The question of what constitutes femininity has been widely debated, not only in gender studies, but also in the broader social world. A venue for this debate is the 1985 documentary, Pumping Iron II: The Women, in which gender and femininity in particular become part of the central plot of the film when Bev Francis, a woman bodybuilder more muscular than any other competitor, enters the competition. While feminist scholars have analyzed gender and sport from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, little attention has been paid to female bodybuilding in particular. To fill this gap, this thesis will examine the ways in which Bev Francis’s portrayal in Pumping Iron II: The Women reinforces and challenges ideas about gender, femininity, and embodiment. In Pumping Iron II: The Women Francis performs gender subversion, actively rebelling against gender norms while the film adheres to rigid definitions of femininity, resulting in her punishment. I seek to understand how female bodybuilding symbolizes larger cultural tensions around feminine gender performativity.

El trabajo presentado por el grupo de estudio universitario se basa en la elaboración y ventas de galletas con alto contenido proteico de sabores como chocolate, arándanos y coco, enfocado a un público dedicado al cuidado de la salud y a la tonificación de sus cuerpos. Esto se realiza con la finalidad de contribuir con la alimentación de las personas de una manera significativa e innovadora ofreciendo productos con ingredientes naturales y que a la vez presenten nutrientes que favorezcan a la salud de los consumidores. Estos productos cuentan con vitaminas A y B, hierro, magnesio y proteínas muy importantes con aminoácidos y glucoproteínas. Asimismo, este producto mantiene un alcance considerable para todos los tipos de compradores, ya que puede ir segmentado para personas que realicen algún tipo de actividad física o para clientes que no realicen actividad física, pero se preocupan por su estado de salud y por su alimentación diaria. En la actualidad en el mercado existen distintas marcas que ofrecen galleta o barras proteicas segmentadas para un público específico, sin embargo, el valor nutricional es menor al esperado por los consumidores y no existe mayor variedad de sabores e insumos. Con este producto que se plantea ofrecer al mercado, se espera generar una perspectiva en los compradores que permita fidelizar sus transacciones con la empresa y de esta convertirse en el líder del mercado con productos de altos estándares de calidad. / The work presented by the university study group is based on the production and sales of high-protein cookies with flavors such as chocolate, blueberries, and coconut, focused on an audience dedicated to health care and the toning of their bodies. This is carried out with the aim of contributing to the nutrition of people in a significant and innovative way, offering products with natural ingredients and at the same time presenting nutrients that favor the health of consumers. These products have vitamins A and B, iron, magnesium and very important proteins with amino acids and glycoproteins. Likewise, this product maintains a considerable scope for all types of buyers, since it can be segmented for people who carry out some type of physical activity or for clients who do not carry out physical activity but are concerned about their state of health and their daily diet. Currently in the market there are different brands that offer biscuits or protein bars segmented for a specific audience, however the nutritional value is less than expected by consumers and there is no greater variety of flavors and supplies. With this product that is proposed to be offered to the market, it is expected to generate a perspective in the buyers that will make their transactions with the company loyal and thus become the market leader with products of high quality standards. / Trabajo de investigación

The thesis analyses representations of body and class, and their wider ideological meaning, in Swedish power sports from 1920 to 1960. Boxing and weightlifting – sports dominated by manual workers – are chosen as study objects. The sources used are magazines connected to the power sports, and autobiographies by four prominent athletes. The thesis relates to different areas of previous research. One concerns the body as such, from a social and cultural history perspective, another revolves around medial and autobiographical representations in relation to sports, and a third is about the relationships between body, class and sport. In the analysis, the Bourdieusian concepts capital and hexis are added to a discussion on the ways that value is attached to the body, linked to the notions of use value and exchange value. The content analysis of the source material makes ground for an analysis of more implicit ideological aspects, e.g. using Barthes’s theory on mythology. Manual labour and working life appear as central organising themes in the source material. Boxing and weightlifting were largely regarded and designated as professions, challenging ideals of amateurism. A physically demanding manual work was depicted as natural breeding grounds where sports practitioners became skilled. This masculine ideal united people from various manual working groups (not only from the working class in its socio-economic sense) where the emphasis was put on the physical strength and ability of the athlete to work hard. The body was used in a form of class polemics, preferably against middle and upper class people. Certain aspects of strength and style of athletic performance were related to particular levels of intelligence and education. Power athletes from the manual working groups were depicted as “natural”, with associations to rural areas, not least working in the forest. The ideas of naturalness in its most derogatory sense of being close to animals and lacking civilisation, was however mostly used in connections with black athletes. Success stories were common narratives about power sports as arenas of success. They included a powerful norm that success must be cultivated, where the responsibility was put upon the athlete himself. Successful athletes from manual working groups could transform their physical capital into economic capital, which was often depicted as short-lived because of aging and individual shortcomings. A commercial consumer culture became more explicit in the 1950s, when bodybuilding had its Swedish breakthrough within weightlifting. Sports training was rationalised and largely decoupled from its associations with manual work. This led to an increased reification of the body as pure surface, which was attributed a value itself. The body became an area of consumption, a commodity with an exchange value, when decoupled from its use value as labour or tool for sporting success. As to the ideological aspects of the development, it is shown that there was a widespread individualist norm. Only the individual himself had the possibility to rise up and achieve success. The ideal of manual work was more of a moral and cultural nature, than political. Although there were some collectivist features in that rhetoric, the manual worker idealisation fundamentally carried an individualistic tendency. It is argued that this idealisation, or workerism, is a fruitful object for further analyses.

Title: Influence of Young Barley and Chlorella Pyrenoidosa on Regeneration in Bodybuilding and Fitness Athletes Target: The aim of this work is to determine whether the use of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa (CHP) and Young Barley (MJ) products have an effect on muscle regeneration in strength athletes in the fields of bodybuilding and fitness, specifically addressing the level of the creatine kinase (CK) enzyme after strength training. Additionally, it is to find out whether the use of CHP and JM affects the quality of life of athletes. Methods: This diploma thesis is a qualitative correlation study. The theoretical part of the work was processed on the basis of information from books and electronic sources in Czech and English. For the practical part, 5 probands from the bodybuilding and fitness sports sector were purposefully selected. The group underwent blood sampling analyzed with a BECKMAN COULTRE DxC 700 analyzer for CK levels. Data on the impact of Green Food on quality of life were obtained using a record sheet entitled: "Daily Subjective Records". Statistical analysis of the Daily Subjective Record data was performed by paired t-test at the significance level of α ≤ 0.05 and subsequently graphed. Results: We found an overall linear reduction in serum CK levels in 3/5 of the probands.The 24 hour...

Bakgrund: Muskeldysmorfi (MD) är en psykologisk störning som kännetecknas avatt en person är tvångsmässigt bekymrad över sin upplevda brist på muskulatur. MDkan ha betydande negativa effekter på en persons liv, vilket kan leda till socialisolering, ökad risk för missbruk och psykisk ohälsa. Ännu finns det inga studiersom tagit upp muskeldysmorfi hos den svenska befolkningen. Syfte: Syftet medstudien var att undersöka hur vanligt det är med muskeldysmorfi hos personer somstyrketränar. Metod: Metoden som användes var en kvantitativ forskningsmetod(enkät) och studiedesignen för denna studie var en tvärsnittsstudie. Antropometriskamått, tränings- och fysisk aktivitetbakgrund, kosttillskott, sociala medier och MuscleDysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) användes som mätinstrument i dennastudie. Resultat: Resultaten visade att 21,6% av deltagarna uppfyllde dediagnostiska kriterierna av MD. Manliga deltagare (n = 54) var i genomsnitt yngreän de kvinnliga deltagarna (n = 20). Männen var även tyngre, längre och hade högreBMI än kvinnorna. Resultaten visade inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellandeltagare utan symtom och deltagare med symtom av MD i träningsbakgrund,användning av sociala medier och kosttillskott. Resultaten visade inte heller någrastatistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellan män (34.28±7.37) och kvinnor (31.60 ±6.57) av MD- symtom. Konklusion: Sammanfattningsvis visade studien vilkasymtom som varit mest prevalenta inom MDDI. Resultaten gick i linje med tidigareforskning som belyst MD:s negativa inverkan på individens fysiska självvärde,psykiska hälsa, inklusive ökad risk för depression och ångest. / Background: Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a psychological disorder characterizedby a person being obsessively concerned about their perceived lack of muscularity.MD can have significant negative effects on a person's life, leading to socialisolation, increased risk of substance abuse and mental health problems. So far,there are no studies addressing muscle dysmorphia in the Swedish population.Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of muscledysmorphia in people who do strength training. Method: The method used was aquantitative research method (questionnaire) and the study design for this study wasa cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measures, exercise and physical activitybackground, dietary supplements, social media, and the Muscle DysmorphicDisorder Inventory (MDDI) were used as measurement instruments in this study.Results: Results showed that 21.6% of participants met the diagnostic criteria ofMD. Male participants (n = 54) were on average younger than the femaleparticipants (n = 20). The men were also heavier, taller and had a higher BMI thanthe women. The results showed no statistically significant differences betweenparticipants without symptoms and participants with symptoms of MD in exercisebackground, social media use and dietary supplements. The results also showed nostatistically significant differences between men (34.28±7.37) and women(31.60±6.57) of MD symptoms. Conclusion: In summary, the study showed whichsymptoms were most prevalent in MDDI. The results were in line with previousresearch highlighting the negative impact of MD on the individual's physical selfworth, mental health, including increased risk of depression and anxiety.

Darbo problema: sportinės rekreacijos formos kultūrizmo įtaką žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Tyrimo hipotezė. Kultūrizmas, kaip sportinės rekreacijos forma, daro įtaką žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Tyrimo objektas: kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos formos, įtaka žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos formos, įtaka žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Baigiamojo darbo uždaviniai 1. Išanalizuoti kultūrizmo, sportinės rekreacijos ir žmogaus gyvenimo kokybės teorinius aspektus. 2. Nustatyti kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos formos, pasirinkimą vartotojų tarpe. 3. Ištirti vartotojų pasirenkamas kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos, formas. 4. Nustatyti sportinės rekreacijos formos kultūrizmo įtaką žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Išvados. 1. Kultūrizmas yra išskirtinė sporto šaka, kurioje yra parodomas ištobulintas kūnas. Sportinė rekreacija yra aktyvus poilsis gamtinėje arba dirbtinėje aplinkoje, apimantis kultūrizmo sportą, kurio metu yra treniruojami visi kūno raumenys, siekiant juos padidinti. Kultūrizmas ir sportinės rekreacijos forma, daranti teigiamą įtaką žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. 2. Vyrai dažniau nei moterys teigiamai vertina kultūrizmo sporto šaką (p=0,004). Vyrai dažniau nei moterys užsiiminėja kultūrizmu (p=0,000). Moterys ir vyrai sportinę rekreaciją dažniausiai vertina labai teigiamai (p=0,117). Moterims ir vyrams yra priimtinas jėgas atstatantis įvairaus aktyvumo laipsnio poilsis rekreacija (p=0,497). 3. Vyrai ir moterys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Problem: how bodybuilding, as a form of sports recreation, affects quality of human life. Object: bodybuilding, as a form of sports recreation, affects quality of human life. Purpose: to set affect of bodybuilding, as a form of sports recreation, to quality of human life. Tasks: 1st – to analyze theoretical aspects of bodybuilding, sports recreation and human life quality. 2nd – to set option of bodybuilding as sport recreation form by gender. 3rd – to set forms of bodybuilding as a sport recreation. 3rd – to set influence of bodybuilding to human life quality. Conclusions. 1. Bodybuilding is a unique sport, which is shown by perfected body. Sports recreation is active sport form in natural or artificial environments, covering sport of bodybuilding, in which there are trained all groups of muscles in order to improve them. Bodybuilding is form of sports recreation and is the factor that can have a positive impact on the quality of human life. 2. Men more often than women appreciates bodybuilding sport (p = 0.004). Men more often than women are engaged in bodybuilding (p = 0.000). Sport recreation is valued highly positive by men and women (p = 0.117). Women and men are different restoring forces acceptable degree of activity in leisure recreation (p = 0.497). 3. Men and women are opting for bodybuilding as a sport form of recreation (p = 0.083). Men more often than women are choosing bodybuilding as a form of recreation sports several times a week and several times... [to full text]

O exercício físico é mediado por mecanismos neuroendócrinos altamente específicos, que apresenta uma aparente relação dose-resposta com o aumento da concentração de GH, o qual, em conjunto com o IGF-1, compõe o eixo GH-IGF, determinante para o processo de crescimento muscular. A resposta do hormônio GH induzida pelo exercício está associada à intensidade, duração, frequência e método de treinamento utilizado. Desta forma, a prática de exercícios, principalmente contra uma resistência, está intimamente ligada à função anabólica, envolvendo processos de síntese proteica e ressíntese de glicogênio. Diante de relatos na literatura, o treinamento físico é capaz de promover um aumento dos níveis de IGFBP-3, proteína ligadora responsável por ampliar a atividade secretória do eixo GH-IGF. Em preparações de modalidades como o fisiculturismo, em que os atletas são julgados pela simetria muscular e definição corporal, é comum a adoção de estratégias dietéticas, bem como, desidratação, períodos de jejum prolongado, restrição calórica severa, uso de diuréticos e utilização de esteroides anabolizantes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar o comportamento do eixo GH-IGF, sob suplementação de nutrientes, como carboidrato (maltodextrina) e proteína (whey protein), comumente utilizados por fisiculturistas, pela técnica de imuno-ensaios realizados em amostras de sangue obtidas em uma sessão de treinamento padronizada. A amostra foi composta por 10 atletas fisiculturistas da categoria Men\'s Physique que foram analisados em fase off season , ou seja, fora da fase preparatória para a competição, no momento que antecede a sessão de treinamento (PRÉ TREINO), 30 minutos após (PÓS TREINO 30\') e 60 minutos após o término da sessão (PÓS TREINO 60\'). Foram analisados dados antropométricos, composição nutricional da dieta e concentrações de IGF-1. Para as análises estatísticas foram utilizadas ANOVA two way de medidas repetidas, Magnitude de Efeito (ES) e Probabilidade Quantitativa de Chances (QC). Os resultados mostram uma tendência de aumento nas concentrações de IGF-1 para os estados alimentado e suplementado nos momentos de pré treino e pós treino 30 e 60 minutos. Além disso, de uma maneira geral, observou-se um aumento nas concentrações de IGF-1 no estado suplementado , em comparação ao estado de jejum e alimentado, independente do momento do treino. Ademais, observa-se uma restrição na ingestão de carboidratos em contrapartida de um maior consumo de proteínas, ou seja, estratégias necessárias para corroborar com as exigências do Esporte. Desta forma, diante do importante papel do IGF-1 sob o processo de hipertrofia muscular e dos achados no seu comportamento submetido ao uso de um suplemento alimentar contendo carboidrato + whey protein, torna-se interessante uso desta solução em prol do desempenho e sucesso dos atletas fisiculturistas / The physical exercise is mediated by highly specific neuroendocrine mechanisms, which presents an apparent dose-response relationship with the increase in GH concentration, which, together with IGF-1, makes up the GH-IGF axis, which is determinant for the muscle growth. Exercise-induced GH hormone response is associated with the intensity, duration, frequency, and training method used. In this way, the practice of exercises, mainly against a resistance, is closely linked to the anabolic function, involving processes of protein synthesis and glycogen resynthesis. According to reports in the literature, physical training is capable of promoting an increase in levels of IGFBP-3, a binding protein responsible for enhancing the secretory activity of the GH-IGF axis. In preparation for modalities such as bodybuilding, where athletes are judged by muscular symmetry and body definition, dietary strategies, as well as dehydration, periods of prolonged fasting, severe caloric restriction, use of diuretics, and steroid use are common anabolic. In this sense, the objective of the study was to investigate the behavior of the GH-IGF axis, under nutrient supplementation, such as carbohydrate (maltodextrin) and protein (whey protein), commonly used by bodybuilders, by the immunoassay technique performed in blood samples obtained in a standardized training session. The sample consisted of 10 bodybuilders from the Men\'s Physique category who were analyzed in the off-season phase, that is, outside the preparatory phase for the competition, at the moment before the training session (PRE-TRAINING), 30 minutes after (POST-TRAINING 30 \') and 60 minutes after the end of the session (POST TRAIN 60\'). Anthropometric data, nutritional composition of the diet and concentrations of IGF-1 were analyzed. Two-way ANOVA of repeated measures, Magnitude of Effect (ES) and Quantitative Chance of Chance (QC) were used for statistical analysis. The results show a trend of increase in IGF-1 concentrations for the fed and supplemented states at pre-workout and post-workout 30 and 60 minutes. In addition, in general, an increase in IGF-1 concentrations in the supplemented state, as compared to the fed and fed state, was observed irrespective of the training time. In addition, a restriction in the carbohydrate intake is observed in counterpart of a greater consumption of proteins, that is, strategies necessary to corroborate with the requirements of the Sport. Thus, in view of the important role of IGF-1 under the process of muscular hypertrophy and the findings in the in its behavior submitted to the use of a food supplement containing carbohydrate + whey protein, it becomes interesting to use this solution for the performance and success of the athletes bodybuilders

No fisiculturismo a estética corporal é mais importante que o desempenho atlético. A preparação do atleta envolve treinamento resistido (TR) de alto volume e intensidade, estratégias drásticas de alimentação e uso de substâncias farmacológicas (FARM). Atualmente, pouco é conhecido sobre os riscos à saúde aos quais os atletas desse esporte estão submetidos. Objetivos: Identificar o perfil dos atletas ativos no fisiculturismo, em diferentes modalidades, quanto a aspectos da saúde e identificar as características do TR e treinamento aeróbio (TAE) utilizados. Métodos: Foram avaliados 510 atletas, masculino e feminino, ativos no fisiculturismo e afiliados à Confederação Brasileira de Musculação, Fisiculturismo e Fitness; média de idade de 30,17 ± 7,54 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante eventos estaduais e nacionais. Questionário sobre aspectos de saúde e características de treinamento foi aplicado. Foram obtidas as medidas da circunferência do braço direito e abdominal, 3 medidas de pressão arterial (PA) e frequência cardíaca (FC) com monitores automáticos OMRON HME-431. O peso corporal (PC) e a estatura (EST) foram medidos seguindo-se o procedimento oficial dos eventos. Análise Estatística: Utilizou-se média e desvio padrão para as características descritivas, teste Qui-quadrado para parâmetros qualitativos e coeficiente de Pearson pra análise de correlação entre os grupos, com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: Foi evidenciado índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 26,16 ± 2,48 Kg/m2 e 22,34 ± 2,15 Kg/m2 (p<0,253), para os atletas do sexo masculino e feminino, respectivamente. Em aspectos de saúde, 6,6% responderam ter doença crônica e, destes, 88,9% não utilizavam medicamento regularmente; relataram ser hipertensos, 1,9% dos atletas, entretanto, 15,74% apresentaram medidas de PA elevadas e 52,5% relataram ter utilizado substância farmacológica proibidas no esporte nos últimos 6 meses anteriores a pesquisa; o acompanhamento por profissional de educação física, nutricionista e médico ocorreu na maioria dos relatos, mas os homens apresentaram menores taxas de seguimento do que as mulheres; o número de atletas sem acompanhamento de profissional de educação física foi maior em indivíduos com PA elevada em comparação a indivíduos com a PA normal (25%; 14,79%; p<0,031). Na fase off-season o treinamento apresentou volume condizente às diretrizes do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM); na fase PRE, o volume foi mais alto que o indicado pelo ACSM para a maioria dos atletas. Apenas 3,3% dos atletas relataram não utilizar exercício aeróbio na preparação; a maioria utiliza o treinamento aeróbio em jejum. Conclusão: Os atletas do fisiculturismo estão submetidos a treinamento resistido de alto volume e estão expostos a significativos fatores de risco à saúde, como desconhecimento quanto a doenças crônicas, elevado uso de substâncias farmacológicas proibidas no esporte e menor acompanhamento de saúde no sexo masculino. / In bodybuilding, body aesthetics are more important than athletic performance. The athlete\'s preparation involves high volume and intensity resistance training (RT), drastic strategies of nutrition and use of pharmacological substances (FARM). Currently, not much is known about the health risks which athletes of this sport are subjected. Objectives: To identify the profile of active athletes in bodybuilding, in different modalities, regarding aspects of health and to identify the characteristics of the RT and aerobic training (APR) used. Methods: 510 male and female athletes, active in bodybuilding and affiliated with the Brazilian Confederation of Bodybuilding and Fitness; aged 30.17 ± 7.54 years. Data collection was done during state and national events. Questionnaire on health aspects and training characteristics was applied. Measurements of right arm and abdominal circumference, 3 measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) with OMRON HME-431 automatic monitors were obtained. Body weight (BW) and height (HE) were measured following the official procedure of the events. Statistical analysis: Mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive characteristics, Chi-square test for qualitative parameters and Pearson coefficient for correlation analysis between groups, with significance level p <0.05. Results: Body mass index (BMI) of 26.16 ± 2.48 Kg / m2 and 22.34 ± 2.15 Kg / m2 (p <0.253) were recorded for male and female athletes, respectively. In health aspects, 6.6% had chronic disease and, of them, 88.9% did not use medication regularly; 1.9% of the athletes reported to be hypertensive, however, 15.74% had high BP measurements and 52.5% reported having used banned drugs in sports in the last 6 months prior to the survey; follow-up by physical education professional, nutritionist and medical occurred in most reports, but men had lower follow-up rates than women; the number of athletes without accompaniment of physical education professional was higher in subjects with high BP than in subjects with normal BP (25%, 14.79%, p <0.031). In the offseason the training presented volume according to the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM); in the PRE phase, the volume was higher than that indicated by ACSM for most athletes. Only 3.3% of the athletes reported not using aerobic exercise in the preparation; most use fasting aerobic training. Conclusion: Bodybuilding athletes are submitted to high volume resistance training and they are exposed to significant health risk factors, such as lack of knowledge about chronic diseases, high use of pharmacological substances banned in sport, and poor health follow-up in males.

Once known only as Bodybuilding and Women’s Bodybuilding, the sport has grown to include multiple competition categories that both limit and expand opportunities for female bodybuilders. While the creation of additional categories, such as Fitness, Figure, Bikini, and Physique, appears to make the sport more inclusive to more variations and interpretation of the feminine, muscular physique, it also creates more in-between spaces. This auto ethnographic research explores the ways that multiple female competition categories within the sport of Bodybuilding define, reinforce, and complicate the gendered experiences of female physique athletes, by bringing freak theory into conversation with body categories.

Kultūrizmas – tai sporto šaka, kurioje atliekamas anaerobinis fizinis krūvis ir pratimai, kurie atliekami kilnojant ar kitaip atliekant pratimus ir judesius su svoriais. Kitaip tariant, kultūrizmo darbo pobūdis – didžiąją dalį laiko užima svorių kilnojimas, taip pat treniruotės su savo kūno svoriu. Kultūrizmas – estetinė sporto šaka. Fizinio krūvio pobūdis taip pat priklauso nuo to, ar auginama raumenų masė, poodinio riebalų sluoksnio mažinimas, kūno linijų, formų ir proporcijų koregavimas ir formavimas. Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti 20-30 metų kultūrisčių kūno kompozicijos bei kraujo baltymų apykaitos rodiklių koncentracijos pokyčius metiniame treniruočių cikle. Nurodytam tikslui pasiekti iškelti sekantys uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti treniruočių krūvių poveikį kultūrisčių atskirų kūno masės komponentų santykiui metinio treniruočių ciklo eigoje. 2. Palyginti įprastai besimaitinančių ir vartojančių maisto papildus kultūrisčių kūno masės komponentų santykio kaitą metiniame treniruočių cikle. 3. Įvertinti įprastai besimaitinančių ir vartojančių maisto papildus kultūrisčių kraujo baltymų apykaitos rodiklių koncentraciją metinio treniruočių ciklo pradžioje ir gale. 4. Nustatyti koreliacinius ryšius tarp normaliai besimaitinančių ir vartojančių baltyminius maisto papildus kultūrisčių liesos kūno masės, vandens masės ir baltymų apykaitos rodiklių koncentracijos kraujyje metinio treniruočių ciklo pradžioje ir gale. Šiame darbe kėleme hipotezę, kad kryptingi, specifiniai treniruočių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Bodybuilding is a branch of sports when you do anaerobic physical load and exercise, which are achieved by lifting or making moves with weights. In other words bodybuilding attribution is lifting weights for the most part of time also exercising with your own body weight. Bodybuilding is aesthetic branch of sports. Physical loads are subjected to gaining muscle weight, losing hypodermic fat, lines of the body, proportion correction and formation. Objectives were to examine 20-30 years old female bodybuilders body composition and blood protein concentration index variation over a year training cycle. For noted objectives to achive several tasks were used: 1. Evaluate workout effects on female bodybuilders seperate body mass component proportion over a year training cycle. 2. Compare commonly mealing and using supplement female bodybuilders seperate body mass component proportion over a year training cycle 3. Evaluate commonly mealing and using supplements female bodybuilders blood protein concentration index at starting-point and in the end of year training cycle. 4. Identify correlational connections between commonly mealing and using supplement female bodybuilders (lean body mass, water mass and blood protein concentration index) at starting-point and in the end of year training cycle. Hypothesis was brought that purposeful specific training loads, that were used over a year training cycle by female bodybuilders, changes body mass composition and that protein supplements... [to full text]