Weibliches Bodybuilding ist ein Wettkampfsport, bei der die Körper der Athletinnen nach ihrer Muskulosität bewertet werden. Durch ihre ausgeprägte Muskulatur weichen Body-builderinnen von der Vorstellung einer eindeutigen Geschlechterbinarität ab, in welcher der weibliche Körper das kleinere und schwächere Gegenstück zum männlichen Körper ist. Aufgrund dieser Abweichung von Gendernormen erleben Bodybuilderinnen in sozi-alen Interaktionen häufig Stigmatisierung. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, basierend auf Erving Goffmans Theorie des face, welche Strategien Bodybuilderinnen einsetzen, um mit Stigmatisierung umzugehen. Die Forschungsfrage lautet somit: Wie wahren Bodybuilderinnen in der Interaktion ihr face? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, wird in Bodybuilding-Podcasts nach Stellen gesucht, an denen Bodybuilderinnen sich über vergangene face-Bedrohungen unterhalten. Diese Stellen werden positionierungsanalytisch untersucht. In den untersuchten Podcasts nutzen die Bodybuilderinnen zwei soziale Kategorien als Positionierungsressourcen: die des ‚Mädchens‘ und die der ‚Bodybuilderin auf Stoff‘. Die Kategorie des ‚Mädchens’ nutzen Bodybuilderinnen, um Frauen zu beschreiben, welche den dominanten Weiblichkeitsnormen entsprechen. Bodybuilderinnen positionieren sich als diesen ‚Mädchen‘ körperlich und psychisch überlegen. Auf diese Art deuten sie im Gespräch mit anderen Athletinnen die Teilnahme am Bodybuilding vom potenziellen Stigma zum Zeichen der Überlegenheit um. Die Kategorie der ‚Bodybuilderinnen auf Stoff‘ nutzen Bodybuilderinnen vor allem, um sich gegen face-bedrohliche Kritik von Nicht-Bodybuilder:innen zu wehren. Nicht-Bodybuilder:innen werten Bodybuilderinnen häufig ab, da sie mit weiblichem Bodybuilding die Vorstellung von Frauen verbinden, die stark von Weiblichkeitsnormen abweichen. Bodybuilderinnen gehen mit dieser face-Bedrohung um, indem sie argumentieren, dass diese Beschreibung nur auf ‚Bodybuilderinnen auf Stoff‘, die leistungssteigernde Drogen nehmen, zutrifft. Von diesen ‚Bodybuilderinnen auf Stoff‘ grenzen sich die Bodybuilderinnen vehement ab. Schließlich nutzen Bodybuilderinnen epistemische Positionierung, um sich gegen face-Bedrohungen zu immunisieren, indem sie Bodybuilderinnen die Wissensautorität zum Thema Bodybuilding zuschreiben und Nicht-Bodybuilder:innen das notwendige Wissen absprechen, um die Körper und Körperpraxen von Bodybuilderinnen zu bewerten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit bieten einen Einblick darin, wie Individuen mit Stigmatisierung auf Grund von Gendernormabweichung umgehen können.:1. Einleitung 2. Stigma und face work 3. Positionierungsanalyse 4. Methodik 5. 'Mädchen' und 'zarte Pflänzlein': soziale Kategorien der Normalität 5.1. 'Mädchen' und Weiblichkeitsnormen 5.2. Vom 'Mädchen' zur Bodybuilderin: eine Coming-of-Age-Geschichte 5.3. Die Sorge um verletzliche 'Mädchen' 6. 'die haben einfach keine Ahnung': face work durch epistemische Positionierung 6.1. Epistemische Selbstpositionierung 6.2. Epistemische Fremdpositionierung und face work 7. 'diese Stofferweiber': face work durch Abgrenzung 7.1. 'Bodybuilderin auf Stoff' als Ressource des face work 7.2. 'Bodybuilderinnen auf Stoff' als Opfer 8. Fazit 9. Literatur 10. Danksagung

The original Muscle Beach, in Santa Monica, California, is considered by many to be the birthplace of the modern physical fitness movement. From 1934 to 1958, the strip of sand south of the Santa Monica Pier offered acrobats, gymnasts, weightlifters, and bodybuilders a place to learn, train, and perform feats of physical culture. This milieu helped shape the careers of fitness luminaries like Jack LaLanne, Vic Tanny, and Steve Reeves; it also catalyzed the development of modern fitness equipment and health clubs. The site's popularity peaked in the post-war period, especially over summer holidays, when up to 2,000 spectators crowded around an elevated platform by the boardwalk to watch the annual Mr. and Miss Muscle Beach contests and other acrobatic and strength exhibitions. In the American imagination, Muscle Beach became a symbol of the mid-century California dream, the promise of sunshine, health, and good living captured in iconic images of the toned and tan beach athletes. Despite these real and symbolic legacies, Muscle Beach remains an understudied site, especially from scholarly perspectives. The essays that constitute this work examine Muscle Beach using three different historical points of engagement. In the first study, I offer a theoretical perspective for unpacking the widespread influence of Muscle Beach. Drawing from oral history interviews with several Muscle Beach legends, I argue that the role of Muscle Beach in ushering in the modern fitness movement is best understood as the result of social processes of innovation. In the second study, I explore the abrupt closure of Muscle Beach by the city of Santa Monica in late 1958 and I evaluate the civic legacy of the site for the city. In the third and final study, I analyze the use of Muscle Beach in the fitness magazines of Joe Weider. I argue that Weider deployed a mythic Muscle Beach, creating an imaginative take on the California dream for his readers and customers. Combined, these studies advance the historical understanding of Muscle Beach as both a real and symbolic place. / text

Tyrimo objektas: 5-6 ir 10-11 klasių moksleivių požiūris į kultūrizmą. Problemos pagrindimas: Sportinė veikla kelia žmogui daugybę dorovinių principų. Paauglystėje ryškiausiai pastebima tai, jog bręsta nauja asmenybė, formuojasi pasaulėžiūra, doroviniai įsitikinimai, idealai, vertinimo sprendimai, kuriais žmogus pradeda vadovautis. Anot B. Grigaitės (2006), žmogus paauglystės periodu pradeda domėtis savimi, savo vidiniu pasauliu, atsiranda poreikis įvertinti save ir palyginti su kitais. Tokiu būdu, šiuo amžiaus tarpsniu, vis labiau pastebimas atsirandantis kūno grožio kultas. Nors kultūrizmas neakcentuoja tik išorinio grožio, o atkreipia dėmesį ir į žmogaus išorinę ir vidinę harmoniją, tačiau čia, kiek kitaip nei daugelyje sporto šakų, rezultatai yra matomi išlavintame sportininko kūne, o ne rezultatų lentelėse. Tad paaugliams vertinant daugiau išorinį grožį ištreniruoto kūno vaizdinys turėtų paskatinti imtis aktyvios sportinės veiklos. Tad šiuo tyrimu ir siekta išsiaiškinti moksleivių požiūrį į kultūrizmą. Tikslas: atskleisti 5-6 ir 10 - 11klasių moksleivių požiūrį į kultūrizmą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti 5 - 6 su 10 – 11 klasių moksleivių požiūrį į kultūrizmą. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti 5 - 6 su 10 – 11 klasių moksleivių žinias apie kultūrizmą. 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti 5 - 6 su 10 – 11 klasių moksleivių fizinį aktyvumą. 4. Nustatyti ir palyginti kaip tėvai įtakoja 5 - 6 su 10 – 11 klasių moksleivių požiūrį į fizinį aktyvumą. Tyrimo metodai ir tiriamieji... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object: secondary schoolchildren school (year 5-6) and high school schoolchildren (year 10-11) attitudes towards bodybuilding. Substantiation of a problem: sports activities are of a man many moral principles. During adolescence, most vividly seen is the new mature personality, formed worldview, moral beliefs, ideals, assessment solutions that person starts to follow. According Grigaitės B. (2006), one period of adolescence are becoming interested in themselves, their inner world, there is a need to measure yourself and compare with others. In this way, in this age of maturity, there is a strong tendency of the body resulting from the cult of beauty. While bodybuilding does not focus on just the outer beauty, and draws attention to the human internal and external harmony, but here a little differently than most sports, the results are visible educated athlete's body, but not the results tables. Thus, the assessment of adolescents trained more outer beauty body image should take an active role to promote sports activities. Therefore, this study aimed to find out, and students' views on bodybuilding. Goal: To reveal schoolchildren (year 5-6) attitude towards bodybuilding. Objectives: 1. To ascertain and compare attitude towards bodybuilding of students year 5-6 to schoolchildren year 10-11. 2. To ascertain and compare knowledge of bodybuilding of schoolchildren year 5-6 to scoolchildren year 10-11. 3. To ascertain and compare knowledge physical activity levels of schoolchildren... [to full text]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of weight loadings and repetitions, frequency of exercise, and knowledge of theoretical principles of weight training on changes in muscular strength. Another purpose was to analyze these effects and determine implications for coaches, physical educators, physical therapists, and others interested in determining the optimum combination of the three variables for increasing muscular strength.

Anotation Title: Managing the training process in bodybuilding This thesis describes the sport of bodybuilding and its training process. It also describes aspects of managing the training process and based on own research determines what impact the training process is applied to changes in the state of training and performance. There is also considering the impact of specific training methods and intensification. In the research of this thesis, we used different testing methods. We performed functional tests, anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests. Based on these tests, we studied the effect of training programs for performance in bodybuilding. We found that the use of specific methods and intensification has a significant influence on the performance of bodybuilding. We also found that effective management of training process has an overall positive effect on performance status in the bodybuilding sport. Keywords: bodybuilding training, training methods, power perfomance

The aim with this Essay is to examine the two most read magazines in Sweden covering the areas of exercising, fitness, bodybuilding, diets and “wellness” –Fitness and Body. Fitness’s target group is predominantly woman, while Body is almost exclusively read by men. The analysis is first done quantitatively, by systematically categorising the contents of the magazines. Then a qualitative analysis is made. Using two different theories, Anja Hirdman’s gender concept along with her constructivistic media perspective and the theory of Symbolic Interactionism, i try to answer the following questions; Does the two magazines term of address and language differ from one and other? And if that is the case, in what way? With point of departure from contents and subject areas, how are the two magazines compounded? How can the underlying message in the different articles be interpreted?The analysis shows that both magazines followed their purpose of writing about exercising in general, diet, fitness and bodybuilding. However, the magazine Fitness writes more often then Body about matters not following the given purpose, and the language in Body is more informative and general in comparison with the language used in Fitness. Still, the messages sent out by the different articles are in majority of the respects similar. Both magazines are portraying body ideals who can be understand as extreme. In Body the message feels fairly straight, “Build bigger muscles and burn more fat”, whereas Fitness willingly use the concept of “wellness” as a cover for what the message really is, namely “get your self a rock hard body through dieting and hard training”!

No description available.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland. / Typescript. Restricted until November 1996. Bibliography: leaves 157-175. Also available online.

p. 1-185 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T19:34:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.pdf: 1154392 bytes, checksum: 4190d77086d54d9f4f1402b82f7bc7a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:33:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.pdf: 1154392 bytes, checksum: 4190d77086d54d9f4f1402b82f7bc7a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.pdf: 1154392 bytes, checksum: 4190d77086d54d9f4f1402b82f7bc7a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A saúde na contemporaneidade vem sendo considerada um valor distintivo a ser conquistado, na qual o discurso sobre “saudável” incorpora significados como juventude, força e beleza. A crescente valorização da aparência física tem levado um número cada vez maior de pessoas a frequentar academias de musculação, bem como a consumir produtos farmacêuticos e nutricionais, em vista do aprimoramento das dimensões corpóreas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever os cuidados com o corpo e analisar as concepções de saúde de homens das classes populares freqüentadores de academia na cidade de Salvador. Foi realizado um estudo etnográfico, com vistas a compreender como a construção do corpo musculoso se associa a masculinidade e a saúde nos praticantes de musculação de academias de bairros populares. Utilizou-se predominantemente a metodologia etnográfica proposta por Loic Wacquant (2002) da “Participação Observante”, no intuito de colher impressões, descrições e cenas que minuciosamente orientam o entendimento das práticas de musculação. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com freqüentadores de academias. A musculação se constitui como um esporte em que dar o máximo de si está diretamente ligado ao limite máximo de transformação do próprio corpo. O corpo funciona como um elemento que encarna uma idéia de controle físico e mental, fatores relacionados diretamente como elementos essenciais a saúde. Se por um lado os adeptos ostentam a necessidade de se ter uma vida regrada evitando os excessos da vida mundana, por outro lado utilizam para a manutenção e fabricação do corpo a prática excessiva dos exercícios físicos e o uso elevado de substâncias anabólicas. Esses homens que vêem na disciplina do esporte uma forma de negação de outras masculinidades construídas pelo tráfico de drogas e violência constroem novas hierarquias de masculinidades, na qual a figura do “homem de bem” se instaura como seu elemento estruturante. Observa-se que a idéia de saúde, no contexto estudado, também está diretamente ligada ao que se permeia no imaginário masculino: “saúde, sinônimo de força e externalização do bem-estar físico”, uma vez que esses homens vêem a representação física dos seus corpos como um marcador de saúde, mesmo que na construção do corpo “sarado” eles driblem a lógica do corpo tido como “saudável”. Assim, pode-se concluir que as formas de lidar com o corpo e com a identidade de gênero pode apreender uma riqueza de pormenores que em menor ou maior grau atinge os padrões de saúde e doença. / Salvador

Bodybuilding “mecca” Gold’s Gym Venice is a popular hotspot for athletes, celebrities, and their fans. Traditional and new media celebrities inhabit the space together and use it for a variety of purposes. Social media influencers often congregate within the walls of Gold’s Gym, using the commercial space to film, host meet-ups with fans, and socialize with other social media stars. Recently, Gold’s Gym Venice has placed restrictions on when, where, and how the influencers can film. This study explores fitness influencers in relation to their environment, the commercial space of Gold’s Gym Venice, through the strategies and tactics (De Certeau, 2011) implemented by different social groups and the self-work (Banet-Weiser, 2012) done by influencers to construct authenticity for their followers and fans. Influencers have often been studied separately from their surroundings, and this thesis analyzes the social media personalities in connection with their surroundings in order to understand how new digital workers navigate creative work in a traditional commercial space.