Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Drinking despite aversive consequences, or compulsive drinking, is a criterion of alcohol use disorder and can be modeled in rodents by adding bitter quinine into alcohol. Previous studies have shown the development of quinine-resistant ethanol (EtOH) drinking following a drinking history, but used animals that achieved relatively low blood alcohol levels. Selectively bred crossed High Alcohol Preferring (cHAP) mice average over 250 mg/dl during a two-bottle choice procedure. Compulsive drinking is hypothesized to be D1-receptor mediated via the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). We hypothesized that 2 weeks of free-choice EtOH would lead to quinine resistance and intra-DLS infusion of a D1-antagonist, SCH23390, would attenuate quinine-resistant alcohol drinking with no effect on non-conflicted EtOH drinking. Infusion of SCH23390 into the DMS would not affect quinine-resistant drinking. cHAP mice had guide cannulae placed in the DLS or DMS and had either two weeks (2W) of EtOH and water two-bottle choice or were EtOH naïve (0W). Mice were infused with either SCH23390 or saline immediately prior to one 10% EtOH and water test day and SCH23390 did not disturb alcohol drinking. The following day, we adulterated the EtOH with 0.32-g/L quinine (0.89 mM), and mice received the same microinjection. For animals cannulated in the DLS, 2W history group infused with saline drank more quinine-adulterated EtOH than the 0W saline mice. While SCH23390 infused 0W animals looked no different from saline treated mice, it attenuated quinine + EtOH intake in the 2W animals to the level of 0W animals. Interestingly, DMS-cannulated mice demonstrated similar behavior, with SCH23390 reducing EtOH + quinine consumption, while leaving EtOH consumption undisturbed. Quinine resistance following 2 weeks of free-choice EtOH consumption is attenuated by acute administration of a D1-antagonist in the DLS, suggesting that an alcohol history induces compulsivity and that dopamine contributes to this behavior. This is unique to compulsive drinking, as non-conflicted EtOH drinking was unaffected.

Under studier på universitetsnivå läggs grunden till studenternas framtida yrkesidentitet. Då universitetsutbildningar i Sverige ser olika ut finns risken att studenterna tillgodogör sig olika mycket yrkesidentitet under sin studietid och på grund av detta är olika väl förberedda för yrkeslivet när de tar examen. Med en kvantitativ ansats syftar denna studie till att undersöka förekomsten av yrkesidentitet hos studenter vid olika typer av akademiska utbildningar i Sverige, för att se vilka bestämningsfaktorer yrkesidentiteten har. Studien behandlar identitetsbegreppet med den symboliska interaktionismen som teoretisk referensram och har med utgångspunkt i denna samlat in data genom enkäter. Analysen genomfördes med multipel regressionsanalys. Två bestämningsfaktorer för yrkesidentiteten har påvisats: typ av utbildning samt engagemang i den framtida yrkesrollen. Studenter som läser breda akademiska utbildningar har starkare yrkesidentitet än studenter som läser yrkesinriktade akademiska utbildningar. Resultaten visar även ett positivt samband mellan engagemang i den framtida yrkesrollen och yrkesidentiteten.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Visou avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de cabras mestiÃas e cabras SPRD para produÃÃo de carne acasaladas durante o perÃodo chuvoso no estado do CearÃ. Foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Vale do CurÃ, localizada no municÃpio de Pentecostes utilizando 24 cabras mestiÃas  Anglo nubiano x SPRD, 37 mestiÃas  Boer x SPRD e 37 matrizes SPRD, com o perÃodo de acasalamento durante os meses de abril e maio do ano de 2006 e duraÃÃo de 42 dias. Os parÃmetros avaliados foram freqÃÃncia de estro, taxa de pariÃÃo, duraÃÃo da gestaÃÃo, prolificidade, tipo de parto, taxa de desmame, mortalidade das crias, peso das matrizes no inÃcio e final da estaÃÃo de acasalamento e ao parto e efeito do sexo e genÃtipo sobre o peso das crias ao nascimento, aos 40 dias e ao desmame, que foi realizado aos 90 dias. As anÃlises de variÃncia foram feitas com base no mÃtodo dos quadrados mÃnimos e os testes de comparaÃÃo de mÃdias pelo teste Tukey, a 5 % de probabilidade. Houve aumento dos pesos das matrizes durante a estaÃÃo de monta. O grupo genÃtico Boer x SPRD apresentou, em mÃdia, estro mais tardiamente que os outros grupos, mas no andamento do perÃodo de monta houve similaridades entre os grupos. As crias oriundas de cruzamentos com reprodutores de raÃas exÃticas apresentaram-se mais pesadas que os animais SPRD. Da mesma forma, as crias do sexo masculino apresentou-se mais pesada que o sexo feminino. Nos outros parÃmetros houve uma ligeira equivalÃncia de resultados entre os trÃs grupos. Desta forma, as matrizes mestiÃas apresentaram desempenho similar e nÃo foram superiores Ãs cabras SPRD e a introduÃÃo de genes exÃticos para produÃÃo de carne incrementou o peso das crias desde o nascimento atà o desmame. / Aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of cross bred and SPRD goats for meat production, mated during raining season in state of CearÃ. It was performed on Vale do Curà Experimental Farm, sitted on Pentecostes using 24 cross bred goats  Anglo nubian x SPRD, 37cross breds  Boer x SPRD and 37 goats SPRD, with the breeding season happening in 2006, april and may, and lasting 42 days. The evaluated parameters were estrus frequency, birth rate, duration of pregnancy, prolificity, type of birth, weaning rate, mortality of kids, wheight of goats at beggining and ending of mating season and at birth, and gender and genotype efect over wheight at birth, at 40 days and weaning, that was performed at 90 days of age. The data were analized using q-quadratic test and means comparasion tests, under Tukey test at 5 % of probability. There were a increase of goats wheights during mating season. The genetic group  Boer x SPRD showed, by mean, estrus latter than others groups, but became similars on the rest of period. The kids deriving from cross with exotic breed bucks showed heavier than that deriving from SPRD bucks cross. Equally, male kids were heavier than female kids. On the others parameters there were an equivalency between groups. This way, the cross breds goats showed similars performances and were not better than SPRD goats, and the introduction of exotic gens for meat production improved the weight of kids from birth until weaning.

FERNANDES FILHO, José Ivan Caetano. Desempenho reprodutivo de diferentes genótipos de caprinos para a produção de carne submetidos a estação de acasalamento durante a época chuvosa no Estado do Ceará. 2007. 47 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2007 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T14:14:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_jicfernandesfilho.pdf: 302644 bytes, checksum: d2b5d9e0eded871af76c2c02ccadc83f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T14:14:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_jicfernandesfilho.pdf: 302644 bytes, checksum: d2b5d9e0eded871af76c2c02ccadc83f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T14:14:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_jicfernandesfilho.pdf: 302644 bytes, checksum: d2b5d9e0eded871af76c2c02ccadc83f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of cross bred and SPRD goats for meat production, mated during raining season in state of Ceará. It was performed on Vale do Curú Experimental Farm, sitted on Pentecostes using 24 cross bred goats ½ Anglo nubian x SPRD, 37cross breds ½ Boer x SPRD and 37 goats SPRD, with the breeding season happening in 2006, april and may, and lasting 42 days. The evaluated parameters were estrus frequency, birth rate, duration of pregnancy, prolificity, type of birth, weaning rate, mortality of kids, wheight of goats at beggining and ending of mating season and at birth, and gender and genotype efect over wheight at birth, at 40 days and weaning, that was performed at 90 days of age. The data were analized using q-quadratic test and means comparasion tests, under Tukey test at 5 % of probability. There were a increase of goats wheights during mating season. The genetic group ½ Boer x SPRD showed, by mean, estrus latter than others groups, but became similars on the rest of period. The kids deriving from cross with exotic breed bucks showed heavier than that deriving from SPRD bucks cross. Equally, male kids were heavier than female kids. On the others parameters there were an equivalency between groups. This way, the cross breds goats showed similars performances and were not better than SPRD goats, and the introduction of exotic gens for meat production improved the weight of kids from birth until weaning. / Visou avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de cabras mestiças e cabras SPRD para produção de carne acasaladas durante o período chuvoso no estado do Ceará. Foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curú, localizada no município de Pentecostes utilizando 24 cabras mestiças ½ Anglo nubiano x SPRD, 37 mestiças ½ Boer x SPRD e 37 matrizes SPRD, com o período de acasalamento durante os meses de abril e maio do ano de 2006 e duração de 42 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram freqüência de estro, taxa de parição, duração da gestação, prolificidade, tipo de parto, taxa de desmame, mortalidade das crias, peso das matrizes no início e final da estação de acasalamento e ao parto e efeito do sexo e genótipo sobre o peso das crias ao nascimento, aos 40 dias e ao desmame, que foi realizado aos 90 dias. As análises de variância foram feitas com base no método dos quadrados mínimos e os testes de comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey, a 5 % de probabilidade. Houve aumento dos pesos das matrizes durante a estação de monta. O grupo genético Boer x SPRD apresentou, em média, estro mais tardiamente que os outros grupos, mas no andamento do período de monta houve similaridades entre os grupos. As crias oriundas de cruzamentos com reprodutores de raças exóticas apresentaram-se mais pesadas que os animais SPRD. Da mesma forma, as crias do sexo masculino apresentou-se mais pesada que o sexo feminino. Nos outros parâmetros houve uma ligeira equivalência de resultados entre os três grupos. Desta forma, as matrizes mestiças apresentaram desempenho similar e não foram superiores às cabras SPRD e a introdução de genes exóticos para produção de carne incrementou o peso das crias desde o nascimento até o desmame.

Infusion of a dopamine D1-receptor antagonist into both the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum interfered with quinine-resistant alcohol drinking, but not unadulterated alcohol consumption. Dopamine in these two brain regions play a role in compulsive-like alcohol consumption.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Deficits in impulse control and decision-making have been implicated in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Individuals with AUD often make disadvantageous choices under conditions of probabilistic risk. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is often used to measure risky decision-making, in which impaired individuals tend to favor large, infrequent rewards even when punished for these choices, rather than smaller, safer, and more advantageous rewards. It remains poorly understood if these deficits are behaviors under genetic control and if ethanol intoxication may alter decision-making. High and Low Alcohol Preferring (HAP3 and LAP3, respectively) mice were trained on a novel gambling task to investigate these possible influences. In Experiment 1, HAP3s and LAP3s responded for a 0.1% saccharin solution, choosing between a risky and a safe option. Importantly, choosing the risky option was meant to be ultimately disadvantageous. In Experiment 2, these same HAP3 mice responded for saccharin or saccharin plus 10% ethanol. Contrary to hypothesis, LAP3s preferred the risky option more than HAP3s. Alcohol increased preference for the risky lever, but only in male mice. HAP3 preference for the safe lever may be explained by higher motivation to obtain sweet rewards, or higher overall avidity for responding. Ethanol-induced changes in male risk behavior may be explained by higher androgen levels, but further investigation is required. Similarly, continued research is necessary to optimize a risky decision-making task for both lines, and thus investigate possible genetic differences in risk acceptance that correlate with differences in alcohol intake.

Skolverkets riktlinjer fastslår att lärare bör involveras i det breda och långsiktiga arbetet med vägledning i grundskolan. Skolinspektionens granskning från 2013 visar dock att i realiteten läggs ansvaret nästan uteslutande på studie- och yrkesvägledaren, involvering från resterande skolpersonal är sällsynt. Denna studie vill utöka kunskapen om lärares tankar kring studie- och yrkesvägledning. Hur ser lärare på sin egen roll i arbetet med bred vägledning? Hur ser de på samarbetet med studie- och yrkesvägledare? Vilka hinder och vilka förbättringsmöjligheter ser lärare i arbetet med bred vägledning? Sex kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med högstadielärare från olika skolor i Skåne. Resultatet av intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av begreppet bred vägledning, Hodkinson och Sparkes Careershipteori samt Bergs Frirumsmodell. Resultatet visar att de undersökta skolorna saknar ett brett och långsiktigt vägledningsarbete samt att samarbetet mellan lärarna och studie- och yrkesvägledarna är skralt. Lärarna är positivt inställda till vägledning men prioriterar andra arbetsuppgifter i första hand. De kan se positiva effekter i att förbättra den breda vägledningen och efterfrågar en strukturerad plan, dock anses ansvaret ligga hos ”någon annan”.

<p>Deficits in impulse control and decision-making have been implicated in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Individuals with AUD often make disadvantageous choices under conditions of probabilistic risk. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is often used to measure risky decision-making, in which impaired individuals tend to favor large, infrequent rewards even when punished for these choices, rather than smaller, safer, and more advantageous rewards. It remains poorly understood if these deficits are behaviors under genetic control and if ethanol intoxication may alter decision-making. High and Low Alcohol Preferring (HAP3 and LAP3, respectively) mice were trained on a novel gambling task to investigate these possible influences. In Experiment 1, HAP3s and LAP3s responded for a 0.1% saccharin solution, choosing between a risky and a safe option. Importantly, choosing the risky option was meant to be ultimately disadvantageous. In Experiment 2, these same HAP3 mice responded for saccharin or saccharin plus 10% ethanol. Contrary to hypothesis, LAP3s preferred the risky option more than HAP3s. Alcohol increased preference for the risky lever, but only in male mice. HAP3 preference for the safe lever may be explained by higher motivation to obtain sweet rewards, or higher overall avidity for responding. Ethanol-induced changes in male risk behavior may be explained by higher androgen levels, but further investigation is required. Similarly, continued research is necessary to optimize a risky decision-making task for both lines, and thus investigate possible genetic differences in risk acceptance that correlate with differences in alcohol intake. </p>

No description available.

Once abundant in the Texas and Louisiana coastal prairie, currently the Attwater’s Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri, APC) is close to extinction. Efforts to increase the size of the remaining populations at the Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge (APCNWR) and the Galveston Bay Prairie Preserve (GBPP) with releases of captive-reared individuals are part of the APC captive- breeding initiative. However, after a decade of yearly releases, the populations are not reaching viable sizes. I analyzed post-release survival data of individuals released at the APCNWR from 1996 to 2005. Results suggest that age at release or date of release had little influence on survival of captive-breed APC. At two weeks post-release, survival estimates (SE) were 0.76 (0.03) for females and 0.82 (0.04) for males. Approximately 50% of the females and 33% of the males died within the first 60 days post-release. Survivorship during the breeding season showed that male survival (0.36) was higher than female survival (0.23). Survivorship from the median release date to beginning of the breeding season was 52% for males and 39% for females. Mean female survival was 155 days, while median survival was 94 days. For males, mean survival was 135 days and the median was 81 days. Results from a stochastic simulation model, which was developed based on the survival analysis of APC on the APCNWR, confirmed that releasing individuals closer to the beginning of the breeding season and sex ratio at release had little effect on population growth. Regardless of the number of individuals released annually, population sizes immediately prior to the release dates were only 11–12% of the population sizes immediately after the release dates. At current mortality rates, simulated APC populations could not sustain themselves even if reproductive parameters were increased to the maximum rates reported for APC, or to the maximum rates reported for the closely related Greater prairie chicken. Based on these results, the APC may face extinction within the next decade unless conservation efforts succeed on increasing reproductive success and greatly reducing mortality rates.