Com o objetivo de se conhecer a comunidade zooplanctônica da zona de arrebentação da Praia de Tramandaí – RS e identificar a variação sazonal das espécies e sua relação com os padrões de ventos e influências de massas de água, foram realizadas 24 amostragens com intervalo de quinze dias entre agosto de 2005 e agosto de 2006. Dados de temperatura do ar e da água, salinidade, velocidade do vento e direção do vento e da corrente de deriva foram obtidos no campo no momento de cada coleta. A concentração de clorofila-a foi obtida em laboratório, assim como a identificação e quantificação do zooplâncton e sua biomassa em peso seco. Copepoda foi o grupo mais diverso com maior importância representada pela espécie Temora turbinata, seguida de Acartia tonsa e Subeucalanus pileatus. O misidáceo Metamysidopsis elongata atlantica apresentou entre todos os taxa encontrados, a maior freqüência de ocorrência e abundância relativa, correspondendo a grande parte da biomassa em peso seco encontrada. Biomassa de zooplâncton e clorofila-a não apresentaram correlação significativa, apresentando picos de 96 mg.m-³ e 138 μg.L-¹, respectivamente. O copépode Ctenocalanus vanus, apesar de originário de Águas Subantárticas e Subtropicais foi freqüente na região de estudo e a falta de conhecimento sobre seu comportamento e exigências reprodutivas nos levou a realizar testes de laboratório que permitiram observar sua forma de desova e eclosão, assim como estimar valores de produção de ovos, pelotas fecais e náuplios em duas dietas diferentes. Assim os dados levantados servirão de base para novos estudos que permitam um maior entendimento dos processos que ocorrem na coluna d’água da Praia de Tramandaí - RS. / This article aims at the research of the zooplanktonic community of the Tramandaí Beach – RS surf zone and at the identification of the seasonal variation of the species; its relations with wind patterns and water mass influence. To reach such objective, 24 samplings were done between August 2005 and August 2006 at intervals of fifteen days. Data about air and water temperature, salinity, wind speed, drift current, and wind direction were collected in the field at the same time of each sampling. The chlorophyll-a concentration was measured in laboratory as well as the identification and quantification of the zooplankton and its dry biomass. Copepoda was the most diverse group. Temora turbinata was the most important species followed by Acartia tonsa and Subeucalanus pileatus. The Mysidacea Metamysidopsis elongata atlantica expressed the highest frequency of occurrence and relative abundance among all taxa, corresponding to a considerable part of the total dry biomass. Zooplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a did not present significant correlation. The highest concentrations found were 96 mg.m-³ and 138 μg.L-¹ respectively. In spite of being originated in Subtropical and sub-Antarctic waters, the copepod Ctenocalanus vanus was frequently found in the study area. Because of the lack of knowledge about their behaviour and reproductive requirements, we accomplished laboratorial tests which allowed the observation of their kind of spawning and hatching. It also allowed estimating at the number of eggs, fecal pellets and number of nauplius in two different diets. Such data is going to be the basis for new studies to provide a higher understanding of the processes occurring in the water column of Tramandaí Beach - RS

Tese(doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2012. / Submitted by Cristiane Gomides (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-11-19T12:24:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernanda.pdf: 1386021 bytes, checksum: e67fec86c13546d730d06a2d26086f69 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Angelica Miranda (angelicacdm@gmail.com) on 2013-11-20T21:40:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernanda.pdf: 1386021 bytes, checksum: e67fec86c13546d730d06a2d26086f69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-20T21:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernanda.pdf: 1386021 bytes, checksum: e67fec86c13546d730d06a2d26086f69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Na zona de arrebentação de praias arenosas e expostas ocorrem acumulações de diatomáceas, as quais são importantes produtores primários. Visando entender se existe uma variação espacial e temporal do fitoplâncton na zona de arrebentação da Praia do Cassino, foram analisadas semanalmente cinco estações no período de deposição lama (maio a julho de 2009), e posteriormente (agosto de 2009 a abril 2010) três estações quinzenalmente ao longo de 21 km. As relações entre variáveis ambientais e a composição e biomassa do fitoplâncton foram comparadas, verificando-se que a deposição de lama influenciou a transparência da água, mas não foi detectada diferença significativa entre os valores médios de nutrientes e de clorofila a nas estações ao longo do ano. As diatomáceas foram dominantes, destacando-se a contribuição de cêntricas unicelulares do microplâncton e Skeletonema spp., e das penadas Asterionellopsis glacialis e Pseudo-nitzschia sp. Porém, a densidade de A. glacialis encontrada neste ano foi menor do que em anos anteriores, enquanto os gêneros planctônicos Skeletonema e Pseudo-nitzschia apareceram em alta densidade. Em laboratório foram realizados experimentos curtos com enriquecimento de nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos testando-se ao todo sete proporções de silicato, nitrato e fosfato, com objetivo de determinar sua influência sobre as microalgas da Praia do Cassino. Como resultado, a biomassa fitoplanctônica exibiu um aumento significativo nos tratamentos com adição de nitrato, independentemente da proporção adicionada, indicando que o nitrato é o nutriente mais importante no controle da biomassa e do crescimento das diatomáceas da Praia do Cassino. / In the surf zone of exposed sandy beaches significant accumulations of diatoms occur, which are important primary producers. In order to determine the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton in the surf zone, five and three stations were studied in the period with mud deposition (weekly sampling, May to July 2009) and without (every two weeks, August 2009 to April 2010), respectively, along 21 km of Cassino Beach. The relationships among environmental variables and phytoplankton composition and concentration were compared. The influence of mud was evident on the water transparency, but not on the mean values of nutrients and chlorophyll a. The diatoms were dominant, emphasizing the contribution of the unicellular centric microplankton and Skeletonema spp., and the pennates Asterionellopsis glacialis and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. However, the density of A. glacialis found in this study was lower than in previous years. Moreover, the planktonic species Skeletonema and Pseudo-nitzschia appeared in high density. In laboratory, short experiments were performed with dissolved inorganic nutrient enrichment by testing seven proportions of silicate, nitrate and phosphate, in order to determine their influence on the microalgae from Cassino Beach. In both experiments, density showed a significant increase (mainly diatoms) in the treatments with nitrate addition, regardless of the proportion added, showing that nitrate is the most important nutrient controlling diatoms density and growth at the sandy Cassino Beach.

Orientador: Ana Maria Goulart de Azevedo Tozzi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T18:24:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_EdsonDiasda_D.pdf: 12200976 bytes, checksum: 79cc0fa88c35507c64b4c435c1d6f438 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Considerada a quinta área mais ameaçada e rica em espécies no mundo, a Floresta Atlântica está atualmente reduzida a pequenos fragmentos florestais, que representam apenas 7,6% da formação original. Inventários florísticos e estudos fitossociológicos realizados em várias regiões da Floresta Atlântica já estão oferecendo evidências da importância da família Leguminosae na composição e estrutura desse bioma. O presente estudo traz o inventário das espécies de Leguminosae que ocorrem em uma área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa do litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, entre Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia em altitudes que variam desde a restinga, próximo do nível do mar, até a vegetação do topo dos morros do Cuscuzeiro, Seringa e Corcovado, entre 1000 e 1200 m altitude. O levantamento florístico envolveu coletas de plantas arbóreas, arbustivas, herbáceas e lianas e foi realizado mensalmente entre 2006 e 2009 percorrendo trilhas nas diferentes fitofisionomias. A família Leguminosae está bem representada na Floresta Ombrófila Densa dos Núcleos Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia (140 espécies), sendo 18 Caesalpinioideae, 42 Mimosoideae e 80 Papilionoideae. Sessenta e uma espécies possuem hábito arbóreo, 56 são subarbustos e arbustos e 23 são lianas. É apresentada uma lista de gêneros e espécies com suas respectivas descrições, ilustrações, informações sobre hábitat, distribuição geográfica, períodos de floração e frutificação, além de chaves para a identificação específica, discussão sobre semelhanças fenotípicas e delimitação taxonômica. A análise de agrupamento realizada para 13 faixas altimétricas distintas revelou a existência de pelo menos três conjuntos ao longo do gradiente: um formado pelas espécies que ocorrem de 0-50 m, correspondente a Floresta de Restinga, outro ocorrendo de 800 a 1200 m, na faixa mais alta da Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana e outro de 50 a 500 m, que abrange a Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas + Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana. A Floresta de Restinga apresentou a menor similaridade com as demais cotas altitudinais considerando todas as espécies levantadas ou apenas as subarbustivas e arbustivas. As árvores indicam a Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana como a formação com a menor similaridade com as demais faixas altitudinais. A Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas e a Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana apresentaram maior similaridade, indicando haver alto compartilhamento de espécies entre essas duas fitofisionomias. As espécies da família Leguminosae, apesar de ocorrerem de forma bastante expressiva até os 1000 m, mostram-se mais adaptadas a ocupar áreas de menor altitude, entre 0 e 500 m, apresentando comparativamente menor riqueza específica nas áreas de maior altitude (1100 a 1200 m). Vinte e seis espécies de Leguminosae encontradas na área de estudo são endêmicas da Floresta Atlântica. / Abstract: Considered the fifth most endangered and richest in species area in the world, the Atlantic Forest is presently reduced to small forest fragments, which represent just 7,6% of the original formation. Floristic inventories and phytosociological studies accomplished in several regions of the Atlantic Forest are already offering evidences of the importance of the Leguminosae family in the composition and structure of this biome. This study brings the inventory of the Leguminosae species which occur in an area of Ombrophilous Dense Forest from the north coast of the state of São Paulo, in Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia in altitudes that vary from the Restinga Forest, close to the sea level, to the vegetation at the top of the Cuscuzeiro, Seringa e Corcovado mountains, between 1,000 at 1,200 meters of altitude. The floristic survey involved the collecting of herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas and was done monthly between 2006 and 2009 going through range in the different phytophysiognomies. The Leguminosae family is well represented in the Ombrophilous Dense Forest of Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia nucleus (140 species), being 18 Caesalpinioideae, 42 Mimosoideae and 80 Papilionoideae. Sixty-one species have arboreal habit, 56 are shrubs and 23 are lianas. A list is presented of the genera and species with their corresponding descriptions, illustrations, habit information, geographical distribution, flowering and fruiting periods and also keys to the specific identification, discussion on phenotipic similarities and taxonomic delimitation. The clustering analysis performed to 13 different altimetric range revealed the existence of at least three groups along the gradient: one formed by the species which occur from 0-50 m, corresponding to the Restinga Forest, another occurring from 800 to 1,200 m, on the highest level of Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest and another from 50 to 500 m which comprises the Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest and the Submontane Ombrophilous Dense Forest. The Restinga Forest presented the smallest similarity to the other altitudinal quotas considering all the studied species or just the shrubs. The trees indicate the Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest as the formation with the smallest similarity to the other altimetric range. The Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest and the Submontane Ombrophilous Dense Forest presented the greatest similarity, showing the existence of a great species share between these two phytophysiognomies. The Leguminosae family species seem most adapted to occupy lower altitude areas, between 0 and 500 m, comparatively presenting a smaller richness in highest altitude areas (1,100 to 1,200 m). Twenty-six Leguminosae species found in the studied area are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. / Doutorado / Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Aspectos da biologia populacional de Mellita quinquiesperforata foram estudados na praia da TaÃba, Cearà (03Â30,125âS; 038Â54,469âW), no perÃodo de junho de 2006 a agosto de 2007. A altura, perÃodo das ondas, temperatura, salinidade e granulometria foram registrados. Os dados de pluviosidade foram obtidos atravÃs da FundaÃÃo Cearense de Metereologia e Recursos HÃdricos (FUNCEME). Perfis de praia, parÃmetros adimensional de Dean (&#937;) e escalar da arrebentaÃÃo (&#931;), Ãndices da Praia (BI) e da ExtensÃo Relativa da Marà (RTR) foram calculados para a descriÃÃo do estado morfodinÃmico praial. Os animais foram coletados atravÃs de arrastos perpendiculares à praia, divididos em duas faixas de coleta (0-30m e 30-60m de distÃncia da zona de varrido das ondas). Para a anÃlise do ciclo reprodutivo, foram retiradas, mensalmente, as gÃnadas de 30 indivÃduos adultos com largura superior a 40mm, 20 delas para o processamento histolÃgico e 10 para o Ãndice Gonadal (IG). As cÃlulas iniciais e os estÃgios de desenvolvimento gonadal foram caracterizados, e cerca de 100 ovÃcitos foram medidos por mÃs. As mÃdias do IG foram testadas atravÃs da anÃlise de variÃncia unifatorial (ANOVA). Os indivÃduos coletados foram divididos em classes de tamanho com 20mm de amplitude. Para a anÃlise da distribuiÃÃo espacial foi calculada a densidade mÃdia por faixa de coleta e os valores foram plotados no software Sigma Plot (versÃo 10.0). Histogramas de freqÃÃncias de classes de 5mm (largura) foram analisados com o auxÃlio do software FISAT II (VersÃo 1.2.2) para a determinaÃÃo dos parÃmetros da curva de crescimento, recrutamento e mortalidade. AnÃlises de correlaÃÃo de Spearman (STATISTICA versÃo 6.0) relacionaram os parÃmetros ambientais com a densidade e com os estÃgios do desenvolvimento gonadal. Salinidade e pluviosidade apresentaram variaÃÃes significativas durante o perÃodo de estudo e a classificaÃÃo mÃdia do sedimento foi composta por areia fina. Os valores do parÃmetro de Dean (&#937;) e do BI classificaram a praia como intermediÃria, com perfis topogrÃficos apresentando diferenÃas durante o estudo. Os valores do parÃmetro escalar da arrebentaÃÃo indicaram dissipaÃÃo das ondas, e o RTR indicou a aÃÃo das marÃs como principal modificadora dos perfis de praia. DiferenÃas na coloraÃÃo das gÃnadas puderam caracterizar macroscopicamente o sexo; as fÃmeas apresentaram gÃnadas de cor lilÃs, enquanto que os machos, cor creme. As cÃlulas da linhagem germinativa e o padrÃo de desenvolvimento foram semelhantes aos equinÃides em geral, com um ciclo reprodutivo caracterizado pela freqÃÃncia de indivÃduos em estÃgio de reserva de nutrientes. De modo geral, machos e fÃmeas apresentaram sincronismo no desenvolvimento gonadal. A alocaÃÃo de nutrientes està relacionada à manutenÃÃo da espÃcie na zona de surfe e ao investimento no tamanho do gameta feminino. A densidade dos organismos apresentou diferenÃas significativas ao longo do estudo (p<0,01); o mÃs de novembro de 2006 apresentou a maior densidade, caracterizando o evento do recrutamento. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa na distribuiÃÃo dos organismos dentre as faixas, embora exista uma tendÃncia à separaÃÃo de jovens e adultos, estando os primeiros mais prÃximos à linha de costa. Apenas os organismos entre 60-80mm foram mais abundantes significativamente na faixa 2 (30-60m). Foi verificada uma alta taxa de crescimento e mortalidade para a espÃcie, com longevidade estimada de 2,36 anos. A salinidade apresentou correlaÃÃo positiva significativa com a densidade, enquanto a pluviosidade apresentou correlaÃÃes com os estÃgios do desenvolvimento gonadal. Os resultados sugerem que em Mellita quinquiesperforata os fatores ambientais sÃo tÃo importantes quanto as demandas fisiolÃgicas. / Population biology aspects of Mellita quinquiesperforata were studied in TaÃba Beach, state of Cearà (03Â30,125âS; 038Â54,469âW) between June of 2006 and August of 2007. Wave height, period, temperature, salinity and granulometry were registered. Pluviosity data was obtained from FundaÃÃo Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos HÃdricos (FUNCEME). Cross-shore profile, Dimentionless Deanâs Parameter (&#937;), Surf Scale Parameter (&#931;), Beach Index (BI) and Relative Tidal Range (RTR) were calculated for the morphodynamic beach description. Animals were sampled using a dredge perpendicular to the beach, divided into two line-transects (0 â 30 m and 30 â 60 m distant from the wave washing-zone). Monthly, the gonads of 30 adults with width superior to 40 mm were removed for the reproductive cycle analyses, 20 for histological processing and 10 for Gonad Index (GI), respectively. The initial cells and the gonad development stages were characterized and the average of 100 oocytes were measured a month. GI means were tested through unifatorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). Individuals were divided in size classes of 20 mm amplitude. Values of spatial distribution were calculated using the mean density in the sampling line-transect, results were plotted using the software Sigma Plot (10.0 version). Frequency class histograms of 5 mm (wide) were analyzed using software FISAT II (1.2.2 version) for determination of growth, recruitment and mortality. Spearman correlation analysis (STATISTICA 6.0 version) compared environmental parameters with density and the gonad development stages. Salinity and pluviosity presented significant variations during the study period and average classification of the sediment was composed by fine sand. Deanâs parameter (&#937;) and BI values classified the beach as intermediate, with topographic profile presenting differences during the study. The values of the surf scale parameter indicated a dissipation of waves and the RTR indicated the tidal action as the main modifier of the beach profile. Differences in the gonad colour could macroscopicaly classify gender; females presented lilac coloured gonad and males presented creamy coloured gonad. Germinative cells lineage and development patterns were similar, in general, to echinoids, with reproductive cicle characterized by the frequency of individuals in the nutrient reserve stage. In general, males and females presented synchronism in the gonadal development. The allocation of nutrients is related to the maintenance of the species in the surf-zone and the investment in the size of the females gamete. Organism densities presented significant differences (p < 0,01) along the study period; the month of november of 2006 presented highest density, characterizing the recruitment event. There were no significant differences in the organisms distribution along the transect-lines, although there is a tendency to separate juveniles from adults, where the former are nearest to the shoreline. Only 60 â 80 mm organisms were significantly more abundant in the transect-line 2 zone (30 â 60 m). It was observed a high growth rate and mortality for this species with longevity estimated in 2.36 years. Salinity was positively correlated with density, while pluviosity presented correlation with the gonad development stages. Results suggests that for Mellita quinquiesperforata the environmental factors are as important as the physiological demand.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta dissertaÃÃo mostrarà aspectos relevantes sobre a real situaÃÃo na Ãrea das barracas da Praia do Futuro, especialmente no tocante aos aspectos referentes à funÃÃo socioambiental da propriedade urbana e da justiÃa ambiental. O trabalho ora exposto tambÃm pretende fazer uma exposiÃÃo dos motivos pelos quais os barraqueiros encontram-se irregulares perante à UniÃo, fato este que ensejou uma AÃÃo civil PÃblica em 2005, contando como autores o MinistÃrio PÃblico Federal, a UniÃo e, posteriormente, o prÃprio MunicÃpio de Fortaleza, visto que vÃrios deles encontram-se, muito possivelmente, em faixa de praia, sendo esta um bem de uso comum do povo, de propriedade da UniÃo e no qual à proibida edificaÃÃes. Os terrenos de marinha e a linha de preamar tambÃm sÃo objetos de discÃrdia, especialmente entre os membros do judiciÃrio, tendo como explicaÃÃo a prÃpria legislaÃÃo jà muito ultrapassada e antiga, fato este que prejudica medidas judiciais rÃpidas e consistentes. A funÃÃo socioambiental da propriedade urbana à um dos principais pontos de explanaÃÃo no decorrer desta dissertaÃÃo, pois a real proprietÃria do local onde estÃo Ãs barracas à da UniÃo e a maioria dos barraqueiros, sem autorizaÃÃo, construiu e ampliou seus negÃcios, impedindo o uso de todos da Ãrea da praia, alÃm de causar ainda mais danos ambientais para a regiÃo, o que fere nÃo somente o meio ambiente natural, como tambÃm a dignidade dos banhistas que nÃo possuem o capital suficiente para se utilizarem dos produtos fornecidos pelas barracas. Outro ponto de grande importÃncia à o da justiÃa ambiental, ou seja, os danos ambientais advindos dos resÃduos das barracas deveriam ser compartilhados por todos, especialmente o poluidor (princÃpio do poluidor-pagador), mas, infelizmente, nÃo existe a chamada equidade ambiental no local. / This dissertation will explain relevant aspects about the real situation of the tents in the area of Praia do Futuro, especially about the social and environment function of urban property and the environmental justice. The paper also exposed now intends to make a exposition of the reasons for which are irregular the ownerâs of the tents before the Union, a fact which led to a Public civil Action in 2005, as the authors tell the Federal Public Ministry, the Union and, later, the Municipality itself Fortaleza, since several of them are mostly possible in the strip of beach, which is an asset of common use of Federal property and buildings is prohibited. The tide lands and high tide line are also objects of contention, especially among members of the judiciary, with the explanation of the legislation itself already very outdated and old, a fact tent undermines legal action fast and consistent. The role of social and environmental urban property is one of the main points of explanation in the course of this work, because the real owner of the place where the tents are is from the Union and most of the ownerâs of the tents, without authorization, builded and expanded their businesses, preventing the use of all of the area beach, apart from causing further environmental damage to the region, which hurts not only the natural environment, but also the dignity of bathers who do not have enough capital to use the products provided by the tents. Another point of great importance is the environmental justice, or environmental damage arising out of the tents of waste should be shared by all, especially the polluter (the principle of polluter pays), but unfortunately, there is so-called equity in environment site.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-03-12T20:23:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anapauladessupoiochaves.pdf: 3358864 bytes, checksum: 1fdaafcadb68bcbfe721194ee34600dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T19:14:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anapauladessupoiochaves.pdf: 3358864 bytes, checksum: 1fdaafcadb68bcbfe721194ee34600dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T19:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anapauladessupoiochaves.pdf: 3358864 bytes, checksum: 1fdaafcadb68bcbfe721194ee34600dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-02 / A presente pesquisa analisa o conteúdo de moda na praia veiculado na revista O Cruzeiro, produzida no Rio de Janeiro, que circulou em território nacional no período de 1928 a 1985. O recorte utilizado, aqui, é de 1928 até 1943. A baliza inicial, 1928 – o ano de fundação do impresso –, e a final, 1943, foi escolhida por ser o momento em que a revista sofreu uma importante reconfiguração no que diz respeito ao material fotográfico, a partir da adoção do modelo da fotorreportagem, que passou a predominar no periódico. O período também permite observar como era a moda praia antes da criação do biquíni, em 1946. Em 1928, o hábito de ir à praia já tinha se popularizado e, consequentemente, o impresso passou a exibir em colunas femininas condutas de como se portar nesse ambiente. Tais colunas acabaram por, entre outras coisas, propagar normas de elegância, beleza, saúde e comportamento, principalmente inspiradas nos padrões franceses. O material sobre a moda na praia em O Cruzeiro também foi marcado pela influência estadunidense, pois fotografias das atrizes de Hollywood vestindo trajes de banho eram frequentes na revista. Pretendemos, em especial, observar, a partir dos textos e imagens veiculados em O Cruzeiro, como esse material sobre a praia pode servir de modelo de como se portar e se apresentar em tal espaço para os leitores espalhados por todo o território nacional, ao mesmo tempo em que colabora para a propagação de novos hábitos e modas. A revista, de certa maneira, através da difusão da cultura de praia, fez do Rio de Janeiro o ideal de modernidade para o país. / The present study analyzes the beach fashion content published in the magazine O Cruzeiro, produced in Rio de Janeiro, which circulated in the national territory from 1928 to 1985. The period analyzed was from 1928 until 1943. The initial beacon, 1928 - the year the magazine was founded - and the final one, 1943, were chosen because it is the moment in which the magazine undergoes an important reconfiguration concerning the photographic material, due to the adoption of a photojournalistic style that ended up predominating in the publication. The period also allows us to observe how beach fashion was before the creation of the bikini, in 1946. In 1928, the habit of going to the beach had already become popular and, consequently, the magazine started to display in female columns how to behave on the beach, which ended up, among other things, propagating standards of elegance, beauty, health and behavior, mainly inspired by French standards. The material about beach fashion in O Cruzeiro is also marked by American influence, as photographs of Hollywood actresses wearing bathing suits were frequent in the magazine. We intend, in particular, to observe and note, from the texts and images published in O Cruzeiro, how the images and texts about the beach could serve as a model of how to behave and present yourself on the beach for the readers spread throughout the national territory, while at the same time contributed to spread new habits and fashion. The magazine, in a way, through the diffusion of the beach culture, made Rio de Janeiro the ideal of modernity for the country.

Orientador: Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_MarcelloAlves_D.pdf: 5073281 bytes, checksum: 027ba899f00acc6bc233ace29fbdc052 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: As discussões sobre a paisagem, seus cenários através dos tempos, seu comportamento dinâmico e a integração das atividades humanas com o meio físico, no qual estão inseridas são de profundo interesse de diversas ciências buscando assim novas formas de compreender o momento presente. Inundações, enchentes, desmoronamentos, chuvas intensas e marés muito elevadas passaram, nos últimos anos a fazer parte de nosso cotidiano informacional. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de análise em escala municipal abordando os eventos denominados de marés extremas que podem ocasionar diversos problemas às infra-estruturais como inundações e erosões costeiras, transformando a paisagem. As análises propostas partiram da detecção de eventos de marés extremas para os anos de 2002, 2003, 2004 e a relação com os períodos lunares de quadratura e sizígia. Utilizando-se da técnica estatística de Regressão Linear Múltipla, avaliou-se em escala anual e para semana que antecede os eventos extremos, as relações existentes de Variação de Maré extrema com a Temperatura, a Velocidade do Vento, as Chuvas e a Umidade Relativa. Analisou-se também a transformação da paisagem de forma temporal com um intervalo de 20 anos (1987 - 2007), frente aos parâmetros - Uso da Terra, Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) e as Variações da Temperatura, onde os resultados obtidos nas análises apontaram para supressão de áreas naturais, o adensamento da malha urbana, assim como um aumento da temperatura entre os anos. Os estudos apontaram detectaram que as marés extremas estão relacionadas ao evento do El Nino, em que foram observados marés da ordem de 1,2 a 1,92 metros (exagerei). Os ventos, a umidade e a temperatura, apesar de baixa correlação, são componentes que indicam a presença de sistemas frontais que proporcionam variações extremas. As marés altas provocam inundação e erosão costeiras em áreas vulneráveis, que estão em processo de maior adensamento urbano e os resultados da simulação de maré extrema no município de Itanhaém - São Paulo - Brasil indicaram que as áreas mais afetadas são justamente as áreas que mais se adensaram ao longo do período monitorado / Abstract: Discussions on the landscape, their scenarios through the ages, its dynamic behavior and integration of human activities with the physical environment in which they operate are of deep interest in various sciences thus seeking new ways to understand the present moment. Floods, floods, landslides, heavy rains and high tides have passed much in recent years to be part of our daily informational. Therefore, this work presents a proposal for a municipal scale analysis covering the events called extreme tides that can cause many problems for infrastructure such as flooding and coastal erosion, transforming the landscape. The analyzes proposed departed detection of extreme tidal events for the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and compared with lunar periods of neap and spring tides. Using the statistical technique of multiple linear regressions was evaluated on an annual scale and week preceding extreme events, the relations of Variation of Tide with extreme temperature, the speed of the wind, the rain and Relative Humidity. It was also analyzed the transformation of the landscape temporally with an interval of 20 years (1987 - 2007), compared to parameters - Land Use, Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the variations of temperature, where the results in analyzes showed suppression of natural areas, densification of the urban as well as an increase in temperature among years. The studies showed that the detected extreme tides are related to the El Nino event, where tides were observed in the range from 1.2 to 1.92 meters (exaggerated). The winds, humidity and temperature, although low correlation, are components that indicate the presence of frontal systems that deliver extreme variations. The high tides cause flooding and coastal erosion in vulnerable areas, which are in the process of higher urban density and the simulation results of extreme tide in the city of Itanhaém - São Paulo - Brazil indicated that the most affected areas are precisely the areas that most denser over the period monitored / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutor em Ciências

Some of the sand dune areas in the bay of Laholm have a protection value from a European perspective. The head questions for this study were: In what way does a beach have value for the people who live nearby? What activities are being practiced in the bay of Laholm during the different seasons? A didactic reflection follows in relation to the courses Geography 1 and 2 in the Swedish upper secondary school. The theoretical framework was Haggett (1983). He talks about the beach as a metaphor for the world. The chosen method was a sound-recorded and transcribed interviews with anonymous adults, who live near the beach in the Bay of Laholm. The result demonstrates how the beach was valuable for all the respondents in different ways. The categories for question one were: Optimism, conflict of interests, disharmony, freedom and beach relation. The result also showed how different activities were taking place at the beach both during the bathing season and off season. The categories for question two were: Movement, location, obstacle, entertainment and recovery. Is there any connection between the fact that the respondents live close to the beach and how they value the beach? If the beach is associated with negativity, does it affect the chosen activity? In Geography 1 and 2, the beach could be a theme to work with in several central contents. Haggett’s metaphor is also a suitable foundation. The hidden curriculum is important in this context - what values is created by the chosen content? In Geography 1 and 2, the teaching should be based not only on the central content, but also with the abilities and the knowledge requirements. Future research could investigate how valuable the beach is for people who live further away and what kind of activities there are at other beaches in Sweden.

Le littoral est en France le premier espace fréquenté pour des pratiques touristiques devant la ville, la montagne et l’espace rural. Cette attractivité pose la question de l’organisation et de la gestion des bords de mer dans un contexte de littoralisation des sociétés et de sensibilisation toujours plus importante des gestionnaires aux problématiques environnementales. Centrée sur une analyse micro-géographique de la plage en tant qu’espace récréatif, la thèse démontre et explique que l’organisation et le fonctionnement de cet espace, dépendent de logiques de l’interrelation et des attentes spatiales des usagers. Après un cadrage conceptuel, l’espace de pratique plage est analysé à travers les éléments qui caractérisent l’espace d’installation et la population de plageurs le fréquentant. Les dimensions cachées structurant les dynamiques et les formes de répartition des fréquentations sont ensuite abordées. Nous les analysons à l’échelle des individus et des groupes d’individus, puis à l’échelle de l’espace de pratique, à travers les distances entre les personnes et les densités d’occupation observées dans l’espace d’étude. La recherche aborde enfin la question des attentes spatiales sur la plage comme élément d’explication du fonctionnement de l’espace de pratique. Entre recherche de tranquillité ou de sociabilité, recherche d’espaces sauvages ou artificialisés, rapport ordinaire ou extra-ordinaire à la plage, cette thèse montre que les attentes spatiales jouent sur le choix des espaces d’installation et déterminent le niveau de confort et de satisfaction des pratiquants. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche permettent in fine de proposer un modèle de remplissage de la plage à destination des chercheurs et des gestionnaires. / In France, coastline is considered as a major area for tourism and leisure practices and is ranked before city, mountain and rural areas. This tourism attraction questions coastal areas organization and management in a context of coastline development and growing awareness of environmental issues among their managers. Focused on a micro-geographical approach analyzing beaches as recreation areas, this thesis demonstrates and explains that beaches organization and functioning depend on interrelation logics and spatial expectations of beachgoers. This research begins with a conceptual framework before analyzing the beach practice area through the positioning space and population of beachgoers. Later, it identifies hidden dimensions structuring beaches spatiotemporal dynamics distribution attendancy based on both individual, group and practice area scales. These dimensions are composed of geographic distances between users and beach occupation density. Finally, this research analyzes spatial expectations of beachgoers that explain the beach functioning. Between looking for tranquility or sociability, natural or urbanized areas, ordinary or extra-ordinary relation to beach areas, this work demonstrates that spatial expectations influence user’s attitudes and locations alongside beaches, and determine comfort and user’s satisfaction degree. Main results of this research are presented in a beach filling model directed to researchers and beaches' administrators.

Coastal cliff erosion is a widespread problem that threatens property and infrastructure along many of the world’s coastlines. The management of this risk calls for robust quantification of cliff erosion rates, which are often difficult to obtain along rocky coasts. Quantification of sea-cliff rates of retreat on annual to decadal time scales has typically been limited to rapidly eroding soft rock coastlines. Rates of erosion used for shoreline management in the UK are generally based on analysis of historic maps and aerial photographs which, in rocky coast environments, does not wholly capture the detail and timing at which the processes operate and the failures occur across the cliff face. The first stage of this study uses airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data at nine sites around a rocky coastline (Cornwall, UK) to gain a quantitative understanding of cliff erosion where average recession rates are relatively low (c. 0.1 m yr-1). It was found that three-dimensional volumetric changes on the cliff face and linear rates of retreat can be reliably calculated from consecutive digital elevation models (DEMs) several years apart. Rates of erosion ranged between 0.03–0.3 m yr-1. The spatial variability in recession rates was considered in terms of the relationship with the varying boundary conditions (rock mass characteristics, cliff geometries, beach morphology) and forcing parameters (wave climate and wave exposure). Recession rates were statistically correlated with significant wave height (Hs), rock mass characteristics (GSI) and the ratio between the two (GSI/Hs). Although the rates derived using airborne LiDAR are comparable to the longer term rates of retreat, the detail of erosion to the cliff-face provides additional insight into the processes occurring in slowly eroding environments, which are vital for understanding the failure of harder rock coastlines. In addition to this, the importance of the wave climate and rainfall needs further attention on a more localised scale. Monthly cliff face volume changes, at two particularly vulnerable sites (Porthleven and Godrevy, Cornwall, UK), were detected using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Using these volumes alongside information on beach profile, beach- cliff junction elevation changes and nearshore hydrodynamics have allowed an insight into how the cliffs respond to seasonal fluctuations in wave climate and beach morphology. Monthly variability in beach morphology between the two sites over a one-year survey period i  indicated the influence that beach slope and the elevation of the beach-cliff junction have on the frequency of inundation and the power of wave-cliff impacts. Failure mechanisms between the two sites ranged from rotational sliding of superficial material to quarrying and block removal over the entire cliff elevation, according to the extent of wave-cliff interaction. This particular survey period highlighted the sensitivity of cliff erosion to the variability in wave climate and beach morphology at two different locations in the south-west of the UK, where the vast majority (over 85% of the annual value) of cliff face erosion occurs during the winter when extreme storm waves prevail. Coastal cliff erosion from storm waves is observed worldwide but the processes are notoriously difficult to measure during extreme storm wave conditions when most erosion normally occurs, limiting our understanding of cliff processes. Over January-March 2014, during the largest Atlantic storms in at least 60 years with deep water significant wave heights of 6 – 8 m, cliff-top ground motions of a rocky cliff in the south-west of the UK (Porthleven, Cornwall) showed vertical ground displacements in excess of 50–100 μm; an order of magnitude larger than observations made previously. Repeat terrestrial laser scanner surveys, over a 2-week period encompassing the extreme storms, gave a cliff face volume loss 2 orders of magnitude larger than the long-term erosion rate. Cliff-top ground motions and erosion volumes were compared at two different locations, one a reflective beach with steeply shelving bathymetry (Porthleven, Cornwall) and the other an intermediate, low tide bar-rip beach with a wide coastal slope (Godrevy, Cornwall). Under similar wave conditions (6–8 m Hs and 15–20 s. Tp) the vertical ground motions were an order of magnitude greater at the cliffs fronted by steeply shelving bathymetry, where the breaking waves plunge right at the shoreline, with little prior dissipation, leading to large energetic runup impacting the cliff. These storm results imply that erosion of coastal cliffs exposed to extreme storm waves is highly episodic and that long-term rates of cliff erosion will depend on the frequency and severity of extreme storm wave impacts as well as the wave dissipation that occurs as a function of the nearshore bathymetry. Having recorded microseismic cliff-top motion on this scale for the first time and determined an effective method of monitoring the energetic wave impacts, this study emphasises how investigations of cliff behaviour during storms is not only obtainable, but paramount to understanding coastal evolution under extreme conditions.