A hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) é a doença na qual a próstata demonstra um crescimento anormal e sua prevalência aumenta com o envelhecimento. Leptina, a adipocina mais notável, tem um importante papel na regulação do sistema reprodutivo. Esse trabalho tem por fim avaliar o papel da leptina no tecido prostático humano, utilizando a cultura de tecido in vitro, avaliando a proliferação celular e a expressão dos genes do fator de crescimento do fibroblasto 2 (FGF2), da enzima aromatase e dos genes apoptóticos. De 2009 a 2011, amostras de tecido hiperplásico humano foram obtidas pela prostatectomia transvesical em quinze pacientes com próstatas de volume aumentadas. Cada amostra foi dividida em quatro partes simétricas, mantidas no meio RPMI suplementado com soro fetal bovino a 10%, e 1ng/mL de gentamicina, adicionados a 16 ng/mL de leptina (Leptina) ou não (Controle). Após três horas a expressão dos genes de FGF2, aromatase, Bax, Bcl-x e Bcl-2 foram avaliados por RT-PCR em tempo real. A proliferação celular foi avaliada por imunohistoquímica para PCNA. O tratamento com leptina levou a um aumento na expressão de Bax (C=0.40.1; L=0.90.2; p<0.05), enquanto as expressões de Bcl-2 (C=19.95.6; L=5.61.8; p< 0.05) e Bcl-x (C=0.20.06; L=0.070.02; p<0.05) foram significativamente reduzidas. Não houve alteração significativa na expressão de FGF2, enquanto a expressão da aromatase foi significativamente (C=1.90.6; L=0.40.1; p<0.04) reduzida. A leptina também levou a um aumento na proliferação celular (C=21.80.5; L=64.80.9; p<0.0001). Dessa forma, concluímos que a leptina tem um importante papel na manutenção do crescimento fisiológico da próstata, desde que estimula tanto a proliferação celular como a apoptose, com diminuição na expressão do gene da aromatase. / The benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is the disease in which the prostate shows an abnormal growth and its prevalence rise up with aging. Leptin, the most well characterized adipokine, has an important role regulating the reproductive system. This paper aimed to evaluate the leptin role in the human prostate tissue, using an in vitro tissue culture system, on the cellular proliferation and the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2, aromatase enzyme and apoptotic genes. From 2009 to 2011, hyperplasic prostate tissue samples obtained by transvesical prostatectomy in fifteen patients with enlarged prostates were used. Each sample was divided in four symmetric parts which were maintained in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1 ng/mL of gentamicin and added with 16 ng/mL leptin (L) or not (C). After 3 hours gene expression of FGF2, aromatase, Bax, Bcl-x and Bcl-2 were evaluated by Real Time RT-PCR. Cellular proliferation was evaluated by imunohistochemistry for PCNA. The leptin treatment led to an increase in the expression of Bax (C=0.40.1; L=0.90.2; p<0.05) while Bcl-2 (C=19.95.6; L=5.61.8; p< 0.05) and Bcl-x (C=0.20.06; L=0.070.02; p<0.05) expressions were significantly reduced. There was no significant alteration in the FGF2 expression, while the aromatase expression was significantly (C=1.90.6; L=0.40.1; p<0.04) reduced. Leptin also resulted in an increase in cellular proliferation (C=21.80.5; L=64.80.9; p<0.0001). The conclusion is that leptin has an important role in maintaining the physiological growth of the prostate since it stimulates both cellular proliferation and apoptosis, with the decrement in the aromatase gene expression

Introdução: Gengivite descamativa (GD) se refere a uma manifestação clínica associada com diversas doenças mucocutâneas. Suas causas mais comuns são penfigóide das membranas mucosas (PMM), pênfigo vulgar (PV) e líquen plano oral (LP). A diagnose específica é melhor estabelecida através de avaliação histopatológica e de imunofluorescência. Objetivos: Examinar casos de gengivite descamativa utilizando microscopia confocal a laser e comparar os achados com aqueles encontrados na gengiva normal. Além disso, comparar os achados de microscopia confocal da gengivite descamativa com os da histopatologia convencional das lesões biopsiadas a fim de estabelecer critérios para este método diagnóstico não invasivo. Método: Doentes com manifestações clínicas de gengivite descamativa foram incluídos, totalizando quarenta e três casos. A microscopia confocal foi realizada na gengiva de um indivíduo saudável e nas lesões gengivais. Todas as lesões sem exame histopatológico prévio foram biopsiadas a fim de permitir uma correlação entre a microscopia confocal e a histopatologia. Resultados: O exame de microscopia confocal das lesões suspeitas de penfigóide das membranas mucosas revelou uma separação ao nível da junção dermo-epidérmica, preenchida por pequenas estruturas brilhantes, interpretadas como hemáceas. Os aspectos histopatológicos e de imunofluorescência confirmaram o diagnose. Para os casos de pênfigo vulgar, os achados da microscopia confocal foram de fenda intraepitelial com células arredondadas interpretadas como queratinócitos acantolíticos. Hiperqueratose e espongiose, associadas com infiltrado inflamatório, caracterizado por células pequenas e brilhantes permeando a estrutura intraepitelial de queratinócitos conhecida como favo de mel foram vistos no líquen plano. Estruturas arredondadas pouco brilhantes, interpretadas como queratinócitos necróticos, e estruturas estelares também pouco brilhantes, interpretadas como melanófagos, foram encontrados na derme. Conclusões: Propõe-se o uso da microscopia confocal como uma ferramenta adicional no diagnose e avaliação da gengivite descamativa / Background: Desquamative gingivitis refers to a clinical manifestation associated with several mucocutaneous disorders. The most common are mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris and lichen planus. Their specific diagnosis is better established by histopathological and immunofluorescence evaluation. Objective: To examine cases of desquamative gingivitis using reflectance confocal microscopy and compare the findings with those of normal gingiva. Moreover, confocal microscopy findings in desquamative gingivitis were compared to conventional histopathology of the biopsied lesions, in order to establish criteria for this non-invasive diagnostic technique. Methods: Patients with clinical manifestations of desquamative gingivitis were included, totalizing forty-three cases. Reflectance confocal microscopy was performed the gingival of a healthy person and on gingival lesions. All lesions were biopsied in order to perform a reflectance confocal microscopy- histopathologic correlation. Results: Reflectance confocal microscopy exam of the gingival lesions suspected of mucous membrane pemphigoid revealed a separation at the level of dermal-epidermal junction, filled with small bright structures interpreted as blood cells. Histopathological and immunofluorescence aspects confirmed the diagnosis. For pemphigus vulgaris, reflectance confocal microscopy aspects were of intraepithelial cleft with round detached cells interpreted as acantholytic keratinocytes, similar to the histopathological features. Hyperkeratosis and spongiosis associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells, recognized as small bright cells intermingling the honeycomb keratinocyte epithelial structure, were seen in lichen planus. Mild bright round structures interpreted as necrotic keratinocytes and mild bright stellate structures, interpreted as melanophages in the dermis were also seen. These features were present in histopathology, confirming the diagnosis of lichen planus. Conclusion: We propose the use of reflectance confocal microscopy as an additional tool in diagnosis and evaluation of desquamative gingivitis

No description available.

No description available.

Background: The Mountain Home Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center has been diagnosing and treating veterans with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) for almost 2 decades. The clinic protocol includes a 2-week follow-up visit to determine the treatment outcome of the canalith repositioning treatment (CRT). To date, the characteristics of BPPV and treatment efficacy have not been reported in a cohort of veterans with BPPV. Purpose: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of veterans diagnosed with BPPV in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center Audiology Clinic and to examine treatment outcomes. Research Design: Retrospective chart review. Study Sample: A total of 102 veterans who tested positive for BPPV in the Vestibular Clinic at the Mountain Home VA Medical Center from March 2010 to August 2011. Results: In 102 veterans who were diagnosed with BPPV, the posterior semicircular canal was most often involved (75%), motion-provoked vertigo was the most common symptom (84%), and the majority (43%) were diagnosed with BPPV in their sixth decade. The prevalence of BPPV in the Audiology Vestibular Clinic was 15.6%. Forty-one percent of veterans reported a symptom onset within 12 months of treatment for BPPV; however, 36% reported their symptoms began > 36 months prior to treatment. CRT was effective (negative Dix–Hallpike/roll test) in most veterans (86%) following 1 treatment appointment (M = 1.6), but more than half reported incomplete symptom resolution (residual dizziness) at the follow-up appointment. Eighteen percent of veterans experienced a recurrence (M = 1.8 years; SD = 1.7 years). Conclusions: The characteristics and treatment outcomes of BPPV in our veteran cohort was similar to what has been reported in the general population. Future work should focus on improving the timeliness of evaluation and treatment of BPPV and examining the time course and management of residual dizziness.

The use of positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging in oncology has grown rapidly in recent years. 2-[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most common tracer of PET, although drawbacks exist. Radiolabeled 1-[11C]-acetate (C-AC) is a simple probe for evaluation of perfusion, anabolism (lipogenesis) and catabolism (oxidative metabolism) in all living tissues. This study explored the potential of AC PET in head and neck cancer, benign and malignant lymph nodes in prostate cancer and normal distribution.  In head and neck cancer, C-AC PET detected more primaries and lymph node metastases than FDG PET. The mean primary tumor volumes delineated by C-AC was 51% larger than that of FDG before radiotherapy (RT). Both FDG and C-AC PET tumor volumes must be carefully validated before used in clinical routine. Baseline tumor clearance rate (kmono) was higher in complete responders (CR) than that in partial responders (PR). kmono tended to correlate inversely with FDG SUV at baseline. Radiosensitive tumors might rely predominantly on oxidative metabolism for their biogenetic needs. kmono increased in PR during RT. The potential reversibility of impaired kmono in radioresistant tumors imply that treatment targeting the intermediary metabolism might improve the outcome. Tumor relative perfusion index (rF) and kmono were coupled in CR throughout the RT, but not in PR. Dynamic C-AC PET provides a new non-invasive method to simultaneously evaluate the tumor oxidative metabolism and perfusion which link the RT response in patients by a single tracer injection. In prostate cancer, elevated C-AC accumulation is common in benign inguinal lymph nodes, probably due to increased lipogenesis rather than lymphatic drainage. CT Hounsfield unit of benign nodes was lower than that of metastases, suggesting that density measurement using CT might improve the specificity of nodal staging of prostate cancer. A novel tracer 2-[18F]-fluoroacetate (F-AC) was synthesized and used for dynamic PET-CT imaging in animals. Compared with C-AC PET-CT, F-AC showed prolonged blood retention, no detectable trapping in myocardium and salivary glands, rapid excretion from liver to bile and urine and de-fluorination resulting in intensive skeletal activity. F-AC does not mimic the normal physiologic path of C-AC and appears to be of little use for assessment of perfusion, intermediary metabolism or lipogenesis.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in solid organs of old men. However, the patients are nearly 100 percent survivable if detected early. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a valuable prostate cancer biomarker that is now wildly used for population screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. But PSA is not good enough for a biomarker because it can not distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) from prostate tumor . Recently, there are some tumor marker still in study, for example: free prostate specific antigen¡]fPSA), complexed prostate specific antigen (C-PSA), kallikrein,prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). From previously study,we had found many different protein expressions between serum of normal and prostate patients. Mayven is one of the novel proteins that had been identified. The mRNA expression of Mayven in prostate cancer tissue is determined by quantitative RT-PCR. The result shows that the mRNA expression of Mayven in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is about 5.0-11.3 fold than normal tissue , 12.7 fold in Prostate Cancer (PCa) stage T1 and 0.1- 3.7 fold after cancer stage T2. The Mayven gene expression is predominate in tumor stage T1, decrease after T2 stage. However the expressed pattern of mayven in BPH remains further investigation due to the limited sample size. Furthermore, with 2 dimensional electrophoresis (2¡VDE), we have found 7 differentially expressed proteins between tissue of normal and prostate patients, and these proteins are identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and MS-Fit. These identified proteins are Keratin 8¡]KRT8¡^, MAPKkinase5¡]MAP2K5¡^, Acid phosphatase (ACPP), Annexin A3¡]ANXA3¡^, Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), Spindlin-like protein 2 (SPIN2) and Transgelin 2¡]TAGLN2¡^.

Background: To compare the clinical value of the measurement of complex and total PSA in the discrimination between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. Methods: In serum samples collected from 166 men with histopathologically proven clinically localized prostate cancer and of 97 men with BPH, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), complexed PSA and the free to total PSA ratio were determined. The statistical analysis was done by the comparison of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The areas under the ROC curves were 0.776 for total PSA, 0.799 for complexed PSA (total PSA vs. cPSA: p < 0.0001) and 0.812 for the free to total PSA ratio. With a cut-off of 3.0 ng/ml for complexed PSA, the sensitivity was 90%, the specificity 58%, the positive and the negative predictive values 79 and 78%, respectively. With a cut-off of 4.0 ng/ml for total PSA, the sensitivity was 87%, the specificity 59%, the positive and the negative predictive values were 78 and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant advantage for complexed PSA compared to total PSA in the discrimination between BPH and prostate cancer. The difference was, however, small and its clinical relevance is questionable. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Dizziness and balance problems are common symptoms at all ages. The aims were; to evaluate rehabilitation, static, dynamic balance and recovery in acute unilateral vestibular loss (AUVL), to evaluate the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) with assessment of static and dynamic balance and to evaluate the prevalence of dizziness and BPPV in a population of 75-year-olds. Study 1: Twenty-seven patients (51years) with AUVL were included and the recovery was followed regarding vestibular function, dizziness, and sick-leave. The recovery was rapid, with disappearance of spontaneous nystagmus and rapid return to work. Study II: Forty two patents (51 years) with AUVL were included and compared with a reference group. Static and dynamic balance were assessed after six months. Significant instability was found both in static and dynamic balance compared to a reference group. Study III: Seventeen patients (52 years) with severe BPPV (&gt; 3 months) were treated with Semonts´s manouver and/or Brandt-Daroff exercises. The recovery was evaluated by Dix-Hallpike test, subjective dizziness, unsteadiness and balance tests, after 1, 6 and 12 months. Semont´s maneouver resolved dizziness but the long term follow up showed impaired balance. Study IV: A large cohort (675) of elderly was assessed regarding dizziness and BPPV. Side lying test and balance tests were applied. A high prevalence of dizziness (36%) and BPPV (11%) was found. Conclusions: Patients with AUVL and BPPV have despite good symptomatic relief, still impaired static and dynamic balance at long term follow up. BPPV in elderly is common and should be examined since it can be treated.

Submitted by Kirla Ferreira (kirlacardoso@outlook.com) on 2018-03-27T13:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final.pdf: 1734762 bytes, checksum: 58702523e1dfcfd8be1d38bc6cab44aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Nunes Ferreira (debora.nunes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-28T15:55:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final.pdf: 1734762 bytes, checksum: 58702523e1dfcfd8be1d38bc6cab44aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-28T16:08:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final.pdf: 1734762 bytes, checksum: 58702523e1dfcfd8be1d38bc6cab44aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T16:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final.pdf: 1734762 bytes, checksum: 58702523e1dfcfd8be1d38bc6cab44aa (MD5) / Envy has become popular as a marketing tool, and marketers are not only trying to evoke envy but also trying to convince consumers to use their products and brands to provoke envy in other consumers, so brands are strengthened. However, I demonstrate that malicious envy leads consumers to be more likely to choose a competing brand (analysis 2), and while benign envy increases consumers’ attitude toward a brand, malicious envy decreases their attitude toward a brand (analysis 3). Moreover, analysis 1 demonstrates that the effects of deservingness on malicious envy has a moderator factor (type of relationship) that affects how undeservingness is perceived, in terms of luck and deceit. The objective is to investigate the influence of deservingness and type of relationship (like or dislike a person) on benign and malicious envy, and the role of such envy subtypes on brand choice and brand attitude. The findings introduce a more nuanced view of the undeservingness effects and type of relationship, and contribute to the literature on brands and emotions, showing that each envy subtype brings different consequences for brands. / A inveja tornou-se popular como uma ferramenta de marketing, e os profissionais de marketing não somente tentam evocar inveja como também tentam convencer os consumidores a usar seus produtos e marcas para provocar inveja em outros consumidores, de modo que as marcas sejam fortalecidas. No entanto, eu demonstro que a inveja maligna leva os consumidores a serem mais propensos a escolher uma marca concorrente (análise 2), e enquanto a inveja benigna aumenta a atitude dos consumidores em relação a uma marca, a inveja maligna diminui a atitude em relação a marca (análise 3). Além disso, a análise 1 demonstra que os efeitos do merecimento na inveja maligna têm um fator moderador (tipo de relacionamento), que afeta como o merecimento é percebido, em termos de sorte e engano. O objetivo é investigar a influência do merecimento e do tipo de relacionamento (gostar ou não de uma pessoa) sobre a inveja benigna e maligna, e o papel dos subtipos de inveja na escolha de marca e na atitude de marca. Os resultados introduzem uma visão mais detalhada dos efeitos do merecimento e tipo de relacionamento, e contribuem para a literatura sobre marcas e emoções, mostrando que cada subtipo da inveja do consumidor traz diferentes conseqüências para as marcas.