My dissertation is concerned with utopian thinking in Critical Theory. It examines the changing conceptions of radically different social orders held by the associates of the Frankfurt School. Its aim is to investigate utopian thinking as a theoretical tool of a system of thought that is oriented towards social transformation. To bring about social transformation was the explicit objective of the Frankfurt School. And yet, as my dissertation demonstrates, some of the key member of the Frankfurt School discarded precisely this utopian tool. This rejection of utopian thinking is one of the central – but also one of the most problematic – aspects of Critical Theory. It goes back to the writings of Marx himself and culminates in the works of Theodor W. Adorno, specifically in his ‘Utopieverbot’ (prohibition of envisaging a utopian society). I argue that this Utopieverbot facilitated the disappearance of utopian thinking in Critical Theory, and furthermore, that it brought this system of thought to a standstill. In addition to the dissolution of utopian thinking my dissertation examines also its potential resuscitation. The foremost defender of utopian thinking I investigate is Ernst Bloch, a critical theorist overshadowed by Adorno himself. Countering Adorno, Bloch posited utopian thinking not only as a possible but also as a necessary theoretical tool of Critical Theory. I argue that Bloch’s ideas can be valuable in resolving the aporia of utopian thinking in Critical Theory. While important in its own right, this aporia is highly significant due to the enormous influence it exerted on the death of utopia in Western political thought, which can be seen as one of the key factors contributing to the escalating social, political and economic regressions of our contemporary era. Understanding the reasons behind the emergence of death of utopia, as well as its possible resolutions, thus present questions that urgently need to be addressed.

Submitted by Maurílio Figueiredo (maurilioafigueiredo@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-03-04T22:30:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_LucienFebvreMarc.pdf: 844008 bytes, checksum: 16a7ef77c5a058b2f538b32bf317ce51 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neide Nativa (neide@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2013-03-13T19:34:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_LucienFebvreMarc.pdf: 844008 bytes, checksum: 16a7ef77c5a058b2f538b32bf317ce51 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-13T19:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_LucienFebvreMarc.pdf: 844008 bytes, checksum: 16a7ef77c5a058b2f538b32bf317ce51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Lucien Febvre (1878-1956) e Marc Bloch (1886-1944), dois dos mais importantes historiadores do século XX, são estudados neste trabalho por meio de uma abordagem própria da história da historiografia. A investigação tem como foco as relações desses intelectuais com as ciências históricas alemãs, sobretudo a historiografia, mas também a economia política e a sociologia. No contexto das “guerras culturais” entre intelectuais franceses e alemães, analisa-se a convivência e a crítica produzida por Febvre e Bloch a respeito do pensamento histórico alemão, entre 1928 e 1944. A partir de um conjunto de fontes composto principalmente por resenhas produzidas pelos dois historiadores e por cartas trocadas entre ambos, investiga-se o peso da presença germânica em suas trajetórias, a influência de historiadores conhecedores da produção acadêmica alemã, como Henri Berr e Henri Pirenne, e o contato com acadêmicos alemães e austríacos, como Alfons Dopsch. Demonstrando como a crítica foi instrumento fundamental para Marc Bloch e Lucien Febvre, e como as ciências históricas alemãs ocuparam nela lugar privilegiado, procura-se compreender a relação ambivalente dos fundadores dos Annales com a Alemanha. _______________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: Lucien Febvre (1878-1956) and Marc Bloch (1886-1944), two of the most important historians of the twenty century, in this work are investigated by an approach typical of the history of historiography. The investigation focuses on the relatioship of intellectuals to the German historical sciences, almost the historiography, but also the political economy and sociology. In the context of "culture wars" between French and German intellectuals, it looks at the coexistence and the critical produced by Febvre and Bloch thought about German history, between 1928 and 1944. From a group of fonts composed mostly of book reviews produced by the two historians, and letters exchanged between them, we investigate the weight of the German presence in their trajectories, the influence of kowledgeable historians of German academic, as Henri Berr and Henri Pirenne, and the contact with German and Austrian scholars, as Alfons Dopsch. Demonstrating how the criticism was fundamental tool for Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre, and how the German historical sciences occupied a privileged place in it, seeks to understand the ambivalent relationship of the founders of the Annales with Germany.

Orientador: Milton Carlos Costa / Banca: Fernando Novais / Banca: Ullysses Telles Guariba Neto / Resumo: Esta dissertação aborda dois cursos de Lucien Febvre, proferidos no Collège de France entre os anos de 1944 e 1947. A partir de seus dois livros publicados postumamente: L'Europe: genèse d'une civilisation (1999) e Honneur et Patrie (1996), procuramos mapear primeiramente o conceito de Europa, e posteriormente, o surgimento de uma pátria cristã, passando pela européia, e por fim, o fortalecimento de um ideal da pátria francesa, após o século XVII. Toda essa problemática levantada por Lucien Febvre foi dada como um reflexo do contexto em que a Europa, principalmente a França se encontrava, no período da ocupação alemã em seu solo. Observamos que ao realizar tais estudos, Lucien Febvre utilizou-se da psicologia histórica, aplicando em todos os seus cursos, o conceito de outillage mental para mapear essa Europa, mas, principalmente, para tentar compreender sua "trágica" França / Abstract: This paper deals with two Lucien Febvre's courses, held in Collège de France between 1944 and 1947. From his two after death published books, L'Europe: genèse d'une civilisation (1999) and Honneur et Patrie (1996), the intention is, first of all, to map the Europe's concept and then the arising of a Christian country, going through the European country, to finally the strengthening of an ideal French's country, after the XVII Century. All this subject matter proposed by Lucien Febvre was taken as a reflex of the context in which Europe, specially France was living at that time, with the German invasion in French's soil. Carrying out his studies, Lucien Febvre has used historical psychology, providing in all his courses the "mental outillage" concept to map that Europe, but specially his "tragical" France / Mestre

[pt] A modernidade é um conceito complexo, multifacetado, que possui como linha mestra a crença no progresso da humanidade através da Razão. Assim, foi um terreno fértil para as mais diversas utopias, que traziam a esperança de sua realização no caminhar da história. Neste processo, o cinema – arte nascida entre os modernos –, foi utilizado como mediação. Com os horrores da Segunda Guerra, o fracasso do comunismo, a descrença na capacidade do capitalismo de chegar a um mundo justo, a chamada pós-modernidade é vista como a face do desencanto. O objetivo desta pesquisa é procurar traços de esperança utópica no cinema contemporâneo e discutir como certos filmes podem servir como aliados nas propostas de mudança. Partindo do princípio de que, diferente do que se pensava no passado, não é possível considerar o desenrolar da história de forma linear, com um ponto de chegada definido, as propostas atuais apresentam-se não tão grandiosas e menos reconhecíveis, mas, ao mesmo tempo, realizáveis. Ernst Bloch, que escreveu um longo tratado sobre a esperança, é o fio condutor do texto, sendo confrontado com pensadores do século XXI. / [en] Modernity is a complex, multifaceted concept that has as its mainstay the belief in human progress through Reason. Therefore, it was a breeding ground for various utopias, which were expected to materialise with the progress of history. In this process, the cinema – art born among the moderns – was used as mediation. With the horrors of the Second World War, the failure of communism, the disbelief in the ability of capitalism to reach a fair world, the so-called postmodernity is seen as the face of disenchantment. The objective of this research is to look for traces of utopian hope in contemporary cinema and discuss how certain movies can serve as allies to proposals of change. On the understanding that, differently from what was believed in the past, it is not possible to see history as unfolding in a linear path – with a defined point of arrival –, modern proposals are presented with less grandiosity and recognisability, being, on the other hand, more achievable. Ernst Bloch, who wrote a compendium on hope, is the thread of the text, being compared with thinkers of the 21st century.

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Le modèle du jellium est l'un des modèles fondamentaux de la matière condensée.Il est constitué d'un ensemble d'électrons et d'un fond uniforme qui assure la neutralité globale.À température nulle et sans champ extérieur, la densité électronique est le seul paramètre du système.Malgré la simplicité de ce modèle, l'état fondamental du jellium en fonction de la densité reste un problème ouvert.Nous avons étudié le modèle du jellium à 2 et 3 dimensions dans l'approximation de Hartree-Fock par une méthode numérique de descente.En utilisant des états périodiques, le nombre d’inconnues est grandement réduit et le nombre d’électrons peut atteindre le million.À type de réseau et polarisation fixés, nous montrons que le système forme un cristal de Wigner à basse densité puis, au dessus d'une densité de transition, occupe des états «métalliques» caractérisés par une structure cristalline avec une maille plus petite que celle du cristal de Wigner.Les états métalliques interpolent entre le cristal de Wigner et le gaz de Fermi, ce dernier n'étant retrouvé qu'à densité infinie.Ce comportement se retrouve à deux et trois dimensions, pour un gaz polarisé et non polarisé, et pour les différents type de réseaux considérés dans nos travaux.Le diagramme de phase à deux ou trois dimensions est alors très riche et comprend à basse densité diverses phases «cristal de Wigner» avec des symétries et polarisations différentes.À haute densité, les états métalliques non-polarisées déstabilisent le cristal de Wigner et le gaz de Fermi. Ces états métalliques s’interprètent comme une superposition d’ondes de densité de spin, prédite par Overhauser en 1962. / The jellium model is a fundamental model in condensed matter. It is formed by a set of electrons and a uniform background insuring global neutrality. At zero temperature and without external field, the ground-state depends only on the electronic density. Despite its simplicity, the jellium ground-state is still an open problem. We studied the jellium model in 2 and 3 dimensions within the Hartree-Fock approximation using a numerical descent method. Assuming periodic states, we greatly reduce the number of unknowns and the system may contain up to one million of electrons. At fixed lattice symmetry and polarization, the ground-state is a Wigner crystal at low density, and a «metallic state» above a critical density value. These metallic states are crystals with a lattice constant smaller than in Wigner phase, and interpolate between the latter and the Fermi gas. The metallic states exists in two and three dimensions, for a polarized and unpolarized gas, and for various lattice symmetries. Therefore, the jellium phase diagram at zero temperature is rich : it contains several Wigner crystal phases at low density, polarized and unpolarized, and an unpolarized metallic state at high density. These states are well described by a superposition of spin-density waves, as predicted by Overhauser in 1962.

付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学卓越大学院プログラム「先端光・電子デバイス創成学」 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23205号 / 工博第4849号 / 新制||工||1757(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 哲生, 教授 松尾 哲司, 特定教授 中村 武恒 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18227号 / 工博第3819号 / 新制||工||1585(附属図書館) / 31085 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 哲生, 教授 引原 隆士, 教授 小山田 耕二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Dans cette thèse nous avons étudié différents aspects de l'interaction entre un atome et une surface diélectrique. Nous avons notamment recherché expérimentalement des situations où l'interaction de van der Waals à longue portée varie avec la population thermique de photons du vide, telle qu'imposée par un équilibre avec l'environnement. Une variation avec la température est prévue lorsqu'il y a un couplage virtuel résonnant en champ proche entre l'émission thermique de la surface (dans l'IR) et une absorption atomique. Notre recherche a porté sur l'interaction entre Cs(8P) et une surface de CaF2 en utilisant la spectroscopie de réflexion sélective. Jusqu'à présent, les valeurs expérimentales du coefficient C3 de l'interaction de van der Waals sont en contradiction avec les prédictions théoriques. Nous avons pourtant raffiné les prédictions théoriques en introduisant dans les calculs la dépendance en température de la constante diélectrique, à partir de nouvelles mesures de la réflectance sur des surfaces de saphir, CaF2 et BaF2 effectués à différentes températures. Nous avons, en outre, observé, sur une expérience auxiliaire d'absorption saturée, des raies inédites autour de la transition 6S1/2→8P, que nous avons attribuées à des dimères spécifiquement formés par nos faisceaux lasers. Ces raies apparaissent pour des densités de vapeur inhabituellement faibles. A un régime de plus faible distance de l'interaction atome-surface, où le potentiel combine attraction van der Waals et répulsion au voisinage immédiat de la surface, nous avons analysé la possibilité d'observer des oscillations de Bloch, en considérant le cas d'un atome d'Helium adsorbé sur une surface de LiF et soumis à une force externe.