This thesis is serving as a study report on 15 years or wildlife research performed at the 11,422-acre Broad Run Wildlife Research Area, also known at the Broad Run Management Area, in Craig County, Virginia, Incorporated in this thesis is a synthesis of all pertinent data, conclusions, evaluations, and recommendations emanating from the 17 theses written from studies undertaken at Broad Run. From these 17 theses there has been gleaned 193 results which are included in this thesis. These results took the form as either facts, summary conclusions, distilled background discussions, or as evaluations on information unearthed or research performed. Five works emanating from studies at Broad Run concerned attempts to quantify browse and mast. Four theses concerned the wild turkey, its movements, distribution, and abundance as influenced by wildlife management practices. Three theses concerned deer, its abundance and the influence, if any, on its population by dogs. Two theses were concerned with such wildlife practices as agricultural clearings and herbicide use, while the remaining theses were on the subjects of wild grapes, birth control in foxes, climate as an influence on the deer hunter, and the influence of forest habitat on songbird populations. / Master of Science

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer contribuições metodológicas à implementação da tecnologia PLC/BPL em seus diversos ambientes reais de instalação. São apresentados os aspectos básicos envolvidos, princípio de operação, as topologias das redes PLC, vantagens e desvantagens e exemplos de aplicação. Além disso, são apresentadas as contribuições deste trabalho, as quais visam estabelecer procedimentos no desenvolvimento dos projetos de redes de comunicação que utilizam a tecnologia PLC, assim como procedimentos de instalação nos diversos ambientes reais e os procedimentos para o comissionamento das redes implantadas. São destacados os aspectos relacionados às redes comerciais, as quais possuem inúmeros requisitos de desempenho, manutenção preventiva e/ou corretiva, além dos aspectos financeiros dos projetos e os pontos importantes para atendimento da legislação atualmente em vigor. Finalmente, para cada procedimento apresentado, o mesmo é contextualizado através da apresentação de um caso prático associado. / This work aims to provide methodological contributions to PLC/BPL implementations in their several real installation environments. It is presented the basic aspects of the technology as well as the operation principle, the networks topologies, the advantages and the disadvantages and application examples. Furthermore, it is presented the contributions of this work, which goal is to establish procedures related to projects developments of PLC communication networks, some procedures related to the installation process in their real environments and the procedures for commissioning a deployed network. It is emphasized the commercial networks aspects, which demand several performance requirements, the preventive and/or corrective maintenance, as well as the financial aspects and the main topics to comply with the current regulation. Finally, every presented procedure is exemplified with a real case in order to demonstrate its practical functionality.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer contribuições metodológicas à implementação da tecnologia PLC/BPL em seus diversos ambientes reais de instalação. São apresentados os aspectos básicos envolvidos, princípio de operação, as topologias das redes PLC, vantagens e desvantagens e exemplos de aplicação. Além disso, são apresentadas as contribuições deste trabalho, as quais visam estabelecer procedimentos no desenvolvimento dos projetos de redes de comunicação que utilizam a tecnologia PLC, assim como procedimentos de instalação nos diversos ambientes reais e os procedimentos para o comissionamento das redes implantadas. São destacados os aspectos relacionados às redes comerciais, as quais possuem inúmeros requisitos de desempenho, manutenção preventiva e/ou corretiva, além dos aspectos financeiros dos projetos e os pontos importantes para atendimento da legislação atualmente em vigor. Finalmente, para cada procedimento apresentado, o mesmo é contextualizado através da apresentação de um caso prático associado. / This work aims to provide methodological contributions to PLC/BPL implementations in their several real installation environments. It is presented the basic aspects of the technology as well as the operation principle, the networks topologies, the advantages and the disadvantages and application examples. Furthermore, it is presented the contributions of this work, which goal is to establish procedures related to projects developments of PLC communication networks, some procedures related to the installation process in their real environments and the procedures for commissioning a deployed network. It is emphasized the commercial networks aspects, which demand several performance requirements, the preventive and/or corrective maintenance, as well as the financial aspects and the main topics to comply with the current regulation. Finally, every presented procedure is exemplified with a real case in order to demonstrate its practical functionality.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-25T17:40:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gevaschaeferpereiramartins.pdf: 2682934 bytes, checksum: 33ec1a1ae839b115cb034d5d0518f377 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T13:32:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gevaschaeferpereiramartins.pdf: 2682934 bytes, checksum: 33ec1a1ae839b115cb034d5d0518f377 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T13:32:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gevaschaeferpereiramartins.pdf: 2682934 bytes, checksum: 33ec1a1ae839b115cb034d5d0518f377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-03 / As vantagens da utilização de jogos com objetivos educacionais podem ser consideradas como um consenso entre professores e alunos. No entanto, jogos sérios constituem-se objetos multimídia complexos e caros de se produzir. A natureza multidisciplinar dos jogos educacionais pressupõe o envolvimento e coordenação de uma equipe especializada. Com o objetivo de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de jogos educacionais é proposto o modelo computacional BROAD-PLG. O modelo é composto por uma arquitetura de alto nível, modelagens de domínio baseadas em características que descrevem três diferentes tipos dos jogos educacionais, e uma ferramenta de engenharia de aplicação, que permite instanciação de um arcabouço pronto para ser utilizado no desenvolvimento desses tipos de jogos. A separação de interesses divide o domínio de jogos educacionais em conjuntos de características que englobam aspectos educacionais, mecânica de jogos e elementos de gamificação. Ao final do trabalho são construídos três exemplos distintos de aplicações demonstrando esses três aspectos. Avaliando-se os exemplos pode-se concluir que o BROAD-PLG, apesar de estar na versão inicial, demonstra grande potencial para ser utilizado como uma ferramenta tanto na forma de geração de aplicações, quanto como referência na modelagem de domínio do problema. / The advantages of using games for educational purposes can be considered as a consensus among teachers and students. However, serious games constitute complex and expensive to produce multimedia objects. The multidisciplinary nature of educational games requires the involvement and coordination of a specialized team. With the objective of assisting in the development of educational games is proposed the computational model BROAD-PLG. The model consists of a high-level architecture, domain modeling based on features that describe three different faces of educational games and application engineering tool that allows instantiation of a framework ready to be used in game development. The separation of concerns splits the domain of educational games into sets of features that include educational aspects of game mechanics and gamification elements. At the end of the work three different application examples are constructed demonstrating these three aspects. In reviewing the examples it can be concluded that the broad-PLG despites being in the initial stage shows great potential to be used as a tool in generating applications as reference in modeling the problem domain.

This study investigates the cross-linguistic encoding of bad and evil expressions. Using parallel data from the Bible corpus consisting of translations of the New Testament into 30 languages, probabilistic semantic maps have been created using Multi-Dimensional scaling. Special attention has been paid to the presence of morphological and syntactic negation withinthe domain. The results show that languages either have one broader expression that is used within the entire domain, or they have at least two expressions of which one is broader, i.e. expresses a bad state, action or character flaw, and the other one narrower, i.e. is restricted to themost evil actions or characters which require a moral agent. Languages with several expressions vary largely in how broad or restricted the expressions are within the domain. Therefore, a scalar view of the domain has been proposed, rather than dividing the domain into discrete semantic categories. In the languages where negation marking was present within the domain, it only occurred in the broader expressions. / I denna studie undersöks den tvärspråkliga kodningen av uttryck med dålig och ond. Probabilistiska semantiska kartor har skapats med hjälp av Multi-Dimensional scaling genom att använda parallel data från Bibelkorpusen som består av 30 översättningar av Nya Testamentet. Förekomsten av eventuell morfologisk och syntaktisk negation inom domänen har tillägnats särskild uppmärksamhet. Resultaten visar att de flesta språken antingen har ett bredare uttryck som används inom hela domänen, eller har minst två uttryck varav ett är bredare, dvs används för dåliga tillstånd, handlingar eller karaktärsdrag, och det andra är mer begränsad, dvs används endast för de mest onda handlingar och karaktärer som kräver en moralisk agent. Språk med flera uttryck varierar mycktet i hur breda eller begränsade uttrycken är. En representation av den semantiska domänen som en skala föreslås därför, snarare än att dela uppdomänen i diskreta semantiska kategorier. I de språken där negation förekom inom domänen fanns det endast i de bredare uttrycken.

Companies are faced with challenges constraining the achievement of set budgets, goals, profit and cost of product, to name a few, on a daily basis. These challenges influence value creation and sustainable value creation. Value-based management is an integrated management tool which may assist in achieving sustainable value creation within a company. Achieving sustainable value creation will result in benefits for both the shareholders and the various stakeholders. In 2008 and 2009 Eskom, South Africa’s sole electricity provider announced a major shortage of electricity and consequently major price increases. Since electricity consumption is a crucial part of the production process, this announcement had a devastating effect on mining companies. The primary objective of the current study is to investigate whether a local mining company is focusing on applicable endeavours to overcome the electricity constraint and price hikes in order to sustain value creation. This was done by studying the company’s financial & management reports, public announcements and media coverage, in conjunction with a quantitative study, collecting primary data by using standardised questionnaires distributed among the mining company’s employees. The results from this study indicate that the selected company is focusing on relevant projects to overcome the electricity constraints. Further, the conclusion made from the results of the questionnaires shows that the higher staff levels are more informed and aware of value-based management. It also points out that the lower levels and employees from the production and mining departments are less informed and aware of value-based management. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

In the recent past it has been found that a considerable pressure drop occurred during the extrusion of linear polyethylene in the course of capillary flow. The pressure drop resides within a narrow temperature window of one to two degrees Celsius. In this research the hydrodynamic condition and molecular origin of the extrusion window of linear polymer were investigated further. The advantage of the extrusion window, viz. smooth extrudate with less die swell ratio attained at low extrusion pressure and temperature, has potential in industrial applications. However, the extrusion window, corresponding to linear polyethylene (PE) with relatively low polydispersity (<7), has a narrow window temperature interval, circa 1~2°C, thus it could not be applied to industrial scale processing at the industrial scale. To have a fundamental insight and make the process industrially viable, research in this thesis was devoted to broaden the extrusion window to tolerate the thermal fluctuations in conventional processing. To achieve this goal molecular weight dependence of window temperature and flow criticalities is revealed. The hydrodynamic conditions of the extrusion window observed in a rate-controlled rheometer and stick-slip flow studied in a stress-controlled rheometer could be traced back to the same origin, viz. slip flow arises due to the disentanglement of adsorbed chains on capillary wall from free chains in the bulk. Secondly, a dual window effect was uncovered in the course of capillary flow of a bimodal PE, which is consistent with the window temperature dependence on molecular weight. Moreover, it was found that flow induced orientation within the window effect is even less than that observed in steady state flow at a relatively low shear rate. This implies that in the window region only relaxed free chains are extruded through the capillary die and most of the adsorbed chains, which could be disengaged from the entangled melt, remain sticking to the inner capillary wall. This observation is consistent with the hydrodynamic origin of high-surface-energy-die slip flow. Finally, a unimodal linear PE with extremely broad molecular weight distribution, i.e. polydispersity (PDI) is 27, showed a broad window effect, circa 8°C, at an appropriate apparent shear rate. The molecular origin of such a broad window effect is due to its broad molecular weight distribution. These results have further implications for energy efficient processing.

This thesis looks into the use of historical macrophyte records to assess long term changes in macrophyte communities in lakes and potential reasons for these changes. In particular it uses historical records to assess changes in macrophyte communities in the Norfolk Broads and West Midland Meres, two sets of lowland, eutrophic lakes in England. It provides a critical examination of the use of historical records, highlighting some of the constraints common to such data such as variations in recording effort, and bias in species recording and site selection. Having acknowledged these issues we then go on to develop a robust way to interpret such data, using a “change index” based on species persistence over the last 200 years within individual lakes. Species with high change index values, which represented species which had persisted or increased within the lake districts, were those known to be characteristic of eutrophic lakes. Conversely species with low index scores, which had declined in both the broads and meres over the last 200 years, included species associated with less fertile conditions but also a selection of typically eutrophic species. Averaging of change index scores in present day survey data served to identify the historically least changed lakes and to rank lakes in order of degree of botanical change over the last century. We then analysed the ecological basis of the change index in order to better understand the processes behind the decline of some species and survival of others in the Norfolk Broads and West Midland Meres. Functional groups determined from morphological and regenerative traits displayed significant differences in change index values in both groups of lakes, but declining taxa occurred across a wide range of plant growth forms. Non-hierarchical clustering of species based on their ecological preferences, obtained from published literature, resulted in groups with distinct change index values, indicating that changes in the status of species could be partly explained by these preferences. Of these, trophic preference was consistently the most important, with species of less fertile habitats consistently experiencing the greatest declines. However, some characteristically eutrophic species have also declined significantly, particularly in the broads. In these cases increasing loss of shallow water, low energy habitats in the broads, or loss of fluctuating water levels and less alkaline backwaters in the meres, appear to have been contributory factors. In addition to the change index approach, we also used historical records at a site level to complement palaeolimnological analysis and investigate the change in macrophyte community composition and structure at Barton Broad, Norfolk. Sediment samples were extracted from the bottom of the broad and analysed for sub-fossil remains and pollen of macrophytes. The historical records and palaeolimnological analysis combined showed that early communities did not consist entirely of low growing, oligotrophic and mesotrophic species as previously thought, but in fact comprised a mixture of these and other more characteristically high nutrient species associated with taller, or free-floating growth habit. As eutrophication progressed throughout the last century, the community was increasingly dominated by these latter growth forms. Diversity was maintained, however, since encroaching reedswamp generated a mosaic of low energy habitats which supported a range of species unable to withstand the hydraulic forces associated with more open water habitat. When the reedswamp disappeared in the 1950s, many of the dependent aquatic macrophytes also declined resulting in widespread macrophyte loss. The thesis demonstrates not just the complexities of using historical records, but also ways in which these can be overcome to make useful observations about macrophyte community change and lake ecological integrity to inform conservation and lake management, both on a site and lake district level.

This is a project about an old city block. It once housed confectioners, jewelers, restaurateurs, pharmacists, and retailers in street-level parcels with residents in the apartments above. Now, it is home to a barber, a few restaurateurs, and street vendors. Over 200 years of building and development have shaped what is now the north 100 block of E Broad Street and although most of it still stands, it shows the effects of renovations, time, and neglect. This is also a project about paths. As sidewalks move pedestrians along streets they provide paths to retailers, employers, homes, and places to gather and be. Instead of traveling alongside the city block, this project proposes a pedestrian path through it. By stitching together a series of fractured building parcels, the path begins and ends three hundred feet apart at the sidewalks of Broad and Marshall streets. Lastly, this is a project about movement. This bridge between Broad and Marshall Streets serves as a bridge between two different types of places. The collection of parcels that are united in purpose for the sake of this work touch with walls, floors, and ceilings and where they do, create opportunity for passage. Horizontal movement through the city block happens through large volumes defined by planes and program. Vertical movement occurs through perforated shafts and open layers that allow for users to comprehend distance and direction traveled.