Motormanagement Systeme im modernen Kraftfahrzeug werden zunehmend umfangreicher und komplexer. Die Steuergeräte als zentrale Komponente dieser Systeme werden in ihrer Funktionalität durch Hard- und Software bestimmt. Sie sind das Ergebnis eines langen Entwicklungs- und Fertigungsprozesses. Fahrversuche und Versuche am Motorenprüfstand zum Test von Steuergeräten sind sehr zeit- und kostenintensiv. Eine Alternative ist der Test von Steuergeräten außerhalb ihrer realen Umgebung. Das Steuergerät wird dabei auf einem Hardware-in-the-Loop-Prüfstand betrieben. Die große Zahl von Einzelfunktionen und miteinander verknüpften Funktionen des Steuergerätes erfordert einen strukturierten und reproduzierbaren Ablauf beim Test. Diese Tests sind aber erst nach Fertigstellung eines Motorprototypen möglich, da die Parameter der vorhandenen Modelle aus den gemessenen Prüfstandsdaten ermittelt werden. Eine weitere Fragestellung zu diesem Thema bezieht sich auf die Modelltiefe: Heutige Modelle basieren auf Daten, die über einem Arbeitsspiel gemittelt werden. Untersuchungen wie z.B. der Momentanbeschleunigung von Kurbelwellen sind somit nicht möglich. Aus diesem Grund untersucht diese Arbeit Strategien im Hinblick auf den modellbasierten Test von Motormanagement Systemen. Dabei wird das Potenzial zur Zeiteinsparung bei einem neuen Motormodell großer Tiefe betrachtet.

In the last decades, the focus of internal combustion engine development has moved towards more efficient and less pollutant engines. In a Diesel engine, approximately 30-40% of the energy provided by combustion is lost through the exhaust gases. The exhaust gases are hot and therefore rich of energy. Some of this energy can be recovered by recycling the exhaust gases into turbocharger. However, the energy losses in the exhaust port are highly undesired and the mechanisms driving the total pressure losses in the exhaust manifold not fully understood. Moreover, the efficiency of the turbine is highly dependent on the upstream flow conditions. Thus, a numerical study of the flow in the exhaust port geometry of a Scania heavy-duty Diesel engine is carried out mainly by using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach. The purpose is to characterize the flow in the exhaust port, analyze and identify the sources of the total pressure losses. Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulation results are included for comparison purposes. The calculations are performed with fixed valve and stationary boundary conditions for which experimental data are available. The simulations include a verification study of the solver using different grid resolutions and different valve lift states. The calculated numerical data are compared to existent measured pressure loss data. The results show that even global parameters like total pressure losses are predicted better by LES than by URANS. The complex three-dimensional flow structures generated in the flow field are qualitatively assessed through visualization and analyzed by statistical means. The near valve region is a major source of losses. Due to the presence of the valve, an annular, jet-like flow structure is formed where the high-velocity flow follows the valve stem into the port. Flow separation occurs immediately downstream of the valve seat on the walls of the port and also on the surface of the valve body. Strong longitudinal, non-stationary secondary flow structures (i.e. in the plane normal to the main flow direction) are observed in the exhaust manifold. Such structures can degrade the efficiency of a possible turbine of a turbocharger located downstream on the exhaust manifold. The effect of the valve and piston motion has also been studied by the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach. Within the exhaust process, the valves open while the piston continues moving in the combustion chamber. This process is often analyzed modeling the piston and valves at fixed locations, but conserving the total mass flow. Using advanced methods, this process can be simulated numerically in a more accurate manner. Based on LES data, the discharge coefficients are calculated following the strict definition. The results show that the discharge coefficient can be overestimated (about 20 %) when using simplified experiments, e. g. flow bench. Simple cases using fixed positions for valve and piston are contrasted with cases which consider the motion of piston and/or valves. The overall flow characteristics are compared within the cases. The comparison shows it is impossible to rebuild the dynamic flow field with the simplification with fixed valves. It is better to employ LES to simulate the dynamic flow and associated losses with valve and piston motion. / <p>QC 20131204</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroIAN_DISSERT.pdf: 1986241 bytes, checksum: 386b7b9f50f9765c6f2575f4e58ea4e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Due to major progress of communication system in the last decades, need for more precise characterization of used components. The S-parameters modeling has been used to characterization, simulation and test of communication system. However, limitation of S-parameters to model nonlinear system has created new modeling systems that include the nonlinear characteristics. The polyharmonic distortion modeling is a characterizationg technique for nonlinear systems that has been growing up due to praticity and similarity with S-parameters. This work presents analysis the polyharmonic distortion modeling, the test bench development for simulation of planar structure and planar structure characterization with X-parameters / O grande desenvolvimento dos sistemas de comunica??o nas ?ltimas d?cadas trouxe a necessidade de uma caracteriza??o cada vez mais precisa dos componentes utilizados. A modelagem por meio de par?metros-S ? utilizada para caracteriza??o, simula??o e testes de sistemas de comunica??o desde meados dos anos 60. Contudo a limita??o dos par?metros-S para sistemas lineares fez crescer a necessidade por novos tipos de parametriza??es que incluam as caracter?sticas de sistemas n?o lineares. A modelagem por distor??o poli-harm?nica ? uma t?cnica de caracteriza??o aplicada a sistemas n?o lineares que vem ganhando espa?o na literatura por sua praticidade e semelhan?a conceitual com os par?metros-S. Este trabalho apresentar? uma an?lise da modelagem por distor??o harm?nica, o desenvolvimento de um banco de testes para simula??o de estruturas planares e a caracteriza??o destas estruturas por meio de par?metros-X. Com isso pretende-se analisar a utiliza??o, precis?o e efici?ncia da modelagem por distor??o poli-harm?nica para estruturas planares

This dissertation has as general objective to analyze the speeches and debates of the Bahian deputies in the General Courts of Lisbon (1821-1822) and the General Constituent Assembly of Rio de Janeiro (1823), in order to understand the process of political participation of the political leaders of the constitutional experiences. Its specific objectives are: to analyze the debates of the Bahia deputation; to discuss the construction of the speeches of the Bahian deputies about the relevance of the province for the construction of the State; understand the proposals of formation of the political pact by the Bahian deputies. The justification for this study lies in the relevance of the situation of armed conflict in Bahia to the events that unfolded in the process of Brazilian Independence, and the formation of the constitution was a fundamental condition for the foundation of the State, where war in Bahia was also relevant fact to the same process. Among the analyzed sources, are the diaries of the Courts and Assembly, periodicals, correspondence, minutes and reports. The methodology used was inspired by Renewed Political History and Social History of Concepts, which seek to discuss political processes based on concepts, discourses, institutional redefinitions and projects put in dispute by the subjects that act in the public spheres of power, constituting political cultures. However, the work does not lose sight of the analysis of events, institutions and trajectories of political subjects, so that it is possible that the discourses investigated are understood. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar os discursos e debates dos deputados baianos nas Cortes Gerais de Lisboa (1821-1822) e na Assembleia Geral Constituinte do Rio de Janeiro (1823), com vistas a entender o processo de participação política das lideranças políticas da província nessas experiências constitucionais. Tendo como objetivos específicos: analisar os debates da deputação baiana; discutir a construção dos discursos dos deputados baianos em torno da relevância da província para a construção do Estado; entender as propostas de formação do pacto político por parte dos deputados baianos. A justificativa para o presente estudo se encontra na relevância que a situação de conflito armado na Bahia teve para os acontecimentos que desenrolaram no processo de Independência do Brasil, sendo que a formação da constituição era condição fundamental para a fundação do Estado, onde a guerra na Bahia também era fato relevante para o mesmo processo. Dentre as fontes analisadas, encontram-se os diários das Cortes e da Assembleia, periódicos, correspondências, atas e relatórios. A metodologia empregada foi inspirada na História Política Renovada e na História Social dos Conceitos, que buscam discutir os processos políticos a partir dos conceitos, discursos, redefinições institucionais e projetos colocados em disputa pelos sujeitos que atuam nas esferas públicas de poder, constituindo culturas políticas. Entretanto, o trabalho não perde de vista a análise sobre acontecimentos, instituições e trajetórias de sujeitos políticos, para que assim, seja possível que os discursos investigados sejam compreendidos. / São Cristóvão, SE

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da remoção de cistos deGiardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum, em águas de abastecimento com turbidez elevada, em experimentos em escala de bancada (coagulação, floculação, decantação e filtração). Para tanto, empregou-se o coagulante cloreto de polialumínio &#8211; PAC. O método de filtração em membranas foi adotado para a concentração de protozoários, seguido ou não da etapa de purificação por separação imunomagnética &#8211; IMS. Os métodos foram avaliados em experimentos de controle de qualidade analítica e o método sem IMS apresentou as seguintes porcentagens de recuperação, 80% ±16,32% para cistos de Giardia spp. e 5% ±10,00% para oocistos de C. parvum. O método com IMS apresentou 31,5%±7,55% de recuperação para cistos de Giardia spp. e 5,75%±3,20% de recuperação para oocistos de C. parvum. Os experimentos demonstraram que não houve melhora na remoção de ambos os protozoários na condição de maior dosagem de coagulante (65 mg.L-1 de PAC e pH 7,29). A condição de menor dosagem de coagulante (25 mg.L-1 de PAC e pH 6,76) apresentou um desempenho melhor, ao contrário de uma expectativa de que a maior dosagem de coagulante pudesse favorecer a remoção destes microrganismos. A condição de menor dosagem apresentou, na água filtrada, 50 e 75% de ausência de identificação de cistos de Giardia e oocistos de C. parvum, respectivamente. A condição de maior dosagem apresentou (oo)cistos na água filtrada de todas amostras analisadas. Estes resultados indicam a importância do controle da coagulação na remoção de protozoários. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts removal in a bench scale experiment. The coagulant polyaluminium chloride &#8211; PACl was used in this research. The protozoa concentration tests were performed by applying the Membrane Filtration method, with and without Immunomagnetic Separation assay-IMS. The methods were evaluated using control experiments and the method without IMS had the following percentage recovery, 80% ± 16.32% and 5% ±10.00% for Giardia cysts and C. parvum oocysts, respectively. The method with IMS presented 31.5% ± 7.55% and 5.75% ± 3.20% of percentage recovery for Giardia cysts and C. parvum oocysts, respectively. Bench scale experimental results have clearly shown that there was no improvement in protozoa removal using the superior dosage of coagulant. The inferior dosage condition (25 mg.L-1 of PACl and pH 6,76) performed better, which was contrary to what was expected in which a superior dosage of coagulant could favour when removing microorganisms. The inferior dosage condition presented 50% and 75% of absence of Giardia cysts and C. parvum oocysts in the final water, respectively. The second coagulation condition (65 mg.L-1 of PACl and pH 7,29) presented protozoa (oo)cysts in the final water of all the samples examined. These results indicate the importance of coagulation control in protozoa removal.

Dans ce travail nous nous sommes penchés sur le transfert de puissance optimal par la maîtrise des comportements du véhicule de distribution à deux essieux. Nous avons étudié, plus particulièrement, l’énergie consommée par un véhicule hybride dans une zone urbaine ou péri-urbaine. Ce contexte nous a conduits à étudier l’utilisation d’une dynamique régénérative prenant en compte la dynamique transversale du véhicule sur une diversité d’architectures associée à une méthode de contrôle d’un système sur-actionné. Pour faire cela, nous avons développé : (i) un banc d’essais virtuel modulaire pour faire des études en termes énergétique d’un véhicule hybride de distribution, (ii) une architecture de contrôle optimal en vue de déterminer les commandes des actionneurs d’un système sur-actionné, (iii) et une dynamique régénérative afin de gérer l’énergie en prenant en compte la dynamique transversale qui est souvent présente lors de l’usage du véhicule en milieu urbain. Les modules du banc d’essais virtuel construits dans ce travail permettent de faire des études de l’énergie consommée pour toutes les architectures du véhicule envisagées sans changer les modèles de chaque module. Ce banc est composé d’un modèle complet du comportement de la dynamique du véhicule, d’un modèle du système de direction, d’un modèle des systèmes de traction et de freinage et d’un modèle des composants électriques. Tous les modèles de ce banc ont été validés par des expériences. Ceux-ci nous assurent la capacité de valider et justifier les lois de commande ainsi que d’évaluer les termes de l’énergie consommée. Un module de l’architecture de contrôle optimal a également été construit dans ce travail. Il nous a servi à déterminer la commande optimale des actionneurs par l’utilisation de l’allocation de contrôle et pour simuler les comportements de toutes les architectures du véhicule en utilisant les contraintes liées à celles-ci. Les analyses des résultats obtenus montrent que l’architecture de contrôle optimal proposée est suffisante pour déterminer les commandes des actionneurs ainsi que pour garantir la stabilité du véhicule malgré qu’aucun critère de ce genre ne soit intégré dans le problème d’optimisation. Les gains possibles par rapport à l’architecture conventionnelle, qui ont été déterminés, assurent que l’approche proposée permet effectivement de réduire l’énergie consommée par le véhicule. Les études paramétriques de la dynamique régénérative du véhicule démontrent que les systèmes sur-actionnés permettent de récupérer de l’énergie dans les cas où les actionneurs ont un très bon rendement. Dans ce cas, le principe de la dynamique régénérative est une voie d’amélioration pour les véhicules de distribution (charge importante et conditions d’utilisation en milieu urbain). / In this work, we have studied the energy optimal transfer by controlling the delivery vehicle behaviors. We studied, in particular, the energy consumed by a hybrid vehicle in the urban area. This context led us to investigate the use of a regenerative dynamics by taking into account the vehicle lateral dynamics on a variety of architectures associated with a method for controlling an over-actuated system. To do this, we have developed: (i) a modular virtual test bench to study the energy terms of delivery hybrid vehicle, (ii) an optimal control to determine the actuator inputs of over-actuated system, (iii) and regenerative dynamics to manage energy by taking into account the vehicle lateral dynamics. The virtual test bench constructed in this work allow for studies of the energy consumed for all architectures without changing of each module. This bench is composed the models of vehicle dynamics, steering, traction, braking, and electrical components systems. All models of this bench have been validated by experiments. It provides us the ability to validate and justify the control inputs of actuators and to evaluate the energy consumed terms. The optimal control module by using the allocation controller was also built in this work. It allows us to determine the optimal inputs of the actuators and to simulate the behaviors of all vehicle architectures under the constraints related with different architectures. The results show that the allocation controller is sufficient to determine the actuator inputs and to ensure the vehicle stability without the integration of additional criteria in the optimization problem. The energy gains in comparison with conventional architecture, which have been determined, ensure that the proposed approach effectively reduce the energy consumed by the vehicle. The parametric studies show that the regenerative dynamics can be used to recover energy in the case where the actuators have a very good performance and fast dynamics. In this case, the principle of regenerative dynamics is being improved for delivery vehicles (heavy load and in urban areas).

Lors de l’installation d’une pompe à chaleur (PAC) double service (chauffage et eau chaude sanitaire (ECS)) dans le secteur résidentiel, la phase de mise en service est délicate : les paramètres à renseigner sont nombreux et non triviaux. Or, le bon fonctionnement de la PAC est très sensible à la qualité de cette étape. Quelques mauvais réglages peuvent entraîner un fonctionnement non optimal, voire un dysfonctionnement important (confort mal assuré). L’objectif de la thèse est de mettre au point une méthode de paramétrage auto-adaptatif modifiant les valeurs de « sortie d’usine » des paramètres pour les adapter au réseau d'émetteurs, à la réponse thermique du bâtiment et aux habitudes chauffage et de consommation d'ECS des occupants. Les paramètres doivent être adaptés à partir des capteurs déjà en place sur la PAC.Le travail de thèse porte d'abord sur l’identification des paramètres clés de la PAC, ceux qui influencent le plus la consommation. On en déduit quelques fonctions à optimiser : ajustement de la loi d'eau, méthode de choix des meilleures séquences de production d'ECS, anticipation de la relance du chauffage. L'objectif est de maximiser le coefficient de performance et de minimiser le recours aux appoints électriques tout en garantissant le confort. Ces objectifs sont atteints en développant des algorithmes de contrôle optimisé. Des modèles neuronaux de prévision de la réponse thermique du bâtiment, du stock d’ECS et des performances de la PAC ont été développés pour ce contrôle optimisé. Les modèles et algorithmes développés ont été validés numériquement et les performances de la PAC comparées à celles avec contrôle classique sans auto-paramétrage. Les solutions proposées ont été appliquées et testées durant une saison sur une PAC réelle sur un banc d'essai semi-virtuel (climat réel et bâtiment virtuel). / Setting control parameters of residential double service heat pumps at the time of installation and commissioning is a delicate matter. Indeed, some parameters are not trivial, there are many to be adjusted and the heat pump operations are quite sensitive to the parameters' values. Poor parameterization can lead to suboptimal heat pump operation or even to important dysfunction (harming thermal comfort).Hence, this thesis aims to develop a method for the heat pump to self-adapt the value of its control parameters. The heat pump should modify if required the "default" settings in order to adapt them to the heat emitters, to the building thermal response and to the occupancy (in terms of thermal comfort and DHW needs). For industrial reasons, this method should use on-board sensors.First, the thesis focuses on identifying the key parameters of the heat pump control, i.e. those with greatest influence on the consumption. This leads to the functions which have to be optimized: heating curve adjustment, time of DHW generation, heating setback anticipation. The objective is to maximize the coefficient of performance and minimize the use of electrical back-ups while ensuring comfort. This is achieved by developing optimized control algorithms. Thanks to forecasts models, based on neural networks, we are able to predict on a short term horizon the building thermal response, the DHW availability and the heat pump performances. The developed models and algorithms have been validated through numerical simulations, and we have evaluated the heat pump performances in comparison to a classic control. The proposed solutions were applied and tested during a heating season on a real heat pump installed in a semi-virtual test bench (real weather and virtual building).

The thesis is concerning rotator assembly at Indexator. A need to increase production has been seen and it can be done by implementing an optimized assembly process. In addition to the assembly process a new design on workstations and new test equipment is needed.The study resulted into three assembly process proposals. The processes were balanced, layouts were produced and Plant simulation was utilized to produce simulation models. Each proposal were analyzed based on cost, performance, ease of implementation, flexibility and worker condition. This resulted in a stationary assembly process being most promising and a 3D simulation model was produced for visualization and better understanding. The stationary assembly process has a capacity for 90 rotators per day, while reducing the amount of workers by one.The layout of the workstations was done based on the assembly process layout and further developed to make the work cell lean and ergonomic. It resulted in three workstations to perform the assembly. The test bench was developed by creating target specifications, establish a test procedure and decide components for the test bench layout. The finished test bench can measure dynamic torque, count particles to ensure cleanliness and is able to run the test unattended. / Examensarbetet handlar om montering av rotatorer på Indexator. Målet är att ta fram en optimerad monteringsprocess som kan implementeras i Indexators fabrik utan svårigheter. Den nya monteringsprocessen kommer kräva en ny design på arbetsstationerna och nya testbänkar.Fyra koncept på monteringsprocessen togs fram, baserat på monteringens behov och målsättning. Efter utvärdering så modifierades de fyra koncepten till tre förslag på monteringsprocesser. Processerna balancerades, layouter utvecklades och simuleringsmodeller producerades för varje process. Varje förslag analyserades baserat på kostnad, prestanda, implementation,flexibilitet och arbetar-förhållande. Resultatet blev en stationär monteringsprocess och en 3Dsimulering gjordes för visualisering och förståelse. Den stationära monteringsprocessen har en kapacitet på 90 rotatorer per dag och reducerar behovet av montörer.Layouten för monteringsstationerna baseras på processens layout och har modifierats för ergonomiska aspekter. Inom monteringsstationerna så utvecklades layouten för att minimera antalet onödiga rörelser för montören. Testriggens design utvecklades genom att analysera de behov som fanns, skapa en kravspecifikation samt utvärdera och besluta om testprocedur, upplägg för testrigg och dess ingående komponenter. Testriggen uppfyller målsättningen som är att kunna mäta dynamiskt vridmoment, räkna partiklar för att säkerställa renhet i rotatorn och kunna utföra testningen självgående för att frigöra montören under testprogrammet.

Depuis plusieurs années de nouveaux procédés industriels destinés à la réfrigération et à la climatisation sont étudiés et mis sur le marché. Parmi ceux qui commencent à connaître des débouchés commerciaux on compte les systèmes utilisant des fluides frigoporteurs diphasiques solide/liquide. Ces dispositifs offrent en effet les avantages de réduire l’utilisation des fluides frigorigènes de plus en plus réglementée et de pouvoir lisser la production de froid sur 24 heures grâce à la possibilité de stocker ces fluides diphasiques. Le domaine de la réfrigération connaît au niveau européen, grâce à plusieurs industriels, un premier essor de l’utilisation de « coulis » ou « sorbet » de glace. La climatisation industrielle ou collective représente également un enjeu énergétique majeur tant du point de vue de la consommation énergétique instantanée qu’elle nécessite que du point de vue des “pics” qu’elle génère à certaine périodes de la journée.Dans ce domaine et sur le continent asiatique (particulièrement au Japon), l’utilisation de sorbets est également en phase d’expansion. Dans ce cas, les sorbets utilisés sont des « coulis d’hydrates » qui présentent l’intérêt de cristalliser à des températures positives plus adaptées à la climatisation que celles des « coulis de glace ».Ces travaux de thèse ont donc consisté à adapter une technologie de réfrigération disponible sur le marché européen au domaine de la climatisation. Le fluide utilisé est une solution de TBAB (Bromure de Tetra-ButylAmmonium) qui est une solution aqueuse dont la température de cristallisation à pression atmosphérique peut être ajustée entre environ 6 et 12°C. Le dispositif expérimental conçu et construit est donc un prototype industriel de taille réelle capable de climatiser 4 pièces. A la fois démonstrateur industriel et banc d’essais instrumenté, il est destiné à mener à bien des séances d’essais afin de démontrer la faisabilité du procédé, de diagnostiquer des améliorations et de prévoir de nouvelles évolutions. Parallèlement aux travaux de construction et aux séances d’essais, des mesures complémentaires concernant certaines caractéristiques thermo-physiques des sorbets d’hydrates de TBAB ont été menées en laboratoire. Enfin, un outil de modélisation a également été développé afin de rattacher les expériences à des phénomènes thermo-physiques théoriques. Cette modélisation a pour but d’être un outil prédicatif à la conception de nouvelles installations et au développement du prototype. / For some years, new industrial processes have been developed and marketed in the refrigeration and air conditioning fields. Among systems which begin to have good business opportunities some are using two-phase secondary refrigerants solid / liquid. This kind of technology offers the advantages of reducing the use of classical refrigerants which are regulated and can smooth the production of cold over 24 hours with its ability to store the slurry. At the European level, thanks to the efforts of several manufacturers, the refrigeration field is developing fast with respect to the use of ice slurries. Moreover the industrial or district air conditioning field is a major energetic issue in terms of the immediate energy it requires as well as in terms of "peaks" generated during certain periods of the day.In this field, especially in Japan, the use of “PCM” (Phase Change Material) is additionally developing. In this technological segment, the PCM used are hydrate slurries. This solution has the advantage of crystallizing at positive temperatures which is more suited for the air conditioning than ice slurries.This research work deals with the adaption of a refrigeration technology available on the European market to the field of air conditioning. The fluid used is an aqueous solution of TBAB (Tetra-Butylammonium Bromide) with a crystallization temperature at atmospheric pressure which can be adjusted to a temperature between 6 and 12°C. The experimental device designed and installed is a real size prototype able to cool 4 rooms. Both the industrial demonstrator as well as instrumented test bench allowed us to carry out practice sessions which demonstrated the feasibility of the process. It also allowed us to design improvements and new developments. In parallel to the construction and the experiments, additional measurements concerning some thermo-physical characteristics of TBAB hydrate slurries were conducted in specialised laboratory. Finally, a modelling tool was also developed in order to relate our experiments with theoretical thermo-physical phenomena. This numerical model is intended to be a predicative tool for the design of new installations and for the development of the prototype.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de démontrer l'intérêt des outils de diagnostic "intelligents" pour application sur les moteurs de fusée. En Europe beaucoup d'efforts ont été faits pour développer quelques techniques innovantes comme les réseaux neuronaux, les méthodes de suivi de raie vibratoire, ou l'identification paramétrique mais peu de résultats sont disponibles quant à la comparaison des performances de différents algorithmes. Un deuxième objectif de la thèse a été celui d'améliorer le système de diagnostic du banc d'essai Mascotte (ONERA/CNES). Il s'agit d'un banc de démonstration pour les moteurs de fusée de type cryogénique représentatif des conditions d'utilisation d'un vrai moteur. Les étapes de la thèse ont été en premier lieu de choisir et d'évaluer des méthodes de diagnostic à base de modèles, en particulier l'identification paramétrique et le filtre de Kalman, et de les appliquer pour le diagnostic d'un système critique du banc Mascotte: le circuit de refroidissement. Après une première validation des nouveaux algorithmes sur des données d'essais disponibles, un benchmark fonctionnel a été mis en place pour pouvoir comparer les performances des algorithmes sur différents types de cas de panne simulés. La dernière étape consiste à intégrer les algorithmes sur les ordinateurs du banc de contrôle de Mascotte pour pouvoir effectuer une évaluation applicative des performances et de leur intégrabilité à l'environnement informatique déjà en place. Un exemple simple de boucle de régulation intégrant l’information du diagnostic est aussi étudié pour analyser l’importance de telles méthodes dans le contexte plus large d’une régulation « intelligente » du banc. / The main objective of this work is to demonstrate and analyze the potential benefits of advanced real time algorithms for rocket engines monitoring and diagnosis. In the last two decades in Europe many research efforts have been devoted to the development of specific diagnostic technics such as neural networks, vibration analysis or parameter identification but few results are available concerning algorithms comparison and diagnosis performances analysis.Another major objective of this work has been the improvement of the monitoring system of the Mascotte test bench (ONERA/CNES). This is a cryogenic test facility based in ONERA Palaiseau used to perform analysis of cryogenic combustion and nozzle expansion behavior representative of real rocket engine operations.The first step of the work was the selection of a critical system of the bench, the water cooling circuit, and then the analysis of the possible model based technics for diagnostic such as parameter identification and Kalman filters.Three new algorithms were developed, after a preliminary validation based on real test data, they were thoroughly analyzed via a functional benchmark with representative failure cases.The last part of the work consisted in the integration of the diagnosis algorithms on the bench computer environment in order to prepare a set-up for a future real time application.A simple closed loop architecture based on the new diagnostic tools has been studied in order to assess the potential of the new methods for future application in the context of intelligent bench control strategies.