Cette recherche est le récit, à vocation conceptuelle, d’une rencontre – rencontre de la philosophie avec l’ethnopsychiatrie, pratique clinique destinée à la prise en charge psychothérapeutique des patients migrants. Elle s’est déroulée au centre Georges Devereux dont l’équipe a accueilli l’auteure pendant deux ans. Rencontrer l’autre n’est jamais indifférent, cela fait quelque chose : à celui ou celle qui rencontre, à sa pensée et à l’héritage qui est le sien. La question principale est donc celle-ci : qu’est-ce que cela fait – à la pensée philosophique et à celle qui ici la représente – de rencontrer l’ethnopsychiatrie et les mondes qu’elle convoque ? Cela implique une double exigence : décrire les transformations que subissent, dans la rencontre, des notions comme celles d’« identité », de « personne » ou de « relation », mais aussi de « collectif », de « croyance » et de « transmission », tout en montrant en quoi le récit de ces transformations n’équivaut pas à une enquête introspective et à sa restitution subjective. La transformation principale réside dans le passage d’une pensée générale à un autre régime de pensée (qualifié de « générique »1) qu’il s’agit de caractériser dans la mesure où la pratique clinique, en particulier dans le contexte de multiplicité qu’imposent les passages entre les mondes, semble le supposer. Dans le cadre thérapeutique d’une contrainte à la transformation en effet, les paroles, actes et gestes doivent prendre une consistance propre afin d’être opérants. Cette consistance clinique et le plan de pensée qui l’accompagne sont ce dont ce travail propose de dessiner les principaux traits : immanence, nouveauté et caractère spéculatif. / This research gives the conceptual account of an encounter: the encounter of philosophy with ethnopsychiatry, a clinical practice which proposes psychotherapeutic treatments to migrant patients. This encounter took place at the centre Georges Devereux whose team accepted the author as an observer and participant during two years. Encountering the other is never indifferent. Something happens – to the one that encounters, to her thought and to her personal and philosophical heritage. The main question is also this: what effect does this encounter with ethnopsychiatry and the worlds it deals with have on philosophical thought and the researcher who represents it here? This question requires a double answer: describing the changes that notions like “identity”, “relation” or “person”, but also “community”, “culture”, “belief” and “transmission” undergo in the encounter and showing at the same time that such an account is not the equivalent of an introspective inquiry and its subjective report. The main change consists in the transition from a general way of thinking to another called “generic”1. The point is to characterize this generic way of thinking in so far as the clinical practice seems to require it – particularly dealing with the multiplicity that crossing between worlds imposes. Indeed, in a therapeutic context requiring change, the words, acts and gestures used have to take a specific consistency to be efficient. This work attempts to draw the mains traits of this clinical consistency and the level of thought that goes with: immanency, novelty and speculative character.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A mobilidade religiosa é um fenômeno recente e se configura num dos principais fatores que modificam o campo religioso brasileiro, o qual pode ser caracterizado por um quadro de diversificação e pluralismo religioso. Na modernidade, as modificações no campo produzem novas configurações da religião, do crer e do pertencimento. As igrejas tradicionais são alcançadas por essas movimentações, especialmente, no âmbito urbano. Nesse sentido, esta tese versa sobre a adesão à Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) em comunidades urbanas, através de uma pesquisa empírico-qualitativa que aborda os percursos religiosos e modalidades de pertencimento e adesão em três comunidades, as quais serviram como estudo de caso. Além dos percursos religiosos, buscamos decifrar as motivações, os níveis de participação e integração, a relação exclusiva ou dúplice com a comunidade religiosa escolhida. Problematizamos o fenômeno da migração religiosa através de conceitos como conversão, passagem ou adesão, num campo religioso em que a adesão por atribuição perde espaço para a adesão adquirida. O levantamento de dados aponta para uma mobilidade religiosa que proporciona diferentes modalidades de agregação e pertencimento compreendidas pela nova identidade religiosa, evidenciando adesões pela família (Sapucaia do Sul/RS), individuais (São Luís/MA), ou momentâneas, parciais e móveis (Rio de Janeiro/RJ). Identificamos que a migração e adesão religiosa, nessas comunidades, através da família ou da escolha pessoal, revelam que o elemento transmissor da religião não mais ocorre através dos laços simbólicos, como a tradição e a etnicidade, o que evidencia uma Igreja que, paulatinamente, vai se modificando, no contexto brasileiro, substituindo esses elementos tradicionais de adesão, pelo teológico e confessional, como proposta eclesial aberta e universal. Nesse sentido, com base nos estudos de caso, elencamos desafios e oportunidades para comunidades urbanas da IECLB, que ao receber pessoas com percursos religiosos dinâmicos e acentuados, torna-se um lugar religioso escolhido para a vivência da fé. / Religious mobility is a recent phenomenon and has become one of the main factors which modify the Brazilian religious field, which can be characterized by a scenario of religious diversification and pluralism. In modernity, the modifications in the field produce new configurations of religion, of believing and of belonging. The traditional churches are reached by these movements, especially in the urban areas. In this sense, this theses deals with the adhesion to the Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) [Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil] in urban congregations, through an empirical-qualitative research which addresses the religious journeys and modalities of belonging and joining in three congregations which served as a case study. Besides the religious journeys, we sought to decipher the motivations, the levels of participation and integration, the exclusive or twofold relation with the chosen religious community. We problematized the phenomenon of religious migration through concepts such as conversion, passage or joining, in a religious field in which adhesion by attribution loses space to acquired adhesion. The survey of data points to religious mobility which propitiates different modalities of aggregation and belonging comprehended by the new religious identity, revealing adhesions by family (Sapucaia do Sul/RS), by individuals (São Luís/MA), or momentary, partial and mobile (Rio de Janeiro/RJ). We identified that the religious migration and adhesion, in these congregations, through family or personal choice, reveal that the transmitter element of religion no longer occurs through symbolic ties, such as tradition and ethnicity, which reveals a church which, slowly, is changing, in the Brazilian context, substituting these traditional elements of adhesion with theological and confessional ones, for an open and universal ecclesial proposal. In this sense, based on the case studies, we list challenges and opportunities for urban congregations of the IECLB, which, upon receiving persons with dynamic and accentuated religious journeys, becomes a chosen religious space for living out the faith.

Due to an increased flow of refugees, migration has become an important issue that hasraised a lot of concern during the past years. During 2015 alone European member statesreported almost two million migrants crossing their external borders. This study aims tobring into light how the refugees that arrived in Romania starting with late 2014 till present,after being granted asylum or subsidiary protection manage to accommodate themselveswithin the communities they choose to settle. It does so by exploring the way these refugeesconstruct and develop feelings of home and belonging abroad. This study research questionsare first: how do refugees experience local communities and establish feelings of home andbelonging? and second: how does the life course perspective help the refugees getaccommodated to their new urban environment? The empirical research to answer thesequestions is qualitative, relying on in depth, semi structured life history interviews held withrefugees that have been granted asylum or subsidiary protection by the Romanian statestarting with the late 2014 until present. The findings pointed out: 1) the effect of the lifecourse: (e.g. the events of being uprooted and relocated into a foreign land brought lifealtering changes in an individuals’ life course). 2) The individuals interviewed showedintimate emotions about their new home and feelings of belonging. 3) The informantsperceived their experience as a perceptual process of negotiation with themselves and thelocal community from which they belong.

The European Union is a supranational structure of its own, created to bring peaceafter years of war on the ground of shared economic interests. In the 1970s, the polity started torealize its need of a European identity to further pursue its integration process efficiently, openinga door on a whole new sphere. This latter shift brought new issues on the table, questioning thefeatures of a common identity bringing the European countries of the Union together andeventually introduced the concept of EU citizenship as a condition of (EU)ropean belonging. Onthe other side of the Atlantic, Argentina has been on the quest of its own identity since theindependence from Spain in 1810. In the twentieth century, the country started to identify withEurope, resulting in the creation of a European identity in a non-geographically Europeancontinent and far from the concept of EU citizenship. This thesis seeks to study the differentunderstandings of a European identity. The leading question is: How are European citizenshipand European identity interwoven in the expression of belonging to Europe in the officialdiscourse in the EU and Argentina? According to a model of the sociologist Delanty, we willdeconstruct the concept of citizenship according to three features and look at citizenship as acommunity of Rights, a participatory behaviour and an identity with means of culturalcohesiveness and historical traditions in both the EU and Argentina’s official discourse. Ourfindings show, neither the study of EU rights and participatory behaviour of Eu citizens inArgentina allow us to understand the identification of Argentina with Europe, in opposition withthe EU. Indeed, being a European in the EU refers to belonging and participating in a politicalsphere and eventually could lead to a political identity. In Argentina being European refers to acultural, if not eugenic identity which can be explained by the history of the country.

A pesquisa procura e refletir sobre convergências conceituais entre a análise psicossocial e o significado dos lugares e a análise geográfica, sobretudo em relação ao encontro geografia/educação. A pesquisa procura demonstrar como a geografia vem desenvolvendo teórica e praticamente uma abordagem capaz de produzir uma solução societária para a reapropriação selvagem dos lugares, por parte de indivíduos e grupos que perderam o sentimento de pertencimento, em relação a seus contextos sócio-geográficos. / The research tries to demonstrate and reflect on conceptual convergences between psychosocial analysis and the significance of places and the geographical analysis, especially in relation to the encounter of geography and education. The research tries to demonstrate how the geography has been developing practically and theoreticically an approach capable of producing a sociatary solution for the wild reapropriation of places by individuals and groups that lost the feeling of belonging, in relation to their socio-geographical contexts.

This thesis explores how creative professionals, i.e. designers, artists and media workers, among others, experience and understand the multicultural and gentrifying neighbourhoods they live in. These neighbourhoods are Dalston in London and Reuterkiez in Berlin, two areas that have a significant immigrant population, experience gentrification and are well-known for their creative industries. Interviews with a total of 48 respondents in both locations, as well as ethnographic observations, reveal that the relationship these creatives have with diversity and gentrification are positive and critical on the surface but often ambivalent and selective underneath. This thesis argues that diversity and multiculture are understood as inspiring for creative work through material and sensory influences. However, not all forms of difference are valued equally. This thesis furthermore describes how gentrification has become a ubiquitous discourse in which respondents locate themselves between fellow gentrifiers and existing working class and/or minority ethnic residents; between wanting to belong and 'being part of a problem'. Lastly, this thesis argues that there are different understandings of multiculturalism in London and Berlin. Whereas multiculturalism in London describes ethnic minorities, in Berlin the term is increasingly used to refer to international, cosmopolitan and mainly white Western Europeans. This is problematic, it is argued, because it renders the defence that participants present of multiculturalism in opposition to its failure less meaningful. This thesis furthermore argues that because of the value of diversity within discourses of creativity and the lack of interaction with minority ethnic neighbours in private networks, many creative professionals have high expectations towards everyday encounters. They are therefore not 'indifferent to difference'. When these expectations are not met by minority ethnic shopkeepers, for example, this can lead to disappointing encounters and ascriptions of self-segregation and lacking openness. These findings are relevant for better understanding how urban multiculture in gentrifying neighbourhoods is experienced by members of the creative class, a demographic that is promoted by urban planning. When neighbourhoods like the two field sites of this study are celebrated for diversity and creativity, the latter is a more powerful discourse and can contribute to the displacement of poorer residents.

This qualitative study aimed to explore the male adolescent’s sense of belonging in his family, in order to arrive at a Gestalt understanding of this concept. In order to achieve the aim, a conceptual framework was outlined focusing on concepts central to this topic, including belonging, adolescence and Gestalt theory. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven adolescents in order to obtain rich data. The data collected during these interviews was subsequently analysed and several themes and categories were identified and explored by the use of a literature control. Conclusions, recommendations and a Gestalt understanding of belonging were then presented. / Play Therapy / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as interações, envolvimentos e percepções de pescadores e veranistas com o local escolhido para morar e visitar: a praia de Atafona. Situada no litoral norte fluminense, no município de São João da Barra, às margens da foz de um dos maiores rios do sudeste brasileiro, o rio Paraíba do Sul, Atafona é uma praia que está sendo engolida pelo mar ao longo dos últimos 60 anos. Mais de 14 quarteirões já foram destruídos pelo mar durante este período, modificando constantemente a configuração e ocupação do espaço praieiro. Junto a esta situação peculiar, existem também outros eventos que modificam a pequena praia em determinados períodos do ano, como a chegada volumosa de veranistas e turistas na festa religiosa da padroeira da praia Nossa Senhora da Penha - e na temporada de verão. Para narrar os vínculos de pescadores e veranistas com a praia, a presente tese centrou-se nas historias pessoais vivenciadas em torno da temporada de verão, da Festa da Penha e das ondas do avanço do mar. Como veremos ao longo das descrições etnográficas, a compreensão de repetições e regularidades de eventos cíclicos, como também a forma de habitar e se relacionar com um espaço, requer entender as movimentações de continuidades em estreita relação com processos de descontinuidades, onde imprevistos, viradas de quadra, atalhos, ruinas e reocupações também orientam e desorientam ritmos e pertencimentos com a praia de Atafona. Ritmo e pertencimento são trabalhados a partir desta perspectiva relacional, trazendo o enfoque para as constantes negociações, reocupações e ações criativas que moradores e visitantes tem com o local. Desse maneira, entender os envolvimentos e pertencimentos de pescadores e veranistas com as transformações anuais e a longo prazo foi também trabalhar com desencontros, desafetos e maragrados revelados nas diferentes historias de vida dos interlocutores da pesquisa. / The thesis aims to study the interactions, involvement and perceptions of fishermen and vacationers with the place whom chosen for 'live' and 'visit': Atafonas beach. Located in Rio's north coast, in São João da Barra, on the banks of one of the biggest rivers in southeastern Brazil, the Paraíba do Sul, Atafona is known as a beach which is being "swallowed by the sea" since de 1950s. The sea destroyed more than 14 blocks during this period, constantly modifying the configuration and occupation of the beach. Alongside this peculiar situation, there are also other 'events' that modify the small beach at certain times of year with the voluminous arrival of visitors and tourists in occasions such as the religious partyfor Nossa Senhora da Penha and in the summer season. Thus, to narrate the ties of fishermen and vacationers with the beach, the thesis focused on the stories of life around the Penhas party, the "summer season" and the advance of the sea. By considering the ethnographic descriptions, the understanding of repetitions and regularities of cyclical events requires understanding the movements of continuities in close relation with processes of discontinuities. In this case it is necessary to consider un expected situations, "viradas de quadra", shortcuts, ruins and reoccupations that also can guide and disorient rhythms and belongings in Atafonas beach. Rhythm and belonging are worked accounting for this relational perspective, bringing the thesis focus to the constant negotiations, relocations and creative actions that 'residents' and 'visitors' have with the place. In order to understand the engagements and belongings of fishermen and vacationers about the social and natural changes annual and long-term it is important to work with misunderstandings, rivals and "maragados", such as reveled in different life histories narrated in the ethnographic research.

A pesquisa procura e refletir sobre convergências conceituais entre a análise psicossocial e o significado dos lugares e a análise geográfica, sobretudo em relação ao encontro geografia/educação. A pesquisa procura demonstrar como a geografia vem desenvolvendo teórica e praticamente uma abordagem capaz de produzir uma solução societária para a reapropriação selvagem dos lugares, por parte de indivíduos e grupos que perderam o sentimento de pertencimento, em relação a seus contextos sócio-geográficos. / The research tries to demonstrate and reflect on conceptual convergences between psychosocial analysis and the significance of places and the geographical analysis, especially in relation to the encounter of geography and education. The research tries to demonstrate how the geography has been developing practically and theoreticically an approach capable of producing a sociatary solution for the wild reapropriation of places by individuals and groups that lost the feeling of belonging, in relation to their socio-geographical contexts.

Cette recherche doctorale est consacrée à l'analyse des perceptions de la citoyenneté française chez les immigrés originaires de Turquie et leurs enfants en lien avec leurs parcours migratoires. S'appuyant sur les différentes appartenances identitaires de ces immigrés, elle propose une analyse de l'articulation des appartenances particulières et de l'appartenance citoyenne qui se produit pendant les parcours migratoires. Cette analyse révèle les modes de compositions identitaires qui se réalisent d'une manière variée par rapport à des appartenances culturelles et politiques dans le cas des immigrés originaires de Turquie et leurs enfants. Les perceptions de la citoyenneté des enquêtés sont affectées, à la fois pour les immigrés et leurs enfants, non seulement par le lien établi avec la France du point de vue juridique, économique, social, culturel et identitaire mais aussi avec leur pays et leur culture d'origine via les activités associatives. Ce qui nous montre que l'appartenance citoyenne dans le parcours migratoire doit être analysée comme un processus qui débute en Turquie et qui continue en France, provoquant parfois des ruptures identitaires. / This doctoral research tried to analyze the perceptions of French citizenship among immigrants from Turkey and their children in relation with their migratory paths. Based on the different identities belonging, it studies the articulation of particular belongings and the citizenship belonging during the migratory paths. In the example of immigrants originated from Turkey, this analysis reveals the patterns of identity compositions that are realized in different ways in relation with cultural and political affiliations. The immigrant's perceptions of the citizenship are affected, for both the immigrants and their children, not only by the legal, economic, social, cultural and identity link with France but also with their country of origin and their native culture through associative activities. So that, citizenship belonging in the migratory process must be taken as a process that is beginning in Turkey and continuing in France, and sometimes causes identity disruption.