Filmes finos nanométricos de nitreto de zircônio (ZrN) foram depositados sobre diferentes substratos, objetivando-se estudar a microestrutura da superfície e investigar o comportamento eletroquímico para obter a melhor composição que minimize reações de corrosão. Os filmes finos foram produzidos por deposição física de vapor (PVD). Foi estudada a influência da pressão parcial do gás nitrogênio, do tempo e da temperatura de deposição nas propriedades da superfície. Os filmes de ZrN foram caracterizados por espectrometria de retroespalhamento Rutherford (RBS), espectroscopia de fotoelétrons gerados por raios X (XPS), difração de raios X (DRX), nanodureza, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e ensaios de corrosão. As propriedades dos filmes finos de ZrN variam com os parâmetros de deposição. Quanto maior a temperatura usada na deposição dos filmes maior a resistência contra corrosão. Quando depositado sobre o Titânio e sobre uma liga de NiTi, os ensaios de corrosão mostram que o revestimento de ZrN depositado por PVD pode efetivamente melhorar a resistência contra a corrosão. / Zirconium nitride (ZrN) nanometric films were deposited onto different substrates, in order to study the surface microstructure and also to investigate the electrochemical behavior to obtain a better composition that minimizes corrosion reactions. The thin films were produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The influence of the nitrogen partial pressure, deposition time and temperature over the surface properties was studied. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanohardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and corrosion experiments were performed to characterize the ZrN thin films. The thin films properties and microstructure changes according to the deposition parameters. The corrosion against resistance increases with temperature used in the films deposition. Corrosion tests show that ZrN thin films deposited by PVD onto titanium and onto alloy nitinol substrate effectively improve the corrosion resistance.

A contaminação por biofilmes bacterianos tem um forte impacto negativo, especialmente quando aderidos na superfície de próteses, implantes, pinos e outros dispositivos médico-cirúrgicos. Neste trabalho foram produzidas amostras metálicas de titânio e AISI 304 com íons Ag+ implantados por IPD a diferentes energias: 2 e 4 keV; e com diferentes tempos de implantação: 30, 45, 60 e 90 min visando a obtenção de superfícies com propriedades bactericidas. A profundidade e o perfil de distribuição dos íons implantados foram estimados por simulação de Monte Carlo utilizando o software SRIM 2008, juntamente com a determinação da concentração de prata incorporada nas amostras por técnicas espectroscópicas. A atividade bactericida das amostras de titânio com diferentes concentrações de prata foi avaliada por meio do tratamento de um efluente industrial líquido, que foi submetido à contagem de Escherichia coli antes e depois do contato do efluente com as amostras. O ângulo de contato foi medido para avaliação da molhabilidade das amostras de titânio que apresentaram as maiores concentrações de prata, fator determinante na adesão de bactérias e células humanas. A citotoxidade foi avaliada através de teste de viabilidade celular e análise morfológica. Obteve-se uma redução de 27% de E.coli no efluente industrial tratado com a amostra implantada a 4 keV por 45 min, com concentração inicial de 3,35 × 1015 átomos cm-2.Não foi detectado efeito tóxico da prata para células humanas MG63, mesmo considerando as maiores concentrações prata, uma vez que não houve redução na adesão e proliferação celular em relação ao titânio não tratado. Para as amostras de AISI 304, os ensaios de adesão microbiana foram realizados para as bactérias Listeria monocytogenes e Salmonella Enteritidis, resultando em uma redução de 65,9 e 69,8%, respectivamente. Por fim, os resultados mostraram que o tratamento estudado para obtenção de materiais metálicos com ação bactericida é promissor para aplicações na área médica, no entanto é necessário uma avaliação em longo prazo para garantir a segurança de sua utilização. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES. / Contamination by bacterial biofilms has a strong negative impact, especially when given on the surface of prostheses, implants, pins and other medical-surgical devices. In this study metal samples of Titanium cp and AISI 304 were produced with Ag+ ions implanted by IPD at different energies: 2 and 4 keV and different implantation times: 30, 45, 60 and 90 min to obtain surfaces with bactericidal properties. The depth and the distribution profile of the implanted ions were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation using the SRIM 2008 software. The Ag+ ions concentration incorporated in the samples was determinate by spectroscopic techniques. Bactericidal activity of the titanium samples with different concentration of Ag+ ions was evaluated by the treatment of a liquid industrial waste. It was submitted to Escherichia coli counting before and after the contact of the waste with the samples. The contact angle was measured to evaluate the wettability of the titanium samples that presented the highest silver concentration. Wettability is a determinant factor in the adhesion of bacteria and human cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by cell viability test and morphological analysis. A 27% reduction of E. coli in the industrial waste treated with the sample implanted at 4 keV was achieved for 45 min with an initial concentration of 3.35 × 1015 atoms cm2. No toxic effect of silver was detected on human MG63 cells, even considering the higher concentration of silver, since there was no reduction in cell adhesion and proliferation c to untreated titanium. For the AISI 304 samples, the microbial adhesion assays were performed for the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis, resulting in a reduction of 65.9 and 69.8%, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the treatment studied to obtain metallic materials with bactericidal action is promising for applications in the medical field, however a long term evaluation is necessary to guarantee the safety of its use.

The main objective of this work was to study the structural stabilization of calcium apatites where the Ca2+ ions were substituted for Sr2+ in increasing concentrations (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100%) via ionic co-substitutions. Two distinct syntheses were proposed for comparative purposes: a standard synthesis using counter ions which were not easily incorporated into the apatite structure (NH4+/NO3-) and another one, in which counter ions that can be easily incorporated into the structure (Na+/Cl-) were used. It was observed that Sr2+ ions linearly replaced Ca2+ in the apatite structure, leading to a linear growth of the lattice parameters as well as the unit cell volume for both syntheses. The coexistence of the two phases (calcium apatite and strontium apatite) was suggested only for the samples before calcination at intermediate concentrations (40% and 60%). After calcination, only the samples synthesized in the presence of NH4+/NO3- presented phase transformation, generating calcium and/or strontium phosphates. In contrast, the samples synthesized in the presence of Na+/Cl- formed a solid solution after calcination, having Ca2+ and Sr2+ shared the same apatite lattice. It was shown that the insertion of Sr2+ into the calcium apatite induced the introduction of Cl- ions into the structure. At the same time, Na+ ions were also observed in the structure. Thus, it was evidenced that such elements played an important role in the thermal stabilization of the apatite synthesized in this work. / O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar a estabilização estrutural de apatitas de cálcio substituídas por estrôncio em concentrações crescentes de estrôncio (0%, 20%, 40,%, 60%, 80% e 100%) via co-substituições iônicas. Para isso, duas sínteses distintas foram propostas em termos comparativos: uma síntese padrão usando contra-íons que não são incorporados facilmente a rede de uma apatita (NH4+/NO3-) e outra, usando contra-íons facilmente incorporados à estrutura (Na+/Cl-). Foi possível observar que o Sr2+ substituiu linearmente o Ca2+ levando a um aumento linear dos parâmetros de rede e volumes da célula unitária para as duas sínteses propostas. A coexistência de duas fases distintas (apatita de cálcio e apatita de estrôncio) foi sugerida apenas para as amostras verdes em concentrações intermediárias (40% e 60%). Após calcinação, apenas as amostras sintetizadas na presença de NH4+/NO3- apresentaram segregação de fase, gerando fosfatos de Ca2+ e/ou Sr2+. Contrariamente, as amostras sintetizadas em presença de Na+/Cl- formaram uma solução sólida após calcinação, onde Ca2+ e Sr2+ compartilharam a mesma rede apatítica. Ficou evidenciado que a entrada do Sr2+ na rede das apatitas facilitou a entrada do íon Cl- na estrutura. Ao mesmo tempo, o íon Na+ foi igualmente inserido na estrutura. Assim, foi possível demonstrar que esses elementos desempenharam um papel importante na estabilização térmica das apatitas.

Orientador: Rubens Caram Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T09:06:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cremasco_Alessandra_D.pdf: 50106196 bytes, checksum: 2a7da86acd168979590189fcdb26056f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Ligas de titânio com altos teores de elementos _ estabilizadores, solubilizadas em altas temperaturas e resfriadas rapidamente exibem limitada resistência mecânica e boa ductilidade, o que e resultado da formação de martensita ortorrômbica ou da manutenção da fase _ metaestável. Tal resistência pode ser significativamente aumentada por meio da aplicação de tratamentos térmicos de envelhecimento, que promovem a precipitação de novas fases, combinados com encruamento produzido por deformação plástica a frio. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de ligas do sistema Ti-Nb-Sn com propriedades mecânicas otimizadas visando sua utilização como biomaterial. Inicialmente, ligas de titânio com diferentes elementos de liga foram submetidas a ensaios de citocompatibilidade in vitro. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que ligas Ti-Nb-Sn sao biocompativeis. Na sequencia, amostras de ligas Ti-Nb-Sn preparadas em forno de fusao a arco foram tratadas termicamente objetivando homogeneizacao quimica e microestrutural, solubilizadas em alta temperatura, resfriadas rapidamente e deformadas plasticamente a frio. Tais amostras foram tratadas termicamente para promover a recuperacao, a recristalizacao e o envelhecimento da microestrutura. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a aplicacao de deformacao plastica e recozimento produz o refinamento da microestrutura. A aplicacao de tratamentos termicos de envelhecimento a 350 °C resultou na decomposicao da fase martensita ortorrombica e na formacao das fases _, w e a. Constatou-se que o comportamento mecanico das amostras envelhecidas reflete a combinacao das fases e suas respectivas fracoes volumetricas. O refino microestrutural e a precipitação da fase a resultaram em expressivo aumento da dureza, modulo de elasticidade e resistencia mecanica, bem como na queda da ductilidade. Finalmente, a aplicacao de condicoes de processamento otimizadas resultou em amostras com elevada resistencia mecanica e razoavel ductilidade. A liga Ti-35Nb-4Sn apresentou reduzido modulo de elasticidade e alta resistencia a tracao, condicao ideal para aplicacao biomedica / Abstract: Titanium alloys with high _ stabilizing elements content, solution heat treated at high temperatures and rapidly cooled to room temperature, exhibit limited mechanical strength and good ductility as a result of orthorhombic martensite formation or maintenance of the _ metastable phase. However, mechanical strength may be significantly improved by applying aging heat treatment, which leads to precipitation of new phases, combined with hardening provided by cold plastic deformation. The aim of this work is the development of alloys in the Ti-Nb-Sn system with optimized mechanical properties to be applied as biomaterial. Initially, titanium alloys with different alloying elements were tested in terms of cytocompatibility. The results suggest that Ti-Nb-Sn alloys are biocompatible. Following, Ti-Nb-Sn samples were prepared in arc furnace, heat treated aiming chemical and microstructural homogeneity, solution heat treated at high temperature, rapidly cooled to room temperature and cold plastically deformed. These samples were heat treated to promote recovery, recrystallization and aging of the microstructure. The results indicate that application of plastic deformation and annealing produces very refined microstructure. Application of aging heat treatments at 350 ° C resulted in decomposition of orthorhombic martensite phase and formation of _, w and a phases. It was found that mechanical properties of aged samples reflect the combination of such phases and their volume fractions. Microstructural refinement and a phase precipitation resulted in significant increase in hardness, elastic modulus and mechanical strength, as well as a decrease in ductility. Finally, application of optimal processing conditions resulted in samples with high mechanical strength and reasonable ductility. The Ti-35Nb-4Sn alloy showed lower elastic modulus and superior tensile strength. These results consist in ideal conditions for biomedical applications / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-17 / In this study dental composites containing a novel monomodal inorganic matrix based on submicron Ba-Al-Si glass particles (NanoFine NF180, Schott) were prepared and evaluated. Composites with particles of similar composition but micron-sized (UltraFine UF1.0, Schott) served as a reference. The study was carried out in two phases: (i) characterization of the inorganic particles, involving x-ray microanalysis and granulometry; (ii) preparation and characterization of micron and submicron composites involving analysis of the morphology of the composites and measurements of radiopacity, degree of C=C conversion, hardness, flexural strength and modulus, work-of-fracture, surface roughness and gloss before and after toothbrushing abrasion and compressive creep. The composites were formulated from the same co-monomer based on Bis-GMA, Bis-EMA8, UDMA and TEGDMA at a 7:7:5:1 (w/w) ratio, with photoinitiators added. A mass of 75% of micron and 78% of submicron particles were incorporated based on pilot studies. Quantitative data restricted to direct comparisons between the composites were analyzed using t-tests. Roughness and gloss data for the comparison between the composites before and after toothbrushing were submitted to Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test (5%). Both inorganic systems showed narrow grain size range (175±30 and 1000±200nm), with differences restricted to the size and specific area of the particles, which determined differences in the amount of silane used (13% for submicron and 3.2% for micron particles). Particles from both systems were homogeneously dispersed in the resin phase, although the submicron particles occupied larger area of the material s surface. The composites showed statistically similar results for radiopacity, flexural strength, work-of-fracture, and creep. The submicron composite had significantly higher hardness than the micron composite, whereas significantly lower flexural modulus and C=C conversion. No significant differences in roughness between the composites were observed before toothbrushing, while the submicron composite showed significantly higher gloss. The abrasion increased significantly the roughness and reduced the gloss of both materials. Surface roughness was still similar and the gloss of the submicron composite significantly higher after toothbrushing. In conclusion, the monomodal submicron glass filler system tested showed potential for application in the development of restorative dental composites, especially because of the esthetic properties compared with the micron system / Neste estudo, foram preparados e avaliados compósitos odontológicos contendo nova matriz inorgânica monomodal baseada em partículas de vidro de Ba-Al-Si (NanoFine NF180, Schott) de tamanho submicrométrico. Compósitos contendo partículas de composição similar, porém tamanho micrométrico (UltraFine UF1.0, Schott), foram testados como referência. O estudo se desenvolveu em duas fases: (i) caracterização de partículas inorgânicas, envolvendo microanálise de raios-x e granulometria; (ii) obtenção e caracterização de compósitos micro e submicrométricos envolvendo análise da morfologia dos compósitos preparados e determinação da radiopacidade, grau de conversão de C=C, dureza, resistência e módulo de flexão, trabalho de fratura, rugosidade e brilho da superfície antes e após desgaste por abrasão e escoamento compressivo (creep). Os compósitos foram formulados a partir do mesmo co-monômero baseado em Bis-GMA, Bis-EMA8, UDMA e TEGDMA, na razão 7:7:5:1 (m/m), ao qual fotoiniciadores foram adicionados. Foi acrescentada massa de 75% do sistema micrométrico e 78% do submicrométrico, com base em estudos-piloto. Os dados quantitativos restritos à comparação direta entre os compósitos foram analisados utilizando testes-t. Os dados de rugosidade e brilho na comparação dos compósitos antes e após a escovação foram submetidos à Análise de Variância para Medidas Repetidas e teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (5%). Ambos sistemas inorgânicos apresentaram estreita faixa do tamanho de grão (175±30 e 1000±200nm), com diferenças entre as partículas restritas ao tamanho e área específica, o que determinou diferença na quantidade de silano utilizada (13% para submicrométricas e 3,2% para micrométricas). As partículas de ambos sistemas foram dispersas de forma homogênea na matriz resinosa, embora as submicrométricas ocuparam maior área da superfície do material. Os compósitos apresentaram resultados estatisticamente similares para radiopacidade, resistência à flexão, trabalho de fratura e escoamento compressivo. O compósito submicrométrico apresentou dureza significativamente superior ao material micrométrico, enquanto módulo de elasticidade e grau de conversão foram significativamente menores. Não foi observada diferença significativa na rugosidade entre os compósitos antes da escovação, enquanto o compósito submicrométrico mostrou brilho significativamente maior. A abrasão aumentou significativamente a rugosidade e reduziu significativamente o brilho de ambos materiais. A rugosidade continuou estatisticamente similar e o brilho do compósito submicrométrico significativamente maior após a abrasão. Em conclusão, o sistema monomodal submicrométrico de carga de vidro testado apresentou potencial de utilização no desenvolvimento de compósitos restauradores odontológicos, especialmente em função de suas propriedades estéticas comparadas ao sistema micrométrico

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are alloys with five or more principal elements. Due to these distinct concept of alloying, the HEA exhibits unique and superior properties. The outstanding properties of HEA includes higher strength/hardness, superior wear resistance, high temperature stability, higher fatigue life, good corrosion and oxidation resistance. Such characteristics of HEA has been significant interest leading to researches on these emerging field. Even though many works are done to understand the characteristic of these HEAs, very few works are made on how the HEAs can be applied for commercial uses. This work discusses the application of High entropy alloys in biomedical applications. The coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States kills more than 350,000 persons/year and it costs $108.9 billion for the nation each year in spite of significant advancements in medical care and public awareness. A cardiovascular disease affects heart or blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) or both by blocking the blood flow. As a surgical interventions, stent implants are deployed to cure or ameliorate the disease. However, the high failure rate of stents has lead researchers to give special attention towards analyzing stent structure, materials and characteristics. Many works related to alternate material and/or design are carried out in recent time. This paper discusses the feasibility of CoCrFeNiMn and Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEAs in stent implant application. This work is based on the speculation that CoCrFeNiMn and Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEAs are biocompatible material. These HEAs are characterized to determine the microstructure and mechanical properties. Computational modeling and analysis were carried out on stent implant by applying CoCrFeNiMn and Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEAs as material to understand the structural behavior.

Ce travail a pour objectif d’évaluer le comportement à l’usure de pièces en CoCrMo utilisé dans l’orthopédie. Le procédé de nanocristallisation superficielle SMAT (Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment) couplé à un polissage biomédical a été mis en œuvre dans cette étude pour améliorer les propriétés mécaniques, tribocorrosives d’un alliage CoCrMo. Dans un premier temps, une optimisation des paramètres SMAT sur un alliage CoCrMo a été réalisée. Différentes techniques de finition de surface ont ensuite été étudiées afin d’obtenir un état de surface acceptable pour des implants orthopédiques. Des techniques de caractérisation microstructurale ont alors été mises en œuvre sur des échantillons SMATés et polis : microscopie électronique à balayage et transmission (MEB ; MET), diffraction des électrons rétrodiffusés (EBSD), diffraction de kikuchi en transmission (TKD) et diffraction des rayons X (DRX). Les résultats obtenus ont montré que le traitement SMAT peut créer un raffinement des grains en surface de l’alliage CoCrMo avec notamment la présence de nano-grains en extrême surface. Des mesures d’indentation ainsi que des essais par la méthode du trou incrémental ont été effectués. Une augmentation de plus de 30% de la dureté a ainsi été observée après SMAT ainsi que la génération de contraintes résiduelles superficielles de compression. Les propriétés tribocorrosives de l’alliage CoCrMo ont également été étudiées par des essais d’usure par pion disque, scratch tests et des essais électrochimiques avant et après SMAT. / This aims of this work is to evaluate the wear behavior of CoCrMo parts used in orthopedics. The Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) method coupled with biomedical polishing has been used in this study to improve the mechanical and tribocorrosive properties of a CoCrMo alloy. In a first step, an optimization of the SMAT parameters on a CoCrMo alloy was carried out. Different surface finishing techniques were then studied to obtain an acceptable surface finish for orthopedic implants. Microstructural characterization techniques were then applied on SMATed and polished samples: scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, MET), backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD), transmission kikuchi diffraction (TKD), and ray diffraction X (XRD). The results obtained showed that the SMAT treatment can create a refinement of the surface grains of the CoCrMo alloy with the presence of nano-grains in the extreme surface. Indentation measurements as well as incremental hole tests were performed. An increase of more than 30% of the hardness was observed after SMAT as well as the generation of residual surface compressive stresses. The tribocorrosive properties of the CoCrMo alloy were also studied by disk wear tests, scratch tests, and electrochemical tests before and after SMAT.

L’ostéomyélite chronique est une infection chronique du tissu osseux et de la moelle. C’est une infection grave du fait de sa localisation au sein d’un tissu profond, de la complexité de sa prise en charge thérapeutique et de la mise en jeu du pronostic fonctionnel. L’incidence de l’ostéomyélite chronique est accrue sur certains terrains (drépanocytose, diabète, et polyarthrite rhumatoïde entre autres). Son traitement classique repose sur un curettage chirurgical associé à une antibiothérapie par voie générale durant au moins 6 semaines. Ce traitement est marqué le plus souvent par des échecs du fait de la difficulté de faire parvenir des antibiotiques à doses efficaces et de manière prolongée ou continue au niveau de l'os infecté.<p>\ / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Both quaternary ammonium bromide (QAB) and furanone derivatives were synthesized, characterized and formulated into dental resin composites for improved antibacterial properties. Compressive strength (CS) and S. mutans viability were used to evaluate the mechanical strength and antibacterial activity of the restoratives. The effects of chain length, loading, saliva and aging on CS and S. mutans viability were investigated. Chapter 2 describes how we studied and evaluated the formulated antibacterial resin composites by incorporating the synthesized QAB-containing oligomers into the formulation. The results show that all the QAB-modified resin composites showed significant antibacterial activity and mechanical strength reduction. Increasing chain length and loading significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity but dramatically reduced the CS as well. The 30-day aging study showed that the incorporation of the QAB accelerated the degradation of the composite, suggesting that the QAB may not be well suitable for development of antibacterial dental resin composites or at least the QAB loading should be well controlled. Chapter 3 describes how we studied and evaluated the formulated antibacterial resin composite by incorporating the synthesized furanone derivative into the formulation. The results show that the modified resin composites showed a significant antibacterial activity without substantially decreasing the mechanical strengths. With 5 to 30% addition of the furanone derivative, the composite kept its original CS unchanged but showed a significant antibacterial activity with a 16-68% reduction in the S. mutans viability. Further, the antibacterial function of the new composite was found not to be affected by human saliva. The aging study indicates that the composite may have a long-lasting antibacterial function. In summary, we have developed a novel QAB- and furanone-containing antibacterial system for dental restoratives. Both QAB- and furanone-modified resin composites have demonstrated significant antibacterial activities. The QAS-modified experimental resin composite may not be well suitable for development of antibacterial dental resin composites due to its accelerated degradation in water unless the QAB loading is well controlled. The furanone-modified resin composite shows nearly no reduction in mechanical strength after incorporation of the antibacterial furanone derivative. It appears that the furanone-modified resin composite is a clinically attractive dental restorative that can be potentially used for long-lasting restorations due to its high mechanical strength and permanent antibacterial function.

The coronary heart disease kills more than 350,000 persons/year and it costs $108.9 billion for the United States each year, in spite of significant advancements in clinical care and education for public, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of death and disability to the nation. A cardiovascular disease involves mainly heart or blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) or both, and then mainly occurs in selected regions and affects heart, brain, kidney and peripheral arteries. As a surgical interventions, stent implantation is deployed to cure or ameliorate the disease. However, the high failure rate of stents used in patients with peripheral artery diseases has lead researchers to give special attention towards analyzing stent structure and characteristics. In this research, the mechanical properties of a stent based on the rhombus structure were analyzed and verified by means of analytical and numerical approaches. Theoretical model based on the beam theory were developed and numerical models were used to analyze the response of these structures under various and complex loading conditions. Moreover, the analysis of the stent inflation involves a model with large deformations and large strains, nonlinear material properties need to be considered to accurately capture the deformation process. The maximum stress values were found to occur in localized regions of the stent. These regions were generally found along the inner radii of each of the connected links connecting each of the longitudinal struts. Stress values throughout the whole stent were typically much lower. The peak engineering stress values were found to be less than the material ultimate strength (limit stress 515Mpa), indicating a safe stent design throughout expansion range. Lastly, the rheological behavior of blood can be quantified by non-Newtonian viscosity. Carreau model is introduced and simulates the situation in the artery, then the available shear stress in the model would help to the future analysis in the contact analysis of stent and the artery.