A escassez de água é um dos maiores desafios do nosso século. Parece mentira, uma vez que do planeta são ocupados por água. Essa abundância aparente leva-nos a considerar a água como um elemento barato, farto e inesgotável. Contudo, desse total, 97,5% são de água salgada, restando 2,5% de água doce, dos quais 1,75% formam geleiras, sendo, portanto, inacessíveis. E o pior: a exploração irracional da água doce armazenada nos lençóis subterrâneos, rios e lagos está ameaçando a magra fatia de 0,75% da água que pode ser usada pelo homem. Se a escassez e a poluição já são problemas concretos em muitos países, os quais já instituíram um efetivo gerenciamento de seus recursos hídricos, no Brasil a preocupação de cientistas e ambientalistas nem sempre é levada a sério. Afinal, temos mais de 12% da água potável do globo. No entanto, esta riqueza é extremamente mal distribuída: cerca de 80% estão na região amazônica; os 20% restantes distribuem-se desigualmente pelo país, atendendo a 95% da população. Cada vez que chove, milhões de litros de água, que normalmente deveram se infiltrar no solo correm pelos telhados e pelo asfalto até acabar em um rio poluído, sem nenhuma possibilidade de uso. E essa água pode e deve ser aproveitada, tanto para evitar enchentes quanto para economizar recursos hídricos e financeiros. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estruturar um projeto de um sistema de coleta e aproveitamento da água de chuva, para fins não potáveis, para uma edificação a ser construída nas instalações de uma indústria de reparo e construção naval. Para tanto, foi apresentada uma metodologia cuja tecnologia para captação e aproveitamento da água de chuva baseou-se num levantamento bibliográfico e foi validada através da aplicação em um estudo de caso. Espera-se que este trabalho seja o ponto de partida para muitos outros dentro da indústria, procurando incentivar o aproveitamento da água de chuva para consumo não potável e criando assim uma consciência ecológica em todos os níveis da empresa, contribuindo dessa forma para a sustentabilidade. / The shortage of water is one of the largest challenges of the century. It seems lie, once of the planet are busy for water. That "abundance" apparent group to consider the water as an element cheap, full and inexhaustible. However, of that total one, 97,5% are of salt water, remaining 2,5% of fresh water, of which 1,75% form glaciers, being, therefore, inaccessible. And the worst: the irrational exploration of the fresh water stored at the underground sheets, rivers and lakes is threatening the thin slice of 0,75% of the water that can be used by the man. If the shortage and the pollution are already concrete problems in many countries, which already instituted a cash administration of their hydric resources, in Brazil the scientists concern and environmentalists not always it is taken seriously. After all, it is had more than 12% of the drinking water of the globe. However, this wealth is extremely badly distributed: about 80% they are in the Amazonian area; the remaining 20% are distributed unevenly by the country, assisting to 95% of the population. Every time that rains, million of liters of water, that would usually owe if it infiltrates in the soil, they run for the roofs and for the asphalt until ending in a polluted river, without any use possibility. And that water can and it should be taken advantage, so much to avoid inundations as to save hydric resources and financial. In that way, the objective of this work was it of structuring a project of a collection system and use of the rain water, for ends no drinkable, for a construction to be built in the facilities of a repair industry and shipbuilding. For so much, a methodology was presented whose technology for reception and use of the rain water based on a bibliographical rising and it was validated through the application in a case study. It is waited that this work is the starting point for many other inside of the industry, trying to motivate the use of the rain water for consumption no drinkable and creating like this an ecological conscience in all of the levels of the company, contributing in that way to the sustainability.

A pesquisa intitulada de Espaços de ensino-aprendizagem com qualidade ambiental: o processo metodológico para elaboração de um anteprojeto tem como objeto de estudo o espaço físico onde são realizadas as atividades de ensino e aprendizagem em uma escola. O objetivo final é exemplificar, através de estudos preliminares para um anteprojeto de uma escola pública de 1° grau, o processo metodológico para a elaboração de projetos com qualidade ambiental (térmica, luminosa, acústica, visual e ergonômica). A metodologia da pesquisa compreende: a revisão bibliográfica sobre conforto ambiental em escolas e arquitetura bioclimática; a proposta de etapas que configuram uma metodologia de projeto com enfoque ambiental; os estudos preliminares para um anteprojeto de escola; a verificação do desempenho térmico e luminoso das salas de aula propostas. Essa pesquisa busca mostrar que é possível, dentro da rotina habitual e do exercício profissional dos arquitetos, incorporar a metodologia de projeto aqui apresentada para se alcançar a relação ótima entre forma, estética, racionalidade construtiva, custo, conforto ambiental e eficiência energética. / This research, entitled Teaching and learning spaces with environmental quality: the methodological process for buildings design has the space where the teaching and learning activities take place in a school as the main subject. The final goal is to use a design of a public elementary school to give an example of the methodological process of projects building with environmental quality (thermal, lighting, acoustic, visual and ergonomic). The research methodology involves: the bibliographic revision of environmental comfort in schools and bioclimatic architecture; one proposal of stages to build together a project methodology with environmental focus; the preliminary studies for a school project; thermal and lighting performance verification of the proposed classrooms. This research aims to show that it is possible - during the architects\' routine and professional activity - to adopt the methodological process presented here in order to achieve the optimal ratio among shape, esthetics, constructive rationality, economic cost, environmental comfort and energy efficiency.

Dans les pays en voie de développement, le rythme croissant de l’urbanisation entraîne un rapprochement rapide des habitations aux infrastructures des transports (aéroports, aérogares). En plus de ces constats, les conditions difficiles d’accès aux ressources énergétiques et l’inadéquation des techniques de construction avec le climat et l’environnement, les pays tropicaux doivent s’orienter vers les techniques favorisant l’utilisation du potentiel de construction durable (concepts passifs et bioclimatiques) afin de garantir les conforts (aspects acoustique et thermique) des habitants au sein des bâtiments. Le potentiel de construction durable, actuellement faiblement exploré, est très important dans ces pays. Face à ces défis, le concept de bâtiment durable est l’une des meilleures alternatives pour tisser l’harmonie entre le bâtiment et son environnement. Les techniques de construction durable passent par la connaissance parfaite du site, du climat local, les besoins de conforts (aspects acoustique et thermique) des habitants. Dans le cadre de notre contribution à ces problématiques, une étude d’évaluation de risques affectant les performances des bâtiments a été initiée. Toutefois, la majeure partie des travaux qu'on retrouve dans la littérature se focalise sur l’utilisation des approches analytiques qui s’avèrent parfois insuffisantes, en l’absence de la prise en compte des réalités pratiques. Une méthodologie d’analyse et d’évaluation des risques affectant la performance dans les bâtiments basée sur l’approche de capitalisation et d’exploitation des connaissances issues des processus de retour d’expérience est développée. Deux bâtiments tests (un bâtiment aéroportuaire et un bâtiment résidentiel du type F3B) sont choisis à Bamako afin d’appliquer la méthode d’évaluation avec le concours des experts, des techniciens du secteur du bâtiment et des usagers. Pour le premier bâtiment, l’évaluation est relative aux risques affectant la performance acoustique dans le contexte aéroportuaire tandis pour le second, elle est relative aux risques affectant la performance énergétique dans le contexte bioclimatique. L’effort se concentre sur l'identification des non qualités et des facteurs d’inconfort dont la résolution contribue à améliorer la performance acoustique, énergétique et environnementale des bâtiments. Pour ce faire, des visites de terrain (enquêtes auprès des usagers des bâtiments et interviews auprès des acteurs de la construction) ont été réalisées pour identifier d’une part les besoins et le comportement des habitants et d’autre part les techniques et les connaissances pratiques des acteurs de construction. Des fiches de questionnaires ainsi que des capteurs de mesures in situ (thermomètres, hygromètres et sonomètres) et des logiciels de traitements de données sont utilisés comme outils pour l’évaluation de risques affectant les performances sur les bâtiments tests. Des investigations sous forme de mesures in situ des paramètres (de températures, d’humidité et de niveaux de pression acoustique) respectivement à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du bâtiment aéroportuaire et du bâtiment résidentiel du type F3B sont menées à l’aide de ces capteurs. Ces données sont ensuite traitées à l’aide des logiciels de traitements de données pour intégrer les connaissances et stratégies de construction durable. La capitalisation des informations issues de ces études sert de retour d’expérience à travers des propositions de solutions correctives et de bonnes pratiques pour la résolution des problèmes de performance (les pathologies, les dommages, et les autres dysfonctionnements) observés sur les bâtiments. / In developing countries, the growing importance of urbanization is bringing housing closer to transport infrastructure (airports, air terminals). Beside these observations, the difficult conditions of access to energy resources and the construction techniques inadequacy with the climate and the environment must enable tropical countries to move towards lasting potential construction techniques and use (passive, bioclimatic concepts) in order to guarantee the comfort (acoustic, thermal) of the inhabitants within the buildings. The sustainable construction potential, poorly explored, is very important in these countries. In the face of these challenges, the lasting buildings concept is one of the best alternatives for weaving harmony between the building and its environment. Lasting construction techniques go through a perfect knowledge of the site, the local climate and the inhabitants needs of comfort (acoustic, thermal). As part of our contribution to these issues, a risk assessment study and risk factors for building performance are initiated. However, most of the literature works focuses on the analytical approaches use that are sometimes insufficient, in the absence of taking into account practical realities. An analysis and assessment of risk performance methodology in buildings based on the capitalization and knowledge exploitation approach from return experience processes is developed. Two test buildings (an airport building and a F3B type residential building) are chosen in Bamako in order to apply the evaluation method with experts’ assistance, building technicians and users. For the first building, the assessment is relative to acoustic performance risks in the airport context while for the second; it relative to energy performance risks in the bioclimatic context. The effort focuses on the identification of non-qualities and the discomfort factors whose resolution contributes to improving the building acoustic, energy and environmental performance. To do this, field visits (surveys with building users and interviews with construction stakeholders) were conducted to identify on the one hand the residents’ needs and behavior and on the other hand, the construction actors’ techniques and practical knowledge. Questionnaire forms as well as measuring sensors in-situ (thermometers, hygrometers and sound level meter) and data processing software are used as tools for the performance risks assessment on test buildings. Investigations in the form of in-situ measurements, parameters (temperature, humidity and sound pressure levels) respectively inside and outside the airport and residential building type F3B are carried out with these sensors. These data are then treated with data processing software to integrate lasting construction knowledge and strategies. The capitalization of the information from these studies serves as experience feedback through corrective solutions propositions and good practices for the performance problems resolution (pathologies, damages, and others dysfunctions) observed on buildings.

Le bâti traditionnel dans le bassin méditerranéen, avec son riche parcours historique, reflète les nécessités socioculturelles pour lesquelles il a été construit. Les besoins environnementaux interagissent et se superposent en déterminant, en milieu urbain, des solutions typologiques et constructives récurrentes. Les solutions architecturales du bâtiment historique méditerranéen présentent des qualités formelles, structurelles et fonctionnelles remarquables et, grâce à la capacité d'adaptation au contexte climatique local, elles garantissent également un bon niveau de confort environnemental interne. De nos jours, la nécessité de réduire les consommations d’énergie dans le domaine de la construction entraîne le développement de la recherche vers des solutions innovantes qui combinent l’expérimentation sur les nouveaux matériaux et technologies, et la réappropriation des connaissances et des principes de construction de l’architecture « traditionnelle » en milieu dense. Porté par ces thématiques, étendues aux interactions entre les éléments du bâti et l’ensemble des facteurs qui participent à la détermination du confort intérieur des usagers dans les bâtiments traditionnels en région méditerranéenne, notre questionnement de base est parti des interrogations suivantes : pouvons-nous récupérer des savoir-faire techniques perdus ou oubliés pour répondre aux problématiques actuelles de réduction de consommation énergétique des bâtiments ? Comment réinterpréter certains aspects caractéristiques des bâtiments traditionnels avec les technologies et matériaux contemporains ? Quels outils de conception sont à mettre en place? Nous voulions ainsi reconstruire un modèle d'architecture traditionnelle en se concentrant sur une ville en particulier, Palerme, pour sa capacité à illustrer, à travers ses phases historiques, l'évolution d'une métropole méditerranéenne; sur tous les sous-systèmes (ville, bâtiment, composant constructif), nous retrouvons l’idée de transmission, avec des qualités implicites de permanence, d’héritage, de répétition et de durabilité. Ce choix nous permet, également, de cerner notre champ de recherche sans se perdre dans la multitude de variables possibles. En s’appuyant sur des recherches scientifiques actuelles et passées, et sur des calculs numériques réalisés, nous essaierons d’évaluer les performances énergétiques de cette architecture qui est souvent considérée comme une forme empirique d’architecture « bioclimatique ».La connaissance du comportement thermique de ce bâti représente une phase préparatoire fondamentale afin de proposer des outils de conception pour la modélisation et l’évaluation thermique de systèmes technologiques innovants, capables de réinterpréter certains aspects de l’architecture traditionnelle avec la mise en place de matériaux ou techniques contemporains / With its rich history, the traditional building in the Mediterranean Basin reflects the socio-cultural needs for which it was built: environmental needs interact and overlap, determining cyclic typological and constructive solutions in urban areas. The architectural solutions of the historic Mediterranean building have remarkable formal, structural and functional qualities and, thanks to their ability to adapt to the local climate context, they also guarantee a good level of internal environmental comfort. The need to reduce energy consumption in the construction field leads today towards the research of innovative solutions that combine experimentation on new materials and technologies and the re-appropriation of knowledge and principles of ‘traditional’ architecture in a dense environment.Moving from these considerations, and taking into account the interactions between the elements of the frame and all the factors involved in determining the internal user’s comfort in traditional buildings in the Mediterranean Region, we asked the following questions: can we recover lost or forgotten technical know-how to answer the current problems of reduction of buildings energy consumption? How to reinterpret certain peculiar aspects of traditional buildings with contemporary technologies and materials? What design tools are needed? We wanted to reconstruct a model of traditional architecture by focusing on a particular city, Palermo, due to its ability to illustrate the evolution of a Mediterranean metropolis through its historical phases; in all subsystems - city, building, component - we find the idea of transmission with implicit qualities of permanence, inheritance, repetition and durability. This choice also allows us to define our field of research without getting lost in the multitude of possible variables. Based on past and current scientific research, along with numerical calculations, we will try to evaluate the energy performance of this architecture, often considered as an empirical form of ‘bioclimatic’ architecture.The knowledge of the thermal behaviour of this building represents a pivotal preparatory phase in order to propose design tools for the modelling and thermal evaluation of innovative technological systems, capable of reinterpreting certain aspects of traditional architecture with the introduction of materials or contemporary techniques

[pt] Esta dissertação trata da aplicação de conceitos de bioclimatismo ao desenho urbano, com foco no ambiente térmico. Estudos demonstram que o clima urbano está diretamente relacionado à forma da cidade. Um ambiente saudável, com uso eficiente dos recursos naturais é uma das principais metas de uma cidade sustentável, e o projeto urbano bioclimático pode contribuir para melhorar o bem estar e ampliar a sustentabilidade dos espaços urbanos contemporâneos. O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar em que medida os aspectos climáticos e de conforto térmico são considerados na definição dos traçados em áreas de expansão e renovação urbana. O estudo de caso é o projeto do Porto Olímpico, na área Portuária da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, hoje uma área de grande importância estratégica e ambiental para a cidade. A metodologia aplicada foi adaptada a partir do trabalho de autores que tratam do tema do bioclimatismo sob múltiplos enfoques. As categorias de análise se baseiam nas características da forma urbana, enquanto condicionantes do clima urbano, segundo princípios e estratégias do projeto urbano bioclimático. São adequadas a uma análise de projeto em nível de estudo preliminar, e à escala intermediária do bairro/área/setor. A análise evidencia, ainda numa fase preliminar de projeto, o grau de consideração de aspectos bioclimáticos na definição do tecido urbano, permitindo identificar necessidades de novas verificações e fundamentar decisões de projeto na direção de uma forma urbana mais adequada às condições climáticas locais. / [en] This Master s thesis deals with the application of bioclimatism concepts to urban designs, with focus on thermal environments. Inspired by vernacular architecture techniques, bioclimatism comprises, in a systematic way, studies of climatology, biology, technology and architecture. It seeks harmony between already built and natural spaces for human comfort. As a multidisciplinary area of knowledge, it brings the progressive systematization and evolution of its original goals, i.e., building not only with focus on comfort, but also on using the energy potential of a given location. While constituting its habitat, the perception of climatic phenomena was fundamental to humanity in order to find adequate responses in search of protection, comfort and thermal balance, which are essential items to humanity s well-being and survival. These responses were materialized in the architectural and urban expressions of human settlements, characteristic of various regions of the world and eras of civilization. This evolution took place according to the degree of knowledge, technological development and culture of the regions. A healthy environment, with efficient use of natural resources, is one of the main goals of a sustainable city. The bioclimatic urban project is inserted in this concept and can contribute to improve the well-being and enhance the sustainability of contemporary urban spaces. Studies show that the urban climate is directly related to the form of a city. Performing urban designs without taking environmental impacts into consideration often has negative consequences for the environment and, consequently, for the health and comfort of the inhabitants.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1676.pdf: 2206138 bytes, checksum: c83c9d5aa6bb880c23dbdaa15df8077f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / This work aims to analyze the thermal behavior of a green roof with the Braquiária grass (Brachiaria humidicola), that reaches 1m height, comparing it with a traditional roof (concrete slab on show). Considering temperature and relative humidity data obtained through field measurements in different months, the thermal performance of the green and traditional roofs was analyzed. The inside and outside temperatures, and inside superficial of two test-cells were analyzed. The outside superficial temperatures were estimated through computation program and the solar radiation data and wind speed, necessaries for the use of this program, were provided by the Water Resource and Applied Ecology Center (CRHEA,) and the Engineering School of São Carlos (EESC), both from the University of São Paulo (USP). The results indicate that, submitted to the local climate, the green roof presents optimum performance, particularly for decreasing the temperatures of external and internal roof surfaces. In the same test-cell it was recently realized a similar research, which used the Esmeralda grass (Zoysia japonica), a short vegetation. Comparing the measurement results for cold and hot periods, it was noticed differences between the thermal performance of the two grasses. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o comportamento térmico de uma cobertura ajardinada com a grama Braquiária (Brachiaria humidicola), que atinge 1m de altura, comparando-a com a de uma cobertura tradicional (laje exposta). Considerando-se os dados obtidos por meio de monitoramentos com aparelhos registradores de temperaturas e umidades relativas, em diferentes épocas do ano, analisou-se o comportamento térmico das coberturas tradicional e verde. Foram medidas as temperaturas do ar no interior e no exterior das células-teste e as superficiais internas de ambas as células. As temperaturas superficiais externas foram estimadas por programa computacional e os dados de radiação solar e velocidade do vento, necessários para a utilização desse programa, foram fornecidos pelo Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada (CRHEA) e pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), ambos da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Os resultados indicam que, submetida ao clima local, a cobertura ajardinada apresenta ótimo desempenho, particularmente por amortecer as temperaturas das superfícies externas e internas da cobertura. Nessa mesma célula-teste realizou-se recentemente uma pesquisa similar, mas que utilizou a grama Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica), uma vegetação rasteira. Comparando-se os resultados dos monitoramentos realizados, nos períodos de frio e calor, foram detectadas diferenças entre os comportamentos térmicos das duas gramas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte2.pdf: 3113421 bytes, checksum: b704ffa7fd1d396215acb511fc38d8de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In order to adequate town planning and architecture to the climate in a certain place it is necessary to build spaces that offer comfortable conditions for human beings. As the hot and dry climate presents more challenges regarding higrotermic comfort in the environment, it implies a major need to create micro-climates and, thus, town planning and construction solutions that ease the climatic conditions and attend human needs of environmental comfort. To be able to understand the environmental problems that result from the town planning in a certain region it is essential to study the urban climate in that region. The definition of the study object in this dissertation is, in this context, the interaction between town planning phenomena and the climate in the towns, specifically the town of Monteiro, localized in the semi-arid region in the interior of the State of Paraíba in North-Eastern Brazil. The issue put as the problem is how to elaborate urban and architectonic plans for towns with semi-arid climate, that respond to the human needs of environmental comfort. With the purpose to answer this question, a field study was realized with five portable climatologic stations distributed in different points in the town. These climatologic stations measured the velocity and the direction of the wind, the temperature and the relative humidity of the air during November, historically considered the hottest month of the year. The climatic data and the environmental variables of the town, such as soil use, density, forestation, orientation of the streets, etc, were studied using the methodology proposed by Monteiro (1976) and Bustos Romero (2001). The first part of this work presents the climatic data from every measuring point, comparing its external and internal behaviour, with the purpose to understand how different kinds of buildings, and the space around them, contribute to smoothen the climatic conditions within every building. The second part analyses and compares the data from all the points with the climatic data from the closest meteorological station, localized in the neighbouring municipality of Sertânia, State of Pernambuco. After having analyzed the configurations of the urban climate in question and having correlated the possible problems that can have influenced the climate in every measuring point, the study indicates guidelines for town planning and constructions that can improve the environmental comfort in the town of Monteiro. / Adequar o urbanismo e a arquitetura ao clima de um determinado local significa construir espaços que possibilitem ao homem condições de conforto. O clima quente e seco, por apresentar maiores adversidades quanto ao conforto higrotérmico do ambiente, implica uma necessidade maior de criação de microclimas e, portanto, adaptações urbanísticas e construtivas que amenizem e atendam o ser humano no que diz respeito ao conforto ambiental. Realizar um estudo sobre o clima urbano de uma região é essencial para a compreensão dos problemas ambientais resultantes da urbanização desta região. A definição do objeto de estudo desta pesquisa se inscreve neste contexto de interação entre fenômenos da urbanização e o clima das cidades, especificamente a cidade de Monteiro, localizada em uma região de clima semi-árido, no Estado da Paraíba. Portanto, a questão que se coloca como problema é a de como elaborar o planejamento urbano e arquitetônico em cidades de clima semi-árido, que atendam as necessidades do conforto ambiental para o ser humano. No intuito de responder essa questão foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo na cidade, utilizando cinco estações climatológicas portáteis distribuídas em regiões distintas da cidade, as quais mediram a velocidade e direção dos ventos, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, durante o mês de novembro, mês historicamente considerado o mais quente do ano. Os dados climáticos e as variáveis ambientais da cidade, tais como uso do solo, densidade, arborização, orientação das vias, entre outras, foram estudadas seguindo a metodologia proposta por Monteiro (1976) e Bustos Romero (2001). Na primeira fase do estudo são apresentados os dados climáticos de cada ponto de medição comparando o seu comportamento externo e interno, no intuito de compreender de que forma a edificação e seu entorno contribuem para a amenização das variáveis climáticas internas em cada edificação. A segunda fase analisa comparativamente os dados de todos os pontos em relação aos dados climáticos da estação agrometeorólogica mais próxima, localizada no município vizinho, Sertânia/PE. Após analisar as configurações do clima urbano estudado e correlacionar os problemas que podem ter influenciado o clima em cada ponto de estudo, são indicadas diretrizes urbanísticas e construtivas, de forma a auxiliar na melhoria do conforto ambiental na cidade de Monteiro/PB.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandoCCF_DISSERT.pdf: 5877955 bytes, checksum: 170df9e33842b01af35ae7a67bcb3d45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This research presents a study investigating the correlation between the environmental-physycal charcateristics of cities and the formation of its micro-climates. The study was conducted in the central area of Fortaleza characterized as a stable and consolidated area, where the city originated and currently faces serious problems in its urban dynamics. The points of measurements were determined by the elaboration and analysis of topography maps, height of buildings, land use, type of surface coating and vegetation, following the methodology of Katzschner (1997). A zoning map was then determined, according to common morphological characteristics of the 12 measurement points, which were based on a set of Romero s (2001) bioclimatic criteria. Air measurements, temperature, humidity, intensity and direction of winds were made in transect form in two different circuits in the study area, with six points of data collection in each area, in three different times: 6:00 am, 1:00pm and 7:00pm, during two periods of the year: August 2008 and March 2009. The results verified the influence of different environmental-physical types in the behavior of the climatic variables that were collected. A verticaliza??o t?o condenada em algumas situa??es se bem equilibrada e controlada pode reduzir as temperaturas do ar atrav?s do sombreamento dos espa?os urbanos e possibilidade de maior permeabilidade a ventila??o natural. The highest average air temperature and lower humidity were recorded at the point I at all times. This situation may have been in result of the high density, poor vegetation and extended paving of the ground. According to the results, it s clear the positive influence vegetation has on easing air temperature. Another indicator observed that areas with a greater variation in building heights tend to present decreased average air temperature. High rise structure, planned in accordance to urban air quality parameters, can reduce air temperatures by the shading of urban spaces and the possibility of greater penetration of natural ventilation / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo que investiga a correla??o entre os componentes f?sico-ambientais das cidades e a forma??o dos seus micro-climas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na zona central de Fortaleza caracterizada como uma ?rea j? consolidada onde se originou a cidade e que atualmente enfrenta s?rios problemas em sua din?mica urbana. Os pontos de medi??es foram determinados a partir da elabora??o e an?lise de mapas da topografia, altura das edifica??es, uso do solo, tipo de revestimento de superf?cie e vegeta??o seguindo a metodologia de Katzschner (1997). Em seguida se determinou um zoneamento de acordo com caracter?sticas morfol?gicas em comum relativas aos 12 pontos de medi??o que foram caracterizados a partir de uma ficha bioclim?tica elaborada com base na metodologia de Romero (2001). As medi??es de temperatura do ar, umidade do ar e intensidade e dire??o dos ventos foram realizadas na forma de transectos em dois circuitos diferentes na ?rea de estudo, com seis pontos de coletas de dados em cada um deles, em tr?s hor?rios do distintos: 6:00h, 13:00h e 19:00h e em dois per?odos do ano agosto de 2008 e mar?o de 2009. Os resultados constataram a influ?ncia das vari?veis f?sico-ambientais no comportamento das vari?veis clim?ticas coletadas. As maiores m?dias de temperatura do ar e menor umidade foram registradas no ponto I em todos os hor?rios. Est? situa??o pode ter ocorrido pela alta densidade constru?da, pouca cobertura vegetal e alto ?ndice de pavimenta??o do solo. De acordo com os resultados apresentados destacou-se a influ?ncia da cobertura vegetal na ameniza??o da temperatura do ar. Outro indicador observado nos resultados recomenda que ?reas que oferecem maior varia??o na altura das edifica??es tendem a redu??o nas m?dias de temperatura do ar. A verticaliza??o planejada de acordo com os par?metros de qualidade do clima urbano pode reduzir a temperatura do ar atrav?s do sombreamento dos espa?os urbanos e maior rugosidade do tecido urbano para permeabilidade da ventila??o natural

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sheila Oliveira de Carvalho_ate cap3.pdf: 2347584 bytes, checksum: bd0e6ee31cea516e102449fecf45d506 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / This research investigates the microclimate and the morphology features of the central campus of the UFRN, in Natal-RN, through the use of bioclimatic tools of analysis in order to assist the implementation of the campus? Master Plan. It develops a diagnosis of the evolution and growth of the urban space surveyed by analyzing its initial plan and the basic urban conception behind it, as well as the morphology and typologies utilized. The study makes a qualitative analysis of the local microclimate by using Katzschner (1997) methodology, with land-use and topography maps, building heights, vegetation and soil covering. It also makes use of the methodology proposed by Oliveira (1993), which examines, from the bioclimatic standpoint, the human environment as related to the urban form (site and built mass). It identifies zones whose climatic characteristics are representative of the local microclimate and classifies them into areas to be strictly preserved, areas to be protected and areas to be improved. By means of the methodology for spatial and environmental assessment developed by Bustos Romero (2001), the survey selects characteristic points of each area in order to register the environmental data relative to the two basic seasons found in the region where the campus is located, that is, the dry and the rainy season, so that it can evaluate changes in the environment which might have been caused by urban density growth, by arborization or by the influence of the urban form. It then proceeds to a quantitative and statistical survey of the collected data with the purpose of evaluating the degree of influence of the identified features over the environmental variables along the different scales of approach. The study shows the existence of different microclimates and emphasizes the relevance of the bioclimatic analysis of the built environment as a tool for the decision-making process along the development of the Master Plan for UFRN Central Campus / Esta pesquisa trata da investiga??o do microclima e dos atributos da morfologia do Campus Central da UFRN, em Natal-RN, utilizando ferramentas de an?lise bioclim?tica, para subsidiar a implementa??o do seu Plano Diretor. Realiza um diagn?stico da evolu??o e crescimento do espa?o urbano em estudo, com aprecia??o do plano inicial, partido adotado, morfologia e tipologias utilizadas. Realiza uma an?lise qualitativa do microclima local utilizando a metodologia de Katzschner (1997), com a elabora??o de mapas de uso do solo, topografia, altura dos edif?cios, vegeta??o e recobrimento do solo; e da metodologia proposta por Oliveira (1993), onde analisa bioclimaticamente o meio antr?pico quanto aos atributos da forma urbana (s?tio e massa edificada). Identifica zonas com caracter?sticas clim?ticas representativas do microclima local e as classifica em ?reas a serem preservadas, ?reas a serem protegidas e ?reas a serem melhoradas. Seleciona pontos representativos dessas ?reas, onde aplica a metodologia de Bustos Romero (2001) para avalia??o espacial e ambiental. Nestes pontos, registra os dados ambientais nos dois per?odos caracter?sticos da regi?o em estudo (chuvoso e seco), de modo a identificar altera??es neste ambiente, proporcionadas ou n?o pelo adensamento urbano, pela arboriza??o ou pela influ?ncia da forma urbana. Realiza an?lise quantitativa e estat?stica dos dados coletados, para constatar a representativa influ?ncia dos atributos identificados sobre as vari?veis ambientais, nas diversas escalas de abordagem. Constata a exist?ncia de microclimas diferenciados e enfatiza a relev?ncia da an?lise bioclim?tica do ambiente constru?do, visando orientar decis?es para o Plano Diretor do Campus Central da UFRN

A escassez de água é um dos maiores desafios do nosso século. Parece mentira, uma vez que do planeta são ocupados por água. Essa abundância aparente leva-nos a considerar a água como um elemento barato, farto e inesgotável. Contudo, desse total, 97,5% são de água salgada, restando 2,5% de água doce, dos quais 1,75% formam geleiras, sendo, portanto, inacessíveis. E o pior: a exploração irracional da água doce armazenada nos lençóis subterrâneos, rios e lagos está ameaçando a magra fatia de 0,75% da água que pode ser usada pelo homem. Se a escassez e a poluição já são problemas concretos em muitos países, os quais já instituíram um efetivo gerenciamento de seus recursos hídricos, no Brasil a preocupação de cientistas e ambientalistas nem sempre é levada a sério. Afinal, temos mais de 12% da água potável do globo. No entanto, esta riqueza é extremamente mal distribuída: cerca de 80% estão na região amazônica; os 20% restantes distribuem-se desigualmente pelo país, atendendo a 95% da população. Cada vez que chove, milhões de litros de água, que normalmente deveram se infiltrar no solo correm pelos telhados e pelo asfalto até acabar em um rio poluído, sem nenhuma possibilidade de uso. E essa água pode e deve ser aproveitada, tanto para evitar enchentes quanto para economizar recursos hídricos e financeiros. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estruturar um projeto de um sistema de coleta e aproveitamento da água de chuva, para fins não potáveis, para uma edificação a ser construída nas instalações de uma indústria de reparo e construção naval. Para tanto, foi apresentada uma metodologia cuja tecnologia para captação e aproveitamento da água de chuva baseou-se num levantamento bibliográfico e foi validada através da aplicação em um estudo de caso. Espera-se que este trabalho seja o ponto de partida para muitos outros dentro da indústria, procurando incentivar o aproveitamento da água de chuva para consumo não potável e criando assim uma consciência ecológica em todos os níveis da empresa, contribuindo dessa forma para a sustentabilidade. / The shortage of water is one of the largest challenges of the century. It seems lie, once of the planet are busy for water. That "abundance" apparent group to consider the water as an element cheap, full and inexhaustible. However, of that total one, 97,5% are of salt water, remaining 2,5% of fresh water, of which 1,75% form glaciers, being, therefore, inaccessible. And the worst: the irrational exploration of the fresh water stored at the underground sheets, rivers and lakes is threatening the thin slice of 0,75% of the water that can be used by the man. If the shortage and the pollution are already concrete problems in many countries, which already instituted a cash administration of their hydric resources, in Brazil the scientists concern and environmentalists not always it is taken seriously. After all, it is had more than 12% of the drinking water of the globe. However, this wealth is extremely badly distributed: about 80% they are in the Amazonian area; the remaining 20% are distributed unevenly by the country, assisting to 95% of the population. Every time that rains, million of liters of water, that would usually owe if it infiltrates in the soil, they run for the roofs and for the asphalt until ending in a polluted river, without any use possibility. And that water can and it should be taken advantage, so much to avoid inundations as to save hydric resources and financial. In that way, the objective of this work was it of structuring a project of a collection system and use of the rain water, for ends no drinkable, for a construction to be built in the facilities of a repair industry and shipbuilding. For so much, a methodology was presented whose technology for reception and use of the rain water based on a bibliographical rising and it was validated through the application in a case study. It is waited that this work is the starting point for many other inside of the industry, trying to motivate the use of the rain water for consumption no drinkable and creating like this an ecological conscience in all of the levels of the company, contributing in that way to the sustainability.