Bakgrund: Icke smittsamma sjukdomar, som diabetes typ 2, är en stor och ökande utmaning för ett hållbart samhälle. Diabetes typ 2 går att förebygga och behandla genom hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Digitala motivationsprogram som använder sig av beteendemodeller har visat sig vara kostnadseffektiva interventioner för att förbättra levnadsvanor. Vid utveckling av dessa tjänster är användarens behov viktigt för att få reda på vilka faktorer som bidrar till ett långsiktigt användande. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur personer med diabetes typ 2 och prediabetes upplevde användandet av en evidensbaserad digital tjänst som stödjer hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Metod: Studien var en kvalitativ explorativ studie där semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att samla in data. Data analyserades med en kvalitativ induktiv innehållsanalys med fokus på det manifesta innehållet. Resultat: Resultatet visade på vikten av att det digitala motivationsprogrammet var användarvänligt för att optimera stöd för hälsosamma vanor och för att innehållet i det skulle nå fram till användaren. Appen upplevdes innehålla många uppskattade funktioner som stödjer möjligheten till mer hälsosamma vanor. Flera av funktionerna skulle ha haft ett högre användarvärde om de varit anpassade efter målgruppen och om användarvänligheten förbättrades. Slutsats: För att möjliggöra stöd till hälsosamma vanor behöver digitala motivationsprogram vara användarvänliga och anpassade efter den tänkta målgruppen. Genom att optimera tjänsten utifrån användarens upplevelse kan evidensbaserade digitala motivationsprogram bidra till att förbättra folkhälsan. Fler studier behövs för att studera vad som främjar långsiktigt användande och långtidseffekter. / Background: Non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, are a major and increasing challenge for a sustainable society. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented and treated through healthy lifestyle habits. Digital motivational programs using behavioral models have been shown to be cost-effective interventions to improve lifestyle habits. When developing these programs, the user's needs are important in order to find out which factors contribute to long-term use. Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore how people with diabetes type 2 and prediabetes experienced the use of an evidence-based digital service that supports healthy lifestyle habits. Method: A qualitative explorative design was applied where semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data was analyzed with a qualitative inductive content analysis with a focus on the manifest content. Results: The result showed the importance of the digital motivation program being user-friendly in order to optimize support for healthy lifestyle habits and for its content to reach the user. The app was perceived to contain many appreciated features that support the possibility of healthy lifestyle habits. Several of the functions would have had a higher user value if they had been adapted to the target group and if the user-friendliness had been improved. Conclusion: To enable support for healthy lifestyle habits, digital motivation programs need to be user-friendly and adapted to the intended target group. By optimizing the program based on the user's experience, evidence-based digital motivation programs can contribute to improving public health. More studies are needed to explore what promotes long-term use and long-term effects.

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Many older adults desire to maintain their quality of life by living and aging independently in their own homes. However, it is difficult for older adults to notice and track the subtle changes in their own abilities because these abilities can change gradually over a long period of time. Technology in the form of ubiquitous sensors embedded in objects in the home can play a role in keeping track of the functional abilities of individuals unobtrusively, objectively, and continuously over a long period of time. This work introduces a sensing technique called “task-based embedded assessment” that monitors how well specific tasks important for independence are carried out using everyday objects found in the home with which individuals regularly interact. Following formative studies on the information needs of older adults and their caregivers, a sensing system called “dwellSense” that can monitor, assess, and provide feedback about how well individuals complete tasks, such as taking medications, using the phone, and making coffee, was designed, built, and evaluated. Multiple longterm (over 10 months) field deployments of dwellSense were used to investigate how the data collected from the system could support greater self-awareness of abilities and intentions to improve in task performance. Presenting and reflecting on data from ubiquitous sensing systems such as dwellSense is challenging because it is both highly dimensional as well as large in volume, particularly if it is collected over a long period of time. Thus, this work also investigates the time dimension of reflection and has identified that real-time feedback is particularly useful for supporting behavior change, and longer-term trended feedback is useful for greater awareness of abilities. Traditional forms of assessing the functional abilities of individuals tend to be either biased, lacking ecological validity, infrequent, or expensive to conduct. An automated sensor-based approach for assessment is compared to traditional performance testing by a trained clinician and found to match well with clinician-generated ratings that are objective, frequent, and ecologically valid. The contributions from this thesis not only advance the state of the art for maintaining quality of life and care for older adults, but also provide the foundations for designing personal sensing systems that aim to assess an individual’s abilities and support behaviors through the feedback of objective, timely sensed information.