollen för sjuksköterska-patientrelationen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur kvinnor som blivit utsatta för våld i nära relation upplever bemötandet i vården. Metod: Den kvalitativa litteraturöversikten genomfördes med originalartiklar, med kvalitativ ansats. Analysförfarandet var en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studiens analys urskilde två kategorier: 1) Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens faktorer och egenskaper med underkategorierna: trygghet och tillit; lyssna; attityder samt; icke-påverkbara faktorer. 2) Samtalet och dess innehåll med underkategorierna: stöd och information; att få frågan samt; tid och rum. Slutsats: Mötet med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kan inge känsla av tillit och trygghet men även förstärka känslan av skam. Genom att inte skuldbelägga samt avsätta tid till kvinnan minskar känslan av skam. Vidare forskning bör fokusera på hinder för sjuksköterskor i bemötandet med offer för våld i nära relation. / Background: Living without violence and discrimination is a fundamental human right. Exposure to intimate partner violence causes negative health consequences including depression, anxiety and an increased sense of shame. Women who have experienced intimate partner violence tend to seek treatment for chronic or acute injuries caused by the violence. It is important that the nurses are competent in their professional role in order to foster the nurse-patient relation. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how women who have been exposed to intimate partner violence experience healthcare encounter. Method: The qualitative literature review was implemented with original articles, with a qualitative approach. The analysis procedure was a qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis of the study distinguished two categories: 1) The healthcare professional factors and characteristics with the subcategories: safety and trust; listening; attitudes and; non-influencing factors. 2) The conversation and its content with the subcategories: support and information; to receive the question and; time and space. Conclusion: Meeting with healthcare professionals can generate a feeling of trust and safety, however, it can also increase a feeling of shame. When the healthcare professional does not impose guilt upon the woman and provides the time necessary, the feeling of shame is reduced. Further research should focus on the barriers for nurses in dealing with victims of intimate partner violence.

Bakgrund Våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer är ett stort globalt samhällsproblem där kvinnorna oftare utsätts för grövre våld än män. Det är viktigt att uppmärksamma och motarbeta alla former av våld i nära relationer, oavsett om det handlar om psykiskt, fysiskt, sexuellt, ekonomiskt eller materiellt våld. Våldsutsatta kvinnor söker sig oftare till hälso- och sjukvården för varierande åkommor därför är det av stor vikt att sjuksköterskor är observanta och lyhörda på signaler och andra tecken på utsatthet och att man som sjuksköterska vågar fråga för att kunna fånga upp dessa kvinnor och sedan stödja dem att bryta deras destruktiva relationer. Syfte Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att vårda kvinnor som upplevt våld i nära relationer. Metod Denna litteraturöversikt grundar sig på 11 noga utvalda vetenskapliga orginalartiklar varav åtta är kvalitativa och tre är kvantitativa. Databassökningen genomfördes i Cinahl Complete, PubMed och PsycInfo. Resultat Litteraturöversikten ledde fram till tre teman. I det första temat med två subteman beskrevs organisatoriska barriärer som äventyrade sjuksköterskors bemötande inklusive bristfälliga rutiner/riktlinjer, samt bristfälliga utbildningar för sjuksköterskor. Det påvisade brister på organisationsnivå där sjuksköterskor saknade både rutiner om tydliga riktlinjer och detta i sin tur kunde äventyra patientsäkerheten. Tema två speglar sjuksköterskors erfarenheter och uppfattning sjuksköterskerollen i förhållande till de våldsutsatta kvinnorna. Tema tre behandlar sjuksköterskors emotionella upplevelser av att vårda dessa kvinnor. Slutsats Sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att bemöta kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer var begränsade. För att sjuksköterskor i sin profession skall kunna utföra adekvat omvårdnad behövs tydliga instruktioner och riktlinjer samt fortlöpande utbildningar. Sjuksköterskors förhållningsätt och synsätt hade också en betydande roll hur de bemötte dessa kvinnor. / Background Violence against women in close relationships is a major global social problem where women often are exposed to more severe violence than men. It is important to draw attention to and combat all forms of violence in close relationships, whether it is psychological, physical, sexual, economic, or material violence. Women who have experienced violence often seek out healthcare services for various conditions, which is why it is of great importance that nurses are observant and attentive to signals and other signs of abuse, and that as a nurse, you dare to ask in order to identify these women and then support them in breaking their destructive relationships. Aim The aim of the literature review was to explore nurses' experience of caring for women that had experienced violence in intimate relationships. Method This literature review is based on 11 selected original scientific articles, of which eight were qualitative and three were quantitative. The database search was conducted in Cinahl Complete, PubMed and PsycInfo. Results The literature review led to three themes. In the first theme with two subthemes, organizational barriers that influenced the nurses' care of the women were described, including inadequate routines/guidelines and inadequate training for nurses. It demonstrated deficiencies at the organizational level where nurses lacked both routines and clear guidelines, and this in turn could endanger patient safety. Theme two reflects how the nurses' interpreted the nursing role in relation to these women. Theme three involves nurses' emotional experiences of caring for women who have been exposed to violence in close relationships. Summary The result showed that nurses' experiences of caring for women who have been exposed to violence in close relationships were limited. In order for nurses in their profession to be able to perform adequate care, clear instructions and guidelines as well as ongoing training are needed. Nurses' attitudes and viewpoints also had a significant role in how they treated the women who had experienced violence in close relationship.

SAMMANFATTNING  Bakgrund  Att kvinnor utsätts för våld av sin partner är idag och har länge varit ett samhällsproblem. Våldet mot kvinnorna är något som medför allvarliga skador mot kvinnornas fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Det leder i sin tur vidare till bland annat ångest, depression, suicidtankar och självskada. Som sjuksköterska finns ett professionellt ansvar att lyfta och se dessa våldsutsatta kvinnor för att kunna ge god omvårdnad och stöd.  Syfte Syftet var att belysa lidandet hos kvinnor som utsatts för våld av sin manliga partner för att förstå betydelsen av mötet inom omvårdnad.   Metod En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt med totalt 17 inkluderade vetenskapliga artiklar som utgör resultatet i denna studie. Artiklarna togs fram med databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. De valda artiklarna analyserades och granskades utefter Sophiahemmets Högskolas bedömningsunderlag.  Resultat Resultatet i litteraturöversikten visade både negativa och positiva upplevelser av sjukvården hos kvinnor som utsatts för våld av sin manliga partner. Upplevelserna som resultatet tog fram visade sig främst vara negativa. Kvinnor visade sig ha olika upplevelser av första mötet med sjukvårdspersonalen som kunde handla om exempelvis att känna sig hörd, sedd och bekräftad medan de negativa upplevelserna kunde handla om tvärtemot, att inte känna sig hörd, sedd eller bekräftad. Resultatet delades in enligt två kategorier med fem respektive tre subkategorier.  Slutsats Våld i nära relation som utövas mot kvinnor av en manlig partner är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem som sjukvårdspersonal har behov av ökad utbildning inom för att kunna lindra lidande hos våldsutsatta kvinnor. Den fortsatta utbildningen kan förslagsvis behövas för att uppmärksamma våldet kvinnor utsätts för av sin manliga partner vilket kan vara till nytta för patienterna, närstående och samhället i stort. / ABSTRACT  Background The fact that women are exposed to violence by their partner is today and has for a long time been a societal problem. Violence against women is something that causes serious damage to women's physical and mental health. This in turn leads to anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts and self-harm. As a nurse, there is a professional responsibility to lift and see these abused women in order to give god care and support.  Aim The purpose was to shed light on the suffering of women who have been exposed to violence by their male partner in order to understand the importance of the encounter in nursing.   Method A non-systematic literature review with a total of 17 included scientific articles that constitute the result of this study. The articles were produced with the databases PubMed and CINAHL. The selected articles were analyzed and reviewed according to Sophiahemmet University's assessment data.  Results The results in the literature review showed both negative and positive experiences of healthcare in women who have been exposed to violence by their male partner. The experiences that the result produced turned out to be mainly negative. Women turned out to have different experiences of the first encounter with the healthcare staff, which could be for example feelings of being heard, seen and confirmed, while the negative experiences could be about not feeling heard, seen or confirmed. The results were divided into two categories with five and three subcategories, respectively.  Conclusions Intimate partner violence that is perpetrated against women by a male partner is a global public health problem in which healthcare professionals need increased training to be able to alleviate suffering in women exposed to intimate partner violence. Further education may be needed to pay attention to the violence women are exposed to by their male partner, which can be beneficial for patients, relatives, and society at large.

Våld i nära relationer mot kvinnor är ett samhällsproblem som oftast förekommer i det egna hemmet. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att identifiera dessa våldsutsatta kvinnor. Våldet påverkar både den psykiska och fysiska hälsan och en tidig upptäckt av våldet kan förbättra hälsan för den utsatta kvinnan. Det finns svårigheter i vården att identifiera samt möta kvinnors behov av vård på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Syftet är att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att identifiera våldsutsatta kvinnor på akutmottagning. Den här studien är en litteraturstudie som utgått från kvalitativa och kvantitativa forskningsartiklar. Artikelsökningen gjordes i PubMed och Cinahl. I resultatet framkom temana "Sjuksköterskans upplevda roll och ansvar", "Sjuksköterskans emotionella upplevelser", "Kunskap och strategier" samt "Arbetsplatsrelarerade faktorer". De faktorer som är en barriär för sjuksköterskans identifiering av våldsutsatta kvinnor är brist på rutiner och riktlinjer, bristande utbildning och kunskap, arbetsmiljö, fördomar och attityder samt känslomässig påverkan. För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna hjälpa våldsutsatta kvinnor behövs mer utbildning, kunskap och erfarenheter kring ämnet. Sjuksköterskor upplever att mer utbildning, kunskap, riktlinjer och rutiner är nödvändigt för att kunna identifiera kvinnor på akutmottagningen som utsatts för våld i nära relation. / Violence in intimate relationships against women is a societal problem that usually occurs in one's own home. The nurse has an important role in identifying these abused women. The violence affects both mental and physical health and an early detection of the violence can improve the health of the vulnerable woman. However, there are difficulties in identifying and meeting women's needs for care in a satisfactory manner. The purpose was to illustrate on nurses' experience of identifying abused women in the emergency department. This is a literature study based on various qualitative articles and various quantitative articles. The article search was done in PubMed and CINAHL. The results revealed two main themes; "The nurse's experienced role and responibility", "The nurse's emotional experience", "Knowledge and strategies" and "Workplace-related factors". Factors that are barriers to the nurse's identification of women exposed to violence are lack of routines and guidelines, lack of education and knowledge, work environment, prejudices and attitudes, and emotional impact. For the nurse to be able to help women exposed to domestic violence, more training, knowledge and experience on the subject is required. For the nurse to be able to identify women exposed to violence, improvement in education, knowledge, guidelines and routines is required.