Denna uppsats undersöker hur olika aktörer inom politik och juridik ser på landsbygdsutveckling i strandnära lägen, så kallade LIS-områden, som syftar till att bidra till landsbygdskommuners ekonomiska och demografiska utveckling i strandnära områden. Det empiriska materialet består uteslutande av domstolsreferat från Mark- och miljööverdomstolen samt riksdagsdebattprotokoll mellan åren 2012–2019 som analyserats kvalitativt. Sammanfattningsvis verkar naturvärden spela en liten roll vid juridiska överväganden om strandskyddsdispenser i strandnära lägen. Däremot används naturen och landskapet som argument för politiska ståndpunkter för eller emot ett förändrat strandskydd. En annan slutsats som kan dras från analysen är att länsstyrelserna i många fall hamnar i kläm mellan juridik och politik när man överprövar strandskyddsdispenser i landsbygdskommuner. Slutligen förefaller den allmänna politiska viljeriktningen i riksdagen idag gå mot att kommunerna delegeras mer makt till självbestämmande kring byggande i strandnära lägen och att strandskyddet kommer att bli alltmer selektivt i framtiden. / This essay explores how various actors within politics and law look upon rural development at waterfront locations, the so-called LIS-areas, which aims at contributing to the rural municipalities’ financial and demographic development in riparian areas. The empirical material is exclusively based on court reports from the Land and Environment High Court in Sweden and debate records from the Swedish Parliament between 2012-2019 which have been analysed qualitatively. In summary, nature seems to play a small role in court decisions about exemptions from the riparian law. However, nature and scenic landscapes are being used as political arguments for or against exemptions from the riparian law. Another conclusion from the analysis is that the Swedish County Boards are pushed into a tight corner between law and politics when they retry exemptions from the riparian law in rural municipalities. Finally, there is a common political direction of will, in the Swedish Parliament today, towards delegating more power to the municipalities for deciding on building in riparian areas and that beach protection will become more selective in the future.

Inscrite dans le champ de la géographie sociale et critique, cette thèse porte sur la marginalisation et l’exclusion socio-raciale sur les plages de la zone Sud de Rio de Janeiro dans une perspective intersectionnelle. Cette marginalisation doit autant à l’attention accrue des aménageurs et des planificateurs urbains pour les espaces publics de prestige qu’au souci des riverains pour leur cadre de vie, à leurs pratiques et appropriations individuelles qui sont aussi vectrices de mise à l’écart. À rebours du mythe de plages cariocas démocratiques, incarnation spatiale de la « démocratie raciale », je montre comment s’élaborent des imaginaires de corps légitimes, in place, et des stéréotypes de corps illégitimes, out of place, largement médiatisés par la diffusion de discours sécuritaires, consacrant à terme une ségrégation sur les plages. Ces stéréotypes sont spatialement construits : ils s’appuient sur les lignes de division sociales, économiques, raciales héritées de la période coloniale qui traversent la ville, opposant notamment zone Nord et zone Sud, et sur les imaginaires puissants qu’elles alimentent. Resserrant l’étude sur la jeunesse masculine noire originaire de quartiers défavorisés de Rio de Janeiro, je cherche enfin à comprendre quelles sont les appropriations possibles pour ceux les plus touchés par le stigmate et le sens conféré à la place occupée. Privilégiant une approche par les individus et le quotidien, ma recherche repose sur une méthode qualitative de type ethnographique mêlant entretiens compréhensifs, observation directe et participation observante, combinée à l’expérimentation d’une méthodologie de cartes sensibles auprès de ces enquêtés. / Set within in the field of social and critical geography, and adopting an inter-sectional perspective, this dissertation focuses on socio-racial marginalization and exclusion on the southern beaches of Rio de Janeiro. This marginalization phenomenon owes as much to the growing interest of developers and urban planners for prestige public spaces as it does to the concern of the local residents for their living environment, and their individual practices and appropriations that are further vectors of side-lining. Deconstructing the myth of democratic carioca beaches as a spatial embodiment of “racial democracy”, I will demonstrate how the imagination of legitimate bodies (“in place”) and the stereotypes of illegitimate bodies (“out of place”) are produced, in particular through extended securitarian media coverage that sanctions the idea of segregated beaches. Based on social, economical and racial division lines inherited from the colonial era that extend throughout the city, and particularly polarize its northern and southern areas, these stereotypes rely on the powerful imaginations these dividing lines fuel. They are the result of a spatial construct. Narrowing the study to that of young Black men from disadvantaged neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro, I finally seek to understand what appropriations are possible for those this stigma affects the most, and the meaning given to the places they occupy. Choosing an approach that focuses on individuals and everyday life, my research rests upon an ethnographic qualitative method which merges comprehensive interviews, direct observation and observant participation with the methodical experimentation of emotional mapping of those investigated.

Some years ago I stumbled upon and straight into the bliss of the tropical paradise when setting foot in a Tiki bar for the first time. The story behind this enchanting pop cultural institution unfolded a history built upon colonial power, cultural appropriation and hegemonies. This paper investigates the western construction of the tropical paradise and the power relations that it is built upon. The work revolves around processing my own attraction towards the tropical paradise and adressing how eurocentric narratives have been depicting Oceanic cultures, people and environments in Western popular culture. I approach this attraction by both researching the colonial history of Europeans presence in Oceania and how those events intertwine with our ideas of the paradise on earth today, as well as making objects, scenes and performances that alludes to the topic. At the end of this phase of the project, the colonial gaze that constructed the tropical paradise is turned towards the West itself in the making of the installation Civilization Bar.

Beach cusps, formed during a storm are observed. The storm acted for three hours together with high water conditions. These beach cusps exhibited a quasiuniform wavelength of 8 m. The measured topography after the storm, the calculated drift velocity of the incident wave and the synchronous edge wave are similar in scale and shape. The over one wavelength measured grain size is also correlated to the topography. A nonlinear hydro-numerical model is used to investigate the reaction of edge waves on alongshore change in bottom topography. Edge waves are greatly amplified over beach cusps. The relative amplification of edge waves on beach cusps is more than 17 times that without a change in longshore topography. Amplification is slightly greater for edge waves travelling in the same direction as the longshore current during the storm. An almost random positioning of sediment starts a feedback loop, which allows edge waves to grow and build short periodic cusps.

Over 3.7 million people are in high risk of coastal flooding and live within 1 mile of high tide in the US alone. The Atlantic coast is one of the most vulnerable areas due to its low elevation, large population, and economic importance (Bray, et. al, 2016). Coastal municipalities in the region of Southeast Florida, such as the cities of Miami, Miami Beach, Fort Lauderdale, etc., are at especial risk from coastal flooding related to sea level rise. The US National Climate Assessment has named Miami, Florida as the economically most vulnerable city impacted by this sea level rise in the world (Melillo et. al, 2014). Virtually all coastal communities in Southeast Florida are now experiencing increased incidents of coastal tidal flooding and coastal storm flooding related to sea level rise. This has led to a variety of responses by coastal communities in how to address this issue. In the case of the City of Miami Beach, the city has [CS1] come up with an ambitious but expensive plan to help combat the increased urban coastal flooding that is now occurring multiple times a year. They invested over 500 million dollars into replacing the increasingly less-effective gravity-based drainage system with a pump-based system (Bray, et. al, 2016). With these influences, we hypothesized that microbial communities would significantly differ between three years (2014-2016) and that the potential pathogens would increase over the past years . Genetic analyses of the 16S rRNA V4 region yielded a total of 77,346 unique bacterial OTUs from a total of 96 samples collected monthly for three years from 2014-2016. The most abundant OTU within the whole sample set was New.ReferenceOTU407 or Arcobacter in the Campylobacter family with an overall abundance of 0.008232535481%.The second most abundant organism in the sample set was Bacillus, or OTUNew.CleanUp.ReferenceOTU121132, with an overall abundance of .007797807097%. Bacillusmay cause many more foodborne illness than is known and one main reason that there is not more reported cases is because people do not seek medical attention (FDA 2012). The remaining pathogens except for Serratia, Pleisomonas, and Cronobacter were all with an abundance over .001%, with Salmonella, Yersinia,andListeria not being identified at all within the data set. By showing that genetic signatures for this bacterium, especially Arcobacter,was present in more than half of the samples stresses the importance of better understanding of the microbial population within South Florida waters and how to prevent or reduce future outbreaks by making sure the water is treated correctly before use, and to better identify potential exposure sources in water.

Jantzen Beach Shopping Center is an anomaly on the landscape challenging traditional criteria for the location of regional shopping centers. Located on Hayden Island on the Oregon side of the border, it has access from only one exit in each direction off the Interstate 5 freeway. The predominantly industrial and recreational land use of the region within a five minute travel time from the shopping center results in an exceptionally small adjacent residential population. Its potential trade area is further limited by the intervening shopping opportunity for Washington residents afforded by the Vancouver central business district which lies adjacent to the Interstate freeway two miles to the north. Interviews established that because of the uneven economic growth within the SMSA, the shopping center was located on the Oregon side of the border due to Portland’s larger population and the propensity for Clark County residents to shop in Oregon to avoid sales tax.

Coastal habitats are highly dynamic and vulnerable to landscape-level disturbances such as storms and restoration projects. Along the east coast of Florida these areas are particularly valuable as they provide significant nesting habitat for two sea turtle species, the threatened loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and the endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas). This coast was heavily impacted by three major hurricanes in 2004 and in some areas by large restoration projects in 2005. Recent remote sensing methods allow for broad evaluation of the shoreline and thus the ability to assess sea turtle nesting habitat at a landscape scale. I collected nesting data for southern Brevard County, Florida from 1989 – 2005 and for Canaveral National Seashore, Florida from 1995 – 2005. I used LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and IfSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) remote sensing to map sea turtle nesting habitat in both areas following the 2004 hurricanes and any subsequent restoration. Canaveral National Seashore underwent no restoration while southern Brevard County received extensive restoration. Topographic variables (e.g., total sand volume, width, and slope) derived from the remote sensing data were compared across three time periods (pre-hurricane, posthurricane, and recovery period) and I compared nesting success data from 2004 to 2005. I built regression models for 2004 and 2005 to determine which topographic features influenced loggerhead and green turtle nesting the most. Green turtle nesting success declined from 2004 to 2005 only in highly restored areas while loggerhead nesting sucess declined throughout. Hurricanes caused a reduction in most of the topographic variables and restoration predominantly impacted aspects of the beach profile (e.g. slope and width). Loggerheads responded to profile characteristics (e.g. upper and lower iii beach slopes) though green turtles showed no consistent response to topography. The results indicate that both loggerheads and green turtles are sensitive to beach restoration, although loggerhead nesting is more influenced by beach morphology and green turtle nesting may be influenced more by other dune features such as vegetation cover.

<p> The prime objective is to define and characterize the various coastal environments in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The research, Hhich utilizes both secondary source information and actual field observations, takes into account coastal morphology, beach profile, sediment types, sea ice conditions, tidal range, depth of the frost table and wave energy. From a total of twelve coastal divisions based on the criteria of coastal morphology, tidal conditions and length of open water season, five have been chosen as t he basic coastal environ ments of the Arctic Archipelago. They are as follows: the Arctic Coastal Plain, the Ice Shelf, the Fiord environment, the High Straight coastal environment, and the Ridge and Valley coastal environment. Field observations within the last three environments provided additional evidence for the divisions and observations on the beach and nearshore characteristics at five selected locations. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

<p>This thesis explores the intersection of storytelling and spirituality in contemporary Native literature in Canada. The invocation of the oral tradition and its history will be examined in the works of Eden Robinson, Joseph Boyden, and Harry Robinson, as each author attempts to orient his or her narratives within a First Nations framework. By gesturing towards orality in their written literature, these authors acknowledge the dialogic nature of a narrative that has been shaped by ancestral experiences and memory and thus write against the colonial master narrative of the contemporary Canadian nation-state. In Joseph Boyden's <em>Through Black Spruce</em>, Eden Robinson's <em>Monkey Beach</em>, and the transcribed collections of Harry Robinson's stories, the invocation of orality becomes the vehicle through which to explore Indigenous ways of knowing and traditional spiritual beliefs. This thesis first considers the ways in which the mode of storytelling allows each author to create a new narrative that introduces readers to an Indigenous perspective on the processes of history. It then examines the evolution of specific spiritual beings from traditional narratives into contemporary settings as a way to explore neocolonial attitudes and the compromised contexts of modern Indigenous life in communities across Canada that continue to be haunted by a legacy of colonialism. I end with an exploration of the potential for healing that each author envisions as communities move into a decolonization process through the regeneration of tribal languages, a reconnection to sacred space, and a reimagining of the Canadian master narrative and its colonial interpretation of history.</p> / Master of English