No description available.

¡@Bony flyingfish (Hirundichthys oxycephalus) is the primary component of flyingfish-egg fishery captures in the northeastern waters of Taiwan, and is also one of the dominant species of flyingfish in eastern waters of Taiwan. In recent years, people are conscious of overfishing in negarding to the continuously decreasing flyingfish resources. For rational management and sustainability of the fishery, there is an urgent need to study age and growth of the fish. Based on the laboratory-reared fish from the fertilized eggs collected in the wild, the daily periodicity of growth increments in three pairs of otoliths (lapillus, sagitta and asteriscus) was validated. First growth increment formed in the first day after hatching for sagitta and lupillus, and was in the eleven day after hatching for Asteriscus. ¡@¡@Ages of the wild flyingfish sample of 5.4~229.1 mm FL collected by drifted gillnets in Hualian, Taitung, Lyudao and Lanyu waters during April 2009 to March 2010, were determined by daily growth increment (DGI) counting in asteriscus, as adjusted by an addition of 11 DGIs. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters of the fish were estimated to be 253.9 mm in asymptotic length and 0.00753 mm d-1 in growth coefficient. Use DGIs estimation hatch date from otolith ringing, and estimated spawning date by deduct from 3 day hatch requisition. we found 2 recruitment group in eastern Taiwan within a year, most fish hatched either in summer or winter. In this study showing that bony flyingfish was an grew fast and had long longevity sp., therefore, on fishery management, we should decrease the fishing pressure and give them enough surplus biomass, so the biomass could recover rapidly. And we found two recruitment group, one could behalf of stock from east taiwan, and maybe it could behalf of two stocks ,on the other hand the method of fishery management should be a quite different .We suggest to confirm by the further reproductive biology research.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Aim: To determine the prevalence and diameter of the maxillary end osseous canal which carries the anastomosis of the infra alveolar artery (a branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery) and the infra- orbital artery. Material and methods: Data was analyzed from one hundred archived cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The presence of the end osseous anastomosis in the lateral sinus wall was identified by utilizing axial views. The vessel diameter was also measured in those images where the canal was identified. Results: The maxillary bony canal was identified in 49 (49%) of 100 maxillary sinus.14 (14%) presented on the right hand side, 10 (10%) presented on the left hand side, 25 (25%) had a bilateral presence with a remaining 51 (51%) which cannot be identified on the imaging. From the 49 canals that were identified, 5 canals had a diameter that was 2-3mm wide,19 canals had a diameter that was 1-2mm wide and the remaining 25 had a diameter that was less than 1mm. Conclusion: A sound knowledge of the maxillary sinus vascularity is essential as severe bleeding can occur due to damage of the intra-osseous branch during sinus augmentation procedures. CBCT analysis is required as a pre-requisite for the pre-planning stages during implant treatment to prevent complications such as haemorrhage, sinus perforations or associated vascular anomalies that may arise

The morphological diversity of the external and internal surfaces of the petrosal bone, which contains the structures of the inner ear, across a broad range of therian mammals is documented, and patterns of variation across taxa are identified. One pattern of variation is the result of ontogenetic changes in the ear region, as described for the external surface morphology of a sample of isolated petrosal bones referred to Proboscidea from Pleistocene deposits in central Texas. The morphology of the aquaeductus Fallopii for passage of the greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve supports an ontogenetic explanation for some variation within the proboscidean sample, and a sequence of ossification surrounding the aquaeductus Fallopii is hypothesized. Further ontogenetic patterns are investigated using digital endocasts of the bony labyrinth (preserved on the internal surfaces of the petrosal) constructed from CT data across a growth series of the opossum Monodelphis domestica. Strong correlation between skull length and age is found, but from 27 days after birth onward, there is no correlation with age among most dimensions of the inner ear. Adult dimensions of several of the inner ear structures are achieved before the inner ear is functional in M. domestica. Morphological variation within the inner ear of several eutherian mammals from the Cretaceous of Asia, including zhelestids from the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan, is described. The variation within the fossil sample is compared to that observed within extant species of placental mammals, and it is determined that the amount of variation within the Bissekty zhelestid population is within the range of that measured for extant species. Additional evolutionary and physiological patterns preserved within the walls of the bony labyrinth are identified through a high level anatomical comparison of the inner ear cavities across Placentalia as a whole. In particular, features of the inner ear support monophyly of Cetacea, Carnivora, Primatomorpha, and caviomorph Rodentia. The volumetric percentage of the vestibular apparatus (vestibule plus semicircular canals) of aquatic mammals is smaller than that calculated for terrestrial relatives of comparable body size. Thus, aspects of the bony labyrinth are both phylogenetically and physiologically informative. / text

L'étude des caractères basicrâniens et endocraniens chez les vertébrés fossiles et actuels connait un regain d'intérêt depuis quelques années. Ces caractères bénéficient en effet d'une bonne réputation en tant que marqueurs phylogénétiques, ainsi que d'un biais taphonomique favorable à leur fossilisation. C'est pourquoi dans ce volume, la région auditive et l'oreille interne (Partie I) et l'endocrâne (Partie II) de mammifères fossiles appartenant au clade des Afrotheria ont été scannés par (micro)tomographie à rayon-X, décrits, étudiés et comparés à ceux des espèces actuelles. Il s'agit plus précisément des Afrotheria fossiles que sont les Bibymalagasia (Chapitre 1), le Macroscelididae Chambius (Chapitre 2), de nombreux Hyracoidea du Paléogène (Chapitre 3) ainsi que des Tethytheria basaux tels que le proboscidien Numidotherium, l'embrithopode Arsinoitherium et le sirénien Prorastomus (Chapitre 4). Cette étude met en lumière l'intéressant signal phylogénétique fournit par les caractères de la région auditive et de l'endocrâne, capable de soutenir certains clades moléculaires (e.g. Afroinsectivora, ‘Panelephantulus'). Elle montre aussi comment, sous certaines pressions de sélection, ces caractères peuvent converger de façon remarquable (e.g. chez les téthythères). Cette étude apporte aussi des éléments qui appuient l'hypothèse d'une origine Africaine des Afrotheria, ainsi que celle faisant de l'ancêtre commun des afrothères un mammifère plutôt ‘ongulé' que ‘insectivore'. Ces inférences fondées sur l'observation des représentants fossiles les plus anciens de ce groupe sont importants pour notre compréhension de l'origine et de la diversification des afrothères et des mammifères placentaires en général. / The study of basicranial and endocranial characters in vertebrate paleontology has recently known a regain of interest. Indeed, these characters are renowed for their phylogenetic stability and are usually easily preserved in the fossil record. Here, the auditory region (Part I) and endocranium (Part II) of some fossil representatives of the mammalian order Afrotheria have been scanned using X-ray (micro)tomography, described and compared to their modern day's counterparts. These fossil afrotheres are the Bibymalagasia (Chapter 1), the stem sengi Chambius (Chapter 2), numerous Hyracoidea (Chapter 3) and stem Tethytheria such as the proboscideans Numidotherium, the embrithopod Arsinoitherium and the sirenian Prorastomus (Chapter 4). This study highlights the strong phylogenetic signal carried by the characters of the auditory region and endocast, which could even support some molecular clades (e.g. Afroinsectivora, ‘Panelephantulus'). It also shows that convergences can occur under certain selective pressure (e.g. in Tethytheria). Finally this study brings new clues that support the hypothesis of an African origin of Afrotheria as well as that of an ‘ungulate-like' instead of ‘insectivore-like' ancestor. These inferences based on the observation of the oldest and basal-most fossil representatives of this group are crucial to understand the origin, evolution and diversification of afrotherian and placental mammals across the Cenozoic.

A otimização do nível máximo de massa óssea alcançada durante a maturação esquelética pode reduzir o risco de fraturas ósseas e a incidência de osteoporose na vida adulta. Sabe-se que uma ingesta nutricional adequada desempenha um papel importante na maximização da aquisição esquelética. Por outro lado, a desnutrição e a má qualidade óssea são duas condições relacionadas, bem documentadas na literatura. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos da restrição alimentar na consolidação de fraturas ósseas. Desta forma, objetivamos avaliar a influência da restrição alimentar na reparação da fratura e na qualidade do calo ósseo. Foram utilizados 68 ratos machos Wistar, com massa corporal inicial de 70 gramas, divididos em dois grupos experimentais: (1) CON: ratos controle submetidos à fratura óssea e; (2) RA: ratos submetidos à restrição alimentar e fratura óssea. Cada grupo experimental foi subdividido em dois, totalizando quatro subgrupos. Os subgrupos se diferenciaram de acordo como período de observação pós-fratura; 14 e 28 dias, correspondentes às fases de calo mole e calo duro, respectivamente. Durante o experimento, os animais permaneceram em gaiola individual, a restrição alimentar foi de 50% em relação à ingesta dos controles, realizada por seis semanas a partir do desmame (três semanas de vida). A fratura foi realizada na diáfise femoral pelo método fechado e fixada com implante intramedular. Ao término do período experimental, os ossos foram submetidos às análises macroscópica, microtomográfica (avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da microarquitetura do calo ósseo), densitométrica (DXA), histomorfométrica (quantificação de tecido neoformado e colágeno), de expressão gênica e resistência mecânica. O nível de significância estatística foi de 5%. A restrição alimentar diminuiu significativamente a massa corporal dos animais, os parâmetros macroscópicos dos fêmures e ocasionou várias alterações fenotípicas no calo ósseo (atraso na proliferação e diferenciação celular, menor deposição de colágeno e osso neoformado, redução na área e densidade do calo, diminuição do volume tridimensional, deterioração da microestrutura, menor resistência ao esforço mecânico de torção), além de reduzir a expressão gênica relacionada à osteoblastogênese (Runx2 e Col1a1). Concluiu-se que a restrição alimentar afetou negativamente a consolidação óssea, com atraso na formação do calo ósseo pósfratura e calo de pior qualidade. / Optimizing the peak level of bone mass achieved during skeletal maturation may reduce bone fracture risk and osteoporosis incidence later in life. An adequate nutritional intake is known to play an important role at maximizing the skeletal acquisition. On the other hand, undernutrition and poor bone quality are two related conditions well documented in literature. However, little is known about the effects of food restriction on bone fracture healing. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of food restriction on fracture healing and bone callus quality. A total of 68 male Wistar rats weighing 70g were randomly assigned into two groups: (1) CON: Control rats sustaining a bone fracture and; (2) RA: food restricted rats with bone fracture. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, according to the post-operative follow-up period: 14 and 28 days, which represent soft and hard callus formation, respectively. All rats were individually housed during the course of experiment. After weaning, food restricted rats were fed 50% of the ad libitum food intake. Forty-two days after food restriction, animals underwent bone fracture at the right mid-femur by the closed method, followed by surgical stabilization of bone fragments. On days 14 and 28 post-fracture, the rats were euthanized and the fractured femurs were dissected, weighed, measured and analyzed by micro-computed tomography (qualitative and quantitative analysis of bone callus michoarchitecture), densitometry (DXA), histomorphometry (quantity of newly formed bone and collagen deposition), gene expression assessment and mechanical test. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Food restriction decreased body mass gain, morphological measurements and resulted in several phenotypic changes at the bone callus (a delay in cell proliferation and differentiation; lower rate of newly formed bone and collagen deposition; reductions in bone callus density and size; decrease in tridimensional callus volume, deterioration in bone callus microstructure and reduction in callus strength), together with the downregulated expression of osteoblast-related genes (i.e. Runx2, Col1a1). We concluded that food restriction had detrimental effects on osseous healing, with a delay in bone callus formation and lower quality.

Les pseudosuchiens représentent l'ensemble de la lignée des crocodiliens qui s'est différentiée de celle des dinosaures à partir du Trias inférieur (il y en a environ 250 Ma). A l'origine probablement endothermes et terrestres, les pseudosuchiens sont par la suite devenus ectothermes et certains d'entre eux sont retournés vers un mode de vie semi-aquatique lors de la transition Trias-Jurassique (200 Ma): les néosuchiens (formes encore représentées dans le nature actuelle) et les téléosauridés (disparus depuis le Crétacé). À l'image de certains taxons fossiles comme les " stégocéphales ", les pseudosuchiens présentent une ornementation composée de cupules et de sillons à la surface des os dermiques (toit crânien, mandibules et ostéodermes) qui a la particularité de se former par résorption osseuse au sein de ce groupe. L'étude d'os fossilisés et d'os sec par des techniques d'imagerie 3D combinées à des analyses phylogénétiques basées sur des caractères quantitatifs a montré que les formes amphibies présentent un développement accrue de l'ornementation. Par la suite, nos analyses histologiques à partir de prélèvements sur des crocodiliens vivants ont montré que ces cupules hébergent des bouquets vasculaires qui seraient possiblement impliqués dans les échanges de chaleurs en phase émergée et semi-émergée ainsi que dans le tampon, de l'acidité sanguine pendant les phases émergées (en apnée). Concernant les possible implications biomécaniques de l’ornementation, les analyses en éléments finis que nous avons effectuées à partir d’ostéodermes scannés en 3D ont montré que la présence d’ornementation n’avait pas d’influence ni sur la résistance mécanique des ostéodermes ni sur leur capacité à conduire la chaleur. Par conséquent, le rôle fonctionnel de l’ornementation serait strictement d’ordre physiologique en lien avec la mise en place d’un réseau sanguin péri-osseux qui faciliterait à la fois les transferts de chaleur entre l’organisme et l’environnement en phase d’exposition et le stockage du lactate dans les os dermiques en phase d’apnée. De plus, la mise en place de l’ornementation pourrait permettre le maintien de l’équilibre homéostatique phospho-calcique via la succession de résorption superficielle et de dépôt secondaires en périphérie des os dermiques suivant la trajectoire ontogénétique de chaque individu (phase de ponte, jeun prolongé...). / Pseudosuchia is the crocodylian lineage which split up with the dinosaurs since the Early- Triassic (around 250 million years ago). At first probably endothermic and terrestrial, pseudosuchians became secondarily ectothermic and some of them returned to a semi-aquatic lifestyle at the Triassic-Jurassic transition (200 Ma): the neosuchians (still present in current nature) and the teleosaurids (disappeared since the Cretaceous). Like some extinct vertebrate groups (« the stegocephalians »), the pseudosuchians possess a dermal bone ornamentation made of pits and grooves on the skull roof, the mandibles and the osteoderms but with the particularity to be excavated by resorption. The study of both fossil and dry bones combining 3D-data monitoring and quantitative data-based phylogenetic comparative analyses evidenced that the semi-aquatic forms possess a more excavated bone ornamentation. Further, histological analyses based on living animal sampling have revealed that the ornamentation pits always house a vessel proliferation which may be involved in heat exchanges during emerged and semi-emerged periods as well as acidosis buffering during submerged periods (apnea). Concerning the biomechanical and thermal implications, the finite element analyses performed on 3D-modeled osteoderms have proved that the bone ornamentation does not modify the osteoderm heat conduction nor their mechanical resistance. Consequently, we assess that the functional role of bone ornamentation shall mainly concern physiological implications through the set-up of a blood vessel network on the bone periphery (heat transfers, blood acidosis buffering; as hypothesized by previous authors). Secondarily, bone ornamentation may also be involved in phosphor-calcic homeostasis based on the succession of pit resorption and secondary superficial bone deposit in response to the specimens. life-long changes (eggshelling, diets.).

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The Ibandronate sodium is a drug used for clinical treatment of osteoporosis and for anti-catabolic action and cause osteoclast apoptosis, an important cell responsible for bone remodeling, it was hypothesized an effect on fractures in the consolidation phase of callus remodeling.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ibandronate sodium in the fracture of femurs of rats subjected to intramedullary fixation. This study used 48 adult male rats, Wistar, with the average weight of 336.63 g. All animals underwent surgery for intramedullary osteosynthesis of the right femur and subsequently performed a standardized fracture. They were divided into two groups: the ibandronate, which was administered a single dose of 15mg/kg by gavage and the control group was administered a single dose of 1.0 ml of 0.9% saline by gavage also on the same day of the procedure surgery. At 7, 14, 28 and 42 days postoperatively six animals from each group were euthanized and the femurs were subjected to X-ray study to analyze the optical density and area of callus and histological study, using samples stained with picrosirius red and analyzed under polarized light, to quantify the density of collagen type I and type III in the cortical region near the fracture and callus. The radiographs showed that the area of the callus showed no statistically significant differences between groups control and ibandronate, but in the intragroup analysis 28 and 42, the callus was significantly higher on day 7 in both groups. The optical density of intergroup evaluation showed that ibandronate group at day 42, showed a higher density than the control group. In the study of collagen in the callus, the density of type I collagen seen in the ibandronate group was higher than that observed in the control group on days 7 and 14, since the density of type III collagen found in the ibandronate group was lower than in the 7 days Control group. In the study of collagen in the cortex, collagen type I in the ibandronate group was significantly greater on day 7 than the control group and type III collagen in the ibandronate group was lower than the Control group. The results are consistent enough to say that this drug has an effect on bone fracture healing by increasing the density of type I collagen in the early stages of consolidation. / O Ibandronato de sÃdio à um medicamento utilizado para o tratamento clÃnico da osteoporose e por ter aÃÃo anticatabÃlica e causar apoptose no osteoclasto, uma importante cÃlula responsÃvel pela remodelaÃÃo Ãssea, foi hipotetizado um efeito na consolidaÃÃo fraturas na fase de remodelaÃÃo do calo Ãsseo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ibandronato de sÃdio na consolidaÃÃo das fraturas de fÃmures de ratos submetidos à osteossÃntese intramedular. Neste estudo foram utilizados 48 ratos machos, adultos, da linhagem Wistar, com o peso mÃdio de 336,63g. Todos os animais foram submetidos a procedimento cirÃrgico para osteossÃntese intramedular do fÃmur direito e posteriormente realizado uma fratura padronizada. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos: o grupo Ibandronato, em que foi administrada dose Ãnica de 15mg/Kg por gavagem e o grupo controle foi administrado dose Ãnica de 1,0ml de soluÃÃo fisiolÃgica 0,9% tambÃm por gavagem, no mesmo dia do procedimento cirÃrgico. No 7Â, 14Â, 28 e 42 dia de pÃs-operatÃrio seis animais de cada grupo eram eutanasiados e os fÃmures foram submetidos a estudo radiogrÃfico para analisar a densidade Ãptica e Ãrea do calo Ãsseo e estudo histolÃgico, utilizando amostras coradas com picrosirius red e analisadas sob a luz polarizada, para quantificar a densidade de colÃgeno tipo I e tipo III na regiÃo cortical prÃxima a fratura e no calo Ãsseo. A anÃlise das radiografias mostrou que a Ãrea do calo Ãsseo nÃo apresentava diferenÃas estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos Controle e Ibandronato, mas que na anÃlise intragrupo os dias 28 e 42 o calo era significantemente maior que no dia 7, em ambos os grupos. A densidade Ãptica na avaliaÃÃo intergrupos mostrou que o grupo Ibandronato, no 42 dia, apresentava uma maior densidade que o grupo controle. No estudo do colÃgeno no calo Ãsseo, a densidade do colÃgeno tipo I verificada no grupo Ibandronato foi maior que a observada no grupo Controle nos dias 7 e 14, jà a densidade de colÃgeno tipo III verificada no grupo Ibandronato foi menor no dia 7 que no grupo Controle. No estudo do colÃgeno da cortical prÃxima ao foco de fratura, o colÃgeno tipo I no grupo Ibandronato foi significantemente maior no dia 7 que o grupo controle e o colÃgeno tipo III no grupo Ibandronato foi menor que o grupo Controle. Os resultados encontrados sÃo consistentes o suficiente para afirmar que este fÃrmaco exerce efeito na consolidaÃÃo de fraturas Ãsseas aumentando a densidade do colÃgeno tipo I nas fases iniciais da consolidaÃÃo. / O Ibandronato de sÃdio à um medicamento utilizado para o tratamento clÃnico da osteoporose e por ter aÃÃo anticatabÃlica e causar apoptose no osteoclasto, uma importante cÃlula responsÃvel pela remodelaÃÃo Ãssea, foi hipotetizado um efeito na consolidaÃÃo fraturas na fase de remodelaÃÃo do calo Ãsseo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ibandronato de sÃdio na consolidaÃÃo das fraturas de fÃmures de ratos submetidos à osteossÃntese intramedular. Neste estudo foram utilizados 48 ratos machos, adultos, da linhagem Wistar, com o peso mÃdio de 336,63g. Todos os animais foram submetidos a procedimento cirÃrgico para osteossÃntese intramedular do fÃmur direito e posteriormente realizado uma fratura padronizada. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos: o grupo Ibandronato, em que foi administrada dose Ãnica de 15mg/Kg por gavagem e o grupo controle foi administrado dose Ãnica de 1,0ml de soluÃÃo fisiolÃgica 0,9% tambÃm por gavagem, no mesmo dia do procedimento cirÃrgico. No 7Â, 14Â, 28 e 42 dia de pÃs-operatÃrio seis animais de cada grupo eram eutanasiados e os fÃmures foram submetidos a estudo radiogrÃfico para analisar a densidade Ãptica e Ãrea do calo Ãsseo e estudo histolÃgico, utilizando amostras coradas com picrosirius red e analisadas sob a luz polarizada, para quantificar a densidade de colÃgeno tipo I e tipo III na regiÃo cortical prÃxima a fratura e no calo Ãsseo. A anÃlise das radiografias mostrou que a Ãrea do calo Ãsseo nÃo apresentava diferenÃas estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos Controle e Ibandronato, mas que na anÃlise intragrupo os dias 28 e 42 o calo era significantemente maior que no dia 7, em ambos os grupos. A densidade Ãptica na avaliaÃÃo intergrupos mostrou que o grupo Ibandronato, no 42 dia, apresentava uma maior densidade que o grupo controle. No estudo do colÃgeno no calo Ãsseo, a densidade do colÃgeno tipo I verificada no grupo Ibandronato foi maior que a observada no grupo Controle nos dias 7 e 14, jà a densidade de colÃgeno tipo III verificada no grupo Ibandronato foi menor no dia 7 que no grupo Controle. No estudo do colÃgeno da cortical prÃxima ao foco de fratura, o colÃgeno tipo I no grupo Ibandronato foi significantemente maior no dia 7 que o grupo controle e o colÃgeno tipo III no grupo Ibandronato foi menor que o grupo Controle. Os resultados encontrados sÃo consistentes o suficiente para afirmar que este fÃrmaco exerce efeito na consolidaÃÃo de fraturas Ãsseas aumentando a densidade do colÃgeno tipo I nas fases iniciais da consolidaÃÃo. / The Ibandronate sodium is a drug used for clinical treatment of osteoporosis and for anti-catabolic action and cause osteoclast apoptosis, an important cell responsible for bone remodeling, it was hypothesized an effect on fractures in the consolidation phase of callus remodeling.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ibandronate sodium in the fracture of femurs of rats subjected to intramedullary fixation. This study used 48 adult male rats, Wistar, with the average weight of 336.63 g. All animals underwent surgery for intramedullary osteosynthesis of the right femur and subsequently performed a standardized fracture. They were divided into two groups: the ibandronate, which was administered a single dose of 15mg/kg by gavage and the control group was administered a single dose of 1.0 ml of 0.9% saline by gavage also on the same day of the procedure surgery. At 7, 14, 28 and 42 days postoperatively six animals from each group were euthanized and the femurs were subjected to X-ray study to analyze the optical density and area of callus and histological study, using samples stained with picrosirius red and analyzed under polarized light, to quantify the density of collagen type I and type III in the cortical region near the fracture and callus. The radiographs showed that the area of the callus showed no statistically significant differences between groups control and ibandronate, but in the intragroup analysis 28 and 42, the callus was significantly higher on day 7 in both groups. The optical density of intergroup evaluation showed that ibandronate group at day 42, showed a higher density than the control group. In the study of collagen in the callus, the density of type I collagen seen in the ibandronate group was higher than that observed in the control group on days 7 and 14, since the density of type III collagen found in the ibandronate group was lower than in the 7 days Control group. In the study of collagen in the cortex, collagen type I in the ibandronate group was significantly greater on day 7 than the control group and type III collagen in the ibandronate group was lower than the Control group. The results are consistent enough to say that this drug has an effect on bone fracture healing by increasing the density of type I collagen in the early stages of consolidation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3166.pdf: 902639 bytes, checksum: ea05b6d6e2b4c76c819c3abd8b7bd595 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-08 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Neste trabalho, estudamos o resultado de boa-colocação para a equação da onda cúbica u +uR3 = 0 em R3, devido a H. Bahouri e J.-Y. Chemin, no qual os dados de Cauchy estão no espaço de Sobolev homogêneo H3/4 (R3) H-1/4 (R3). A prova utiliza um método de interpolação não-linear, decomposição de Bony e desigualdade logarítmica de Strichartz, todas formuladas na Teoria de Littlewood-Paley.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal à otimização do processo de leitura de idade óssea. Os diversos métodos existentes consistem na análise da maturidade esquelética, baseada nos detalhes dos ossos da mão e do punho. O método mais eficaz é o proposto por Tanner&Whitehouse TW, o qual, gera resultados cerca de cinco vezes mais precisos que o método utilizado freqüentemente, devido à simplicidade dos processos de leitura, proposto por Grelish&Pyle GP. Entretanto, o método TW não é utilizado atualmente no Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto HCFMRP, pois apresenta alto grau de complexidade. Assim, um programa computacional foi desenvolvido para auxiliar nos processos exigidos, com o intuito de viabilizar a implementação do referido método para promover as leituras de idade óssea do HCFMRP. Com esse objetivo, foi desenvolvido um sistema óptico-digitalizador de imagens radiográficas. Assim sendo, utilizando o sistema as imagens são capturadas pelo computador diretamente do negatoscópio, o qual permite realizar ajustes nas imagens adquiridas. A qualidade das imagens radiográficas de extremidades é de fundamental importância. Associada à redução da dose de radiação exposta, principalmente, por se tratar de pacientes jovens, os quais, são mais vulneráveis aos efeitos nocivos causados pela radiação ionizante. Entretanto, há necessidade de se garantir a qualidade na produção de imagens em equipamentos de raios-X, assim como, otimizar a técnica radiográfica visando evitar erros nos diagnósticos devido à formação de imagens de má qualidade. Contudo, a determinação da idade óssea de um paciente é de grande importância para alguns diagnósticos, principalmente em pediatria. As imagens produzidas têm mostrado uma melhoria sensível em sua qualidade, permitindo a visibilização de maiores detalhes, incorporadas a uma diminuição significativa na dose de exposição, ao redor de 20%. O custo sistema de digitalização de imagens utilizado neste trabalho é aproximadamente cinco vezes menor que existente no HCFMRP, mantendo a qualidade das imagens. A automatização dos processos, pelo programa computacional, dinamiza o método TW, bem como, não interfere no valor da idade óssea lida. Conseqüentemente, produz maior rapidez e segurança em diagnósticos com base na leitura de idade óssea, pois 19% das leituras comparadas apresentam erros que comprometem este tipo de informação para o diagnóstico. / The present work has as main objective to the otimization of the process of reading of bony age. The several existent methods consist of the analysis of the skeletal maturity, based on the details of the bones of the hand and of the fist. The most effective method is it proposed by Tanner&Whitehouse TW, which, it generates results about more precise five times than the method frequently used, due to the simplicity of the reading processes, proposed by Grelish&Pyle GP. However, the method TW is not used now in the Hospital of the Clinics of Ribeirão Preto HCRP, because it presents high complexity degree. Thus, a software was developed to aid in the demanded processes, seeking to implement of the referred method to promote the readings of bony age of HCRP. With that I objectify, a system was developed optical-digitizer of X-ray film images. Like this being, using the system the images is captured directly by the computer of the negatoscopy, which allows accomplishing fittings in the acquired images. The quality of the X-ray film images of extremities is of fundamental importance. Associated to the reduction of the exposed dose radiation, mainly, for being of young patients, the ones that, they are more vulnerable to the sick caused by the radiation. However, there is need to guarantee the quality in the production of images in equipments of ray-X, following the approaches demanded by the competent organs, as well as, to standardize the image technical seeking to avoid possible mistakes in the diagnoses due to images of bad quality. Thus, the determination of the bony age of a patient one is of great importance for some diagnoses, mainly in pediatrics. The produced images have been showing a sensitive improvement in its quality, allowing see more details, incorporated to a significant decrease in the exhibition dose, around 20%. The cost of digitizer equipment is five times cheaper than the utilized in HCRP, keeping the same quality of images. The automation of the processes, of way software, becomes the method TW most dynamic, interfere less in the results of reading of bone age. Consequently, it produces larger fast and safety in diagnoses with base in the reading of bony age, because 19% of the reads shows errors.