El presente trabajo desarrolla un estudio de paralelo entre tres momentos de la narrativa hispanoamericana (Pre Boom, Boom y Post Boom) mediante el análisis de técnica narrativa de tres obras pertenecientes a dichos momentos, a saber: Alienación de Julio Ramón Ribeyro, El Hablador de Mario Vargas Llosa y Un mundo para Julius de Alfredo Bryce Echenique. Estas obras, por ser de autores tan reconocidos, son representantes dignas cada una de su etapa en la narrativa hispanoamericana. Para realizar este estudio situamos en el tiempo los tres momentos de la narrativa a analizar, es decir, hemos considerado el contexto histórico y social que envolvió a cada uno de los escritores analizados y a las obras en cuestión. Además, hacemos referencia a las características de la literatura hispanoamericana y peruana del siglo XX de manera general. Resulta imprescindible, por ser motivo de esta tesis, realizar el análisis de técnica narrativa de cada una de las obras mencionadas para luego establecer el paralelo entre ellas. Cada obra es una pieza representativa de uno de los momentos y su análisis da pie a una generalización.

This work deals with the application of supermathematics to supersymmetrical problems arising in physics. Some recent developments are presented in detail. A reduction scheme for general supermanifolds to vector bundles is presented, which significantly simplifies their mathematical treatment in a physical context. Moreover, some applications of this new approach are worked out, such as the Fermi oscillator. / text

El presente trabajo desarrolla un estudio de paralelo entre tres momentos de la narrativa hispanoamericana (Pre Boom, Boom y Post Boom) mediante el análisis de técnica narrativa de tres obras pertenecientes a dichos momentos, a saber: Alienación de Julio Ramón Ribeyro, El Hablador de Mario Vargas Llosa y Un mundo para Julius de Alfredo Bryce Echenique. Estas obras, por ser de autores tan reconocidos, son representantes dignas cada una de su etapa en la narrativa hispanoamericana. Para realizar este estudio situamos en el tiempo los tres momentos de la narrativa a analizar, es decir, hemos considerado el contexto histórico y social que envolvió a cada uno de los escritores analizados y a las obras en cuestión. Además, hacemos referencia a las características de la literatura hispanoamericana y peruana del siglo XX de manera general. Resulta imprescindible, por ser motivo de esta tesis, realizar el análisis de técnica narrativa de cada una de las obras mencionadas para luego establecer el paralelo entre ellas. Cada obra es una pieza representativa de uno de los momentos y su análisis da pie a una generalización.

Lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs) are a maturing technology that is prepared for commercial implementation into new products. LEMs are defined by three functional characteristics; they (1) are compliant, (2) are fabricated from planar materials, and (3) emerge from a flat initial state. Advantages, design challenges, and design tools are described for each of the functional characteristics. Opportunities for LEMs are discussed, namely disposable LEMs, novel arrays of LEMs, scaled LEMs, LEMs with surprising motion, shock absorbing LEMs, and deployable LEMs. Technology push product development processes were employed to select applications for LEMs. LEM technology was characterized. In a LEM workshop, eighteen industry professionals then helped identify over 200 potential applications for the technology. The applications were evaluated, and the most promising ideas that were identified for each LEM opportunity are described with graphics of possible product embodiments. Of the various product opportunities enabled by LEMs, deployable mechanisms – particularly in the credit card size – are among the most viable. The compactness and portability of credit-card-sized products create a strong motivation for their development. Expanding the capabilities of credit-card-sized mechanisms to include more sophisticated motions and a broader range of tasks may dramatically increase their market potential. A review of the current state-of-the-art in credit-card-sized mechanisms reveals two primary classes of mechanisms most commonly used in this form factor: rigid-body mechanisms and in-plane compliant mechanisms. The limitations of each and corresponding LEM advantages are described. Criteria for determining whether a product is a suitable candidate for using LEM technology to create or improve a credit-card-sized product are established. The advantages of LEMs in credit-card-sized products are illustrated through an example product: a compact lancing device that could be used as a main component for a highly portable epinephrine syringe.

La cuentística de Alfredo Bryce Echenique (Perú, 1939) tiene una temática variada que se centra principalmente en personajes masculinos que presentan una visión realista de las múltiples facetas de un ser humano. En esta tesis analizo los cuentos “Baby Schiaffino” de la colección La felicidad, ja, ja (1974) y “Anorexia y tijerita” de la colección Magdalena peruana y otros cuentos (1986). Demuestro cómo el autor cuestiona la masculinidad latinoamericana a través de los protagonistas masculinos y sus relaciones con el concepto de crisis masculina, enfoque principal de este estudio. Asimismo analizo cómo el autor usa la memoria, la temática social y ciertos espacios masculinos, al igual que desarrollo paralelamente los personajes femeninos fuertes. Argumento que en esta tesis, el autor presenta una noción acertada de las dificultades que enfrenta el hombre en Latinoamérica. Presento cómo Bryce Echenique comunica su cosmovisión a través de los modelos referenciales masculinos problemáticos que aparecen en los cuentos y concluyo que estos resultan inadecuados debido al entorno socio-económico que caracteriza a la masculinidad peruana tradicional.

This thesis seeks to argue for the problematising role of tradition and generational influence in the work of three Northern Irish poets publishing since the late 1990s. The subjects, Colette Bryce (b. 1970), Leontia Flynn (b. 1974) and Sinéad Morrissey (b. 1972), emerged coterminously, each publishing with major UK publishers. Together they represent a generation of assured female poetic voices. This study presents one of the first critical considerations of the work of these poets, and it remains conscious of the dominance of conceptions of tradition and lineage which are notable in poetry from Northern Ireland from the twentieth-century onwards. In suggesting that this tradition is problematised for emerging women poets by precursor-peer dominance and the primacy of male perspectives in the tradition, this thesis combines a study of poetics, themes relating to gender, detachment and paratexts. From consideration of these elements, it proposes that contemporary poets are not necessarily subject to the powers of tradition and influence, but rather, are capable of a selective approach that in turn demonstrates the malleability of contemporary traditions. The approaches are laid out in four chapters which move from a consideration of “threshold” paratexts (following from the work of Gérard Genette), including book reviews and dedications, through studies of thematic divergence and detachment, the changing status of women’s poetry traditions within Northern Ireland and beyond, the significance of gendered subjects in poetry, and influence found not in thematic or paratextual aspects, but in the individual aspects of poetic form. These aspects combine to form poems and the tradition(s) in which they continue. The thesis provides extensive coverage of the work of Bryce, Flynn, and Morrissey, combining close readings with the application of theoretical frameworks interrogating the implications of literary traditions on later writers (especially when the writers are temporally and culturally close), giving particular consideration to gender and feminist politics. It explores a variety of different critical truisms applied to the poetic generations that precede the younger poets and identifies both compliance and divergences from the contemporary Northern Irish canon. In doing so, this study simultaneously illuminates the frailties of the popular, overwhelmingly male, tradition, particularly as regards to representations of women, and provides direction for studies of post-millennial Northern Irish poetry.

Human-bear interactions are an important consideration of bear biology, as interactions can lead to destruction of property as well as injury or death for both human and bear. Successful analysis of why these interactions occur can lead to appropriate preventative measures and mitigation of further conflict. Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA) is comprised of relatively poor bear habitat, but a black bear population exists on the Paunsaugunt Plateau, on which the park occupies the eastern edge. Park managers expressed interest in learning more about bear movements and, specifically, bear use of anthropogenic features following a number of human-bear incidents located at backcountry campsites within park boundaries. By analyzing data from GPS radio-collared bears, trail cameras, existing literature, park incident reports and in-depth campsite assessments, we were able to show how bears are using both natural and anthropogenic features on the Bryce landscape. Campsites were assessed for bear habitat, displacement and encounter potential in order to establish an overall human-bear conflict potential. AIC model selection and resource selection functions using GPS collar data showed that bears selected for some anthropogenic features (campsites, springs), while actively avoiding others (trails, roads). Trail camera data, existing literature and park incident reports all pointed toward use of trails. We then considered all data sources used in the analysis and compiled rankings of human-bear conflict potential for each of the backcountry campsites within BRCA, and submitted a detailed report of findings, conclusions and recommendations to NPS personnel. Second, we investigated human-bear interactions at polar bear dens sites on Alaska's North Slope. As parturient female polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation increasingly construct maternal dens on coastal land features rather than sea ice, they become more likely to interact with industry and other human activity. We wanted to understand what levels of human interaction could lead to disturbance of denning polar bears, and what types of responses were being exhibited by bears following those interactions. We subdivided potential disturbance stimuli into groups based on their size, motion and sound and the used AIC model selection techniques and multinomial logistic regression to analyze records of human-bear interactions at den sites ranging from 1975 through the present day. We found significant probabilities of varying levels of bear disturbance response among a number of stimuli and intensities. However, denning bear families were overall more tolerant of human activity near den sites than expected. Den abandonments were rare, and we documented no cases of reproductive failure following a disturbance event. We hope that our results from the analysis can be used to further enhance management of industry when operating in polar bear denning habitat.

El presente trabajo desarrolla un estudio de paralelo entre tres momentos de la narrativa hispanoamericana (Pre Boom, Boom y Post Boom) mediante el análisis de técnica narrativa de tres obras pertenecientes a dichos momentos, a saber: Alienación de Julio Ramón Ribeyro, El Hablador de Mario Vargas Llosa y Un mundo para Julius de Alfredo Bryce Echenique. Estas obras, por ser de autores tan reconocidos, son representantes dignas cada una de su etapa en la narrativa hispanoamericana. Para realizar este estudio situamos en el tiempo los tres momentos de la narrativa a analizar, es decir, hemos considerado el contexto histórico y social que envolvió a cada uno de los escritores analizados y a las obras en cuestión. Además, hacemos referencia a las características de la literatura hispanoamericana y peruana del siglo XX de manera general. Resulta imprescindible, por ser motivo de esta tesis, realizar el análisis de técnica narrativa de cada una de las obras mencionadas para luego establecer el paralelo entre ellas. Cada obra es una pieza representativa de uno de los momentos y su análisis da pie a una generalización. / Tesis

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This work presents the development and analysis of a system that combines the concepts of light field microscopy and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to measure three-dimensional velocities within a microvolume. Rectanglar microchannels were fabricated with dimensions on the order of 350-950 micrometers using a photolithographic process and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The flow was seeded with fluorescent particles and pumped through microchannels at Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.016 to 0.028. Flow at Reynolds numbers in the range of 0.02 to 0.03 was seeded with fluorescent particles and pumped through microchannels. A light field microscope with a lateral resolution of 6.25 micrometers and an axial resolution of 15.5 micrometers was designed and built based on the concepts described by Levoy et al. Light field images were captured continuously at a frame rate of 3.9 frames per second using a Canon 5D Mark II DSLR camera. Each image was post processed to render a stack of two-dimensional images. The focal stacks were further post processed using various methods including bandpass filtering, 3D deconvolution, and intensity-based thresholding, to remove effects of diffraction and blurring. Subsequently, a multi-pass, three-dimensional PIV algorithm was used to measure channel velocities. Results from PIV analysis were compared with an analytical solution for fully-developed cases, and with CFD simulations for developing flows. Relative errors for fully-developed flow measurements, within the light field microscope refocusing range, were approximately 5% or less. Overall, the main limitations are the reduction in lateral resolution, and the somewhat low axial resolution. Advantages include the relatively low cost, ease of incorporation into existing micro-PIV systems, simple self-calibration process, and potential for resolving instantaneous three-dimensional velocities in a microvolume.