Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Tesis de grado Carrera de Ingenieria Agronomica, Universidad Mayor De San Andres, Facultad de Agronomia. / Abstract in Spanish and English.

abstract: Since the Convention on Biological Diversity was established in 1992, more importance has been given to the conservation of genetic resources in the international community. In 2001, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) focused on conserving plant genetic resources, including crop wild relatives (CWR). Some of these genetic resources hold desirable traits--such as transfer of plant disease resistance, improvement of nutritional content, or increased resistance to climate change--that can improve commercial crops. For many years, ex situex situ conservation was the prevalent form of protecting plant genetic resources. However, after PGRFA was published in 1998, in situ techniques have increasingly been applied to conserve wild relatives and enhance domesticated crops.In situ techniques are preferred when possible, since they allow for continued evolution of traits through natural selection, and viability of seed stock through continuous germination and regeneration. In my research, I identified regions in Bolivia and rated them according to their potential for successful programs of iin situ conservation of wild crop relatives. In particular, I analyzed areas according to the following criteria: a) The prevalence of CWRs. b) The impacts of climate change, land use change, population growth, and economic development on the continued viability of CWRs in an area. c) The socio-political and economic conditions that might impede or facilitate successful conservation programs and outcomes. This work focuses on three genera of particular importance in Bolivia: Peanut (Arachis spp.), Potato (Solanum spp.) and Quinoa (Chenopodium spp.). I analyzed the above factors for each municipality in Bolivia (the smallest scale for which appropriate data were available). The results indicate which municipalities are most likely to successfully engage in CWR conservation projects. Finally, I present guidelines for the creation of conservation projects that pinpoint some of the potential risks and difficulties with in situ conservation programs in Bolivia and more generally. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2011

This thesis explores the new self-narratives which are currently being created by young alteños with experience of living and/or working on the streets. These young people are projecting their visions for the future and challenging their marginal status by going back to their roots, looking to the history, myths, legends and practices of their ancestors for inspiration. They are constantly affirming and reaffirming their connections both to the older generations and to Pachamama (Mother Earth). These connections, rather than being threatened by the urbanity of their present existence, are actually enhanced by it. Specifically, this thesis addresses the creativity employed by young alteños as they make a claim to modernity through working as shoe-shiners, conducting rituals such as the ch'alla to Pachamama, participating in festivals to create collectivity and belonging, and politicising indigenous culture in hip-hop at La Casa Juvenil de las Culturas Wayna Tambo in El Alto. This thesis explores the hopes and ambitions of young alteños; the ways they conceive of the future. Whilst it is true that the Presidency of Evo Morales has acted as a catalyst in the processes of re-evaluation of indigenous culture currently underway in Bolivia, this thesis proposes that, in the case of young people in El Alto, they do not merely accept his authority, but are constantly questioning, challenging and - where necessary - opposing, the changes introduced. Therefore, this thesis investigates the ways in which young alteños navigate and re-imagine categories of “indigeneity,” “authenticity” and “modernity” - how they affect and are affected by them in their everyday lives. It asks what it means to be young and Aymara today, in El Alto, and argues that there is no contradiction being both 'Aymara' and 'Street.' In using a youth-centred methodology, this thesis aims to give a direct voice to these young people and weight to their claims as agents of change in contemporary Bolivia.

Increasing the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of food systems while making them productive enough to feed a future global population of 9 billion is one of the most significant challenges facing humanity. Aquaculture is touted as a food system that can make a profound contribution to this challenge, but much more research is needed to understand how it can develop sustainably. In central Bolivia, an aquaculture system is emerging that is generating opportunities for empowerment, food security, and poverty reduction. However, pathways that lead to the capture of these opportunities while avoiding challenges are not well defined. It is also unclear how the trajectory of growth can be supported so that aquaculture in the region can sustainably contribute to rural development. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine how rural small-scale aquaculture systems can contribute to food production while also being environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable. To do so, a new holistic value chain analysis that incorporates horizontal linkages (gender, food security, poverty analysis, and socio-political context) was developed and utilized. It included semi-structured interviews with 40 central Bolivian aquaculture producers, 40 farmers who did not produce aquaculture fish, 26 people employed in the aquaculture value chain, and 18 aquaculture system key informants. The study found that aquaculture in central Bolivia tends to have a positive effect on system participants and has a low environmental impact. It also identified improvements that the system could make to improve its productivity and sustainability. Beyond the central Bolivian aquaculture system specifically, the research makes an important and valuable contribution to knowledge by identifying and explaining the linkages between local and regional food systems in the global South, and sustainable development outcomes. This research provides insight for development researchers and practitioners looking to improve the productivity and sustainability of aquaculture systems. This research also improves our understanding of how food system development can generate empowerment, food security, and poverty reduction more broadly. / Graduate

O presente trabalho busca analisar o processo de politização das identidades indígenas, entendido como uma luta por reconhecimento, ressaltando a dinâmica das fronteiras étnicas na interação entre indígenas e o Estado, na Bolívia pós-1985. Entende-se que ao fundamentarem sua luta em um largo histórico de dominação e traduzirem-na em uma demanda por direitos e por reconhecimento social e político, os povos indígenas ressignificam sua posição marginal na sociedade e conformam a base para sua organização. Defende-se que, uma vez que as identidades resultam de constantes processos internos e externos de definição, a possibilidade de conformação de uma identidade efetivamente autônoma só se concretiza se os sujeitos podem definir quais os parâmetros legítimos a partir dos quais se dá o reconhecimento, que adquire um caráter eminentemente político. A este respeito, entende-se que a luta avançada pelos povos indígenas representa um desafio para as formas tradicionais de definição de cidadania, questionando o paradigma liberal até então hegemônico, especialmente no que tange a natureza coletiva do sujeito indígena e sua relação com o território e com a política em geral. Assim, a indigeneidade se coloca como uma peça chave para a compreensão das mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas na Bolívia, assim como para a compreensão de um processo mais amplo de descolonização das categorias e instituições do Estado-nação. Desta forma, o trabalho segue de forma a discutir como a luta por reconhecimento por direitos se construiu a partir das críticas ao colonialismo interno do Estado boliviano, posteriormente avançando sobre como ampliação das fronteiras da identidade indígena serviu como elemento aglutinador de um processo crescentemente contencioso das relações entre a sociedade as instituições do Estado em sua acepção liberal. Posteriormente, discutir-se-á sobre como as lutas e demandas indígenas foram reconhecidas na Constituição de 2009 em um esforço conjunto de representantes de diversos movimentos sociais no país para superar a abordagem multiculturalista através da plurinacionalidade e da interculturalidade. Por fim, destacar-se-á as presentes contradições deste processo, no qual o empoderamento político indígena se depara com a centralidade cada vez maior da democracia representativa e dos apelos de uma identidade nacional indigeneizada, em detrimento dos avanços legais da Constituição plurinacional e das lutas por interculturalidade e pela consolidação da autonomia dos sujeitos coletivos na Bolívia / The following work will discuss the process of politicization of indigenous identities, understood as a struggle for recognition, highlighting the dynamics of the ethnic boundaries in the interaction between the indigenous and the state in Bolivia after 1985. We sustain that as indigenous peoples root their struggle in a long background of domination which is translated into a demand for rights and for social and political recognition, they ressignify their marginality within the society and establish the foundations for their organization. We suggest that, inasmuch as identities result from constant processes of internal and external forms of definition, the possibility of constructing actually autonomous identities is only possible if the subjects are able to define by which standards should they be granted recognition, which, in turn, becomes eminently political. Following that, we observe that the indigenous struggles posits a challenge to traditional forms of defining citizenship, as they question the hegemony of the liberal paradigm so far, specially in matters of the collective nature of indigenous subject and its particular relation to the territory and politics. Therefore, indigeneity is presented as a key factor for understanding the political changes in Bolivia over the last decades, but also for analyzing the process of decolonization of nationstate categories and institutions. We herein discuss how the struggle for recognition in the legal and social dimensions was key for constructing a broader critique of the internal colonialism in the Bolivian State, followed by a discussion on how the expansion of the boundaries of the indigenous identities transformed it into a converging element of a increasingly contentious process in the relation between the society and the states institutions in their most liberal facet. Later on, we will explore how these struggles and demands were recognized in the 2009 Constitution, as a result of the mutual effort of representatives of various social movements to overcome the multicultural approach to indigenous rights with plurinationality and interculturality. Finally, we assess the present contradictions of such process, in which the political empowerment of the indigenous faces the rising centrality of representative democracy and the appeals of a indigenized national identity, as opposed to the consolidation of constitutional plurinationality and of the intercultural plea for the consolidation of the autonomy of indigenous collective subjects in Bolivia

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:59:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000430715-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 1474491 bytes, checksum: ab9ecc1554a68667530e65fad737ee76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This study aims to establish the constraints that hindered ethnic and/or facilitated the installation of the Missions of Chiquitos in Bolivia. From the interethnic contact, there were alliances and conflicts between indigenous/indigenous and among indigenous/europeans, which enabled the establishment of european society in their territories, the establishment of the encomienda system in Asunción and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, and finally the foundation of the Jesuit missions among the Indians of Chiquitania. The time frame starts in the mid-sixteenth century, when the European conquerors come in the Pantanal and Chiquitania in reaching the mineral wealth of Peru and Potosi in Bolivia. In this context, there are several episodes of intense conflicts between Indians and Spaniards encomenderos until, from 1609, Jesuit missionaries appear as a lifeline for indigenous and integration into a new colonial context of the reductions through religious, first along to the Guarani, on the banks of the river Paranapanema (the current state of Paraná) and then in 1691, in Chiquitania, with the Indians known as Chiquito. This, conflict and alliances among the europeans who sought to conquer territories and riches for the Spanish Crown, there is genocide and exploitation of many indigenous communities, indigenous migration to safer regions, such as the Chiquitos Missions themselves and mixing of indigenous groups with distinct cultures and languages. For the interpretation of the events generated by interethnic contact between Indians and Europeans, the discourse analysis was used to understand how European society built the image of the Indian as a being without faith, without law and no King. / Este estudo tem como objetivo estabelecer os condicionantes étnicos que dificultaram e/ou facilitaram a instalação das Missões de Chiquitos na Bolívia. A partir do contato interétnico, surgiram alianças e conflitos entre indígenas/indígenas e entre indígenas/europeus, que possibilitaram o estabelecimento da sociedade europeia em seus territórios, a implantação do sistema de encomiendas em Assunção e Santa Cruz de la Sierra e, finalmente, a fundação das missões jesuíticas entre os indígenas da Chiquitania. O recorte temporal inicia em meados do século XVI, quando os conquistadores europeus entram na região do Pantanal e da Chiquitania na tentativa de alcançar as riquezas minerais do Peru e de Potosi na Bolívia. Nesse contexto, ocorrem vários episódios de intensos conflitos entre indígenas e espanhóis encomenderos até que, a partir de 1609, os missionários jesuítas aparecem como uma possibilidade de salvação dos indígenas e de inserção em um novo contexto colonial por meio das reduções religiosas, primeiro, junto aos Guarani, nas margens do rio Paranapanema (no atual estado do Paraná) e, posteriormente, em 1691, na Chiquitania, junto aos indígenas conhecidos como Chiquito. Assim, surgem conflitos e alianças entre os europeus que almejavam conquistar riquezas e territórios para a Coroa espanhola, ocorre o genocídio e a exploração de muitos indígenas, a migração de indígenas para regiões mais seguras, como a das próprias Missões de Chiquitos e a miscigenação de grupos indígenas com culturas e línguas distintas. Para a interpretação dos episódios gerados pelo contato interétnico entre indígenas e europeus, a análise de discurso foi utilizada na compreensão de como a sociedade europeia construiu a imagem do indígena como um ser sem fé, sem lei e sem Rei.

Este artículo presenta una primera descripción del léxico dieciochesco del español del oriente de Bolivia a partir del "Práctico Diario de Antonio Seoane de los Santos". De su estudio se pueden extraer una serie de conclusiones de cierta relevancia, tales como el empleo ya en esta época de voces propias actualmente de la región, la abundancia de lusismos, o la coincidencia léxica que existe entre esta zona y el área platense.Palabras clave: historia del español de América, léxico, siglo XVIII, Bolivia orientalAbstractThis paper presents a first description of 18th century Eastern Bolivian lexicon, based on Seoane de los Santos’ "Práctico Diario". It is possible to obtain some relevant conclusions from this study, such as the use of some bolivianisms already in this moment, the abundance of Portuguese words, or the lexical coincidence of this region with the Platense area.Keywords: history of American Spanish, vocabulary, 18th century, Eastern Bolivia

Tesis para optar al grado de Magister en Estudios Latinoamericas

Orientadores: Rosana Aparecida Baeninger, Sylvain Souchaud / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peres_RobertaGuimaraes_D.pdf: 5823890 bytes, checksum: 7df66555fb30acb01dfc6791ec91fe0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O cenário da migração internacional no Brasil já se apresenta como um fenômeno relevante, complexo e multifacetado da população há mais um século. Diversos não somente em pontos de origem e destino, mas também em motivações, trajetórias e estratégias, esses fluxos chamam a atenção pela complexidade e volume da circulação de pessoas e capitais, bem como pelos impactos nos espaços migratórios. A fronteira Brasil - Bolívia abriga um movimento intenso entre os dois países, em diversas ondas migratórias de diferentes intensidades ao longo de 50 anos. Neste contexto, surge o tema da migração feminina e seus diferenciais em todos os aspectos do fenômeno. Este trabalho busca a análise da presença boliviana em Corumbá - MS, a partir da perspectiva da migração feminina, através de suas especificidades / Abstract: The international migration context in Brazil has become quite a phenomenon with a complex and multifaceted population for over a century. Not only in several points of origin and destination but also motivations, trajectories and strategies, these flows attract attention to the complexity and volume of movement of people and capital, as well as the impacts on migratory spaces. The border Brazil - Bolívia is home to an intense movement between the two countries invarious migratory waves of different intensities over 50 years. In this context, there is the issue of female migration and its characteristics in all aspects of the phenomenon. This work aims to analyze the presence in Bolivia Corumbá - MS, from the perspective of female migration, through their specific requirements / Doutorado / Doutor em Demografia