O setor da construção civil atualmente apresenta uma forte demanda por inovações nas tecnologias de informação e comunicação na construção. Nesse contexto, a modelagem da informação da construção vem se destacando como um dos principais temas em desenvolvimento no Brasil e no mundo. O foco das pesquisas e iniciativas relacionadas à implementação da modelagem da informação da construção apresenta uma lacuna quanto ao desenvolvimento de seus processos, além de empecilhos relacionados aos aspectos de colaboração entre os agentes. Diante deste quadro, o American Institute of Architects propôs um modelo contratual para projetos integrados, denominado Integrated Project Delivery, que fomenta a relação colaborativa dos agentes do empreendimento por meio do compartilhamento dos resultados entre os participantes. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a análise da possibilidade de implantação desta dinâmica contratual no cenário da construção civil brasileira. Para tanto, foram avaliados os resultados de dois questionários estruturados e do estudo de caso de empresa de incorporação que vem investindo na implantação da modelagem da informação da construção em seu processo de projeto. Os questionários tiveram enfoque nos estágios de maturidade da implementação da modelagem da informação da construção como cenário para o uso do projeto integrado, e os resultados apresentaram um panorama geral de baixa maturidade. No estudo de caso, avaliaram-se os modelos contratuais utilizados em relação às práticas já implantadas do uso da modelagem da informação da construção. Como resultado, foram identificados diversos aspectos do processo de projeto com potencial para implementação de um contrato relacional, porém ainda limitados pela falta de adequação dos processos e modelo contratual às características de colaboração e integração típicas da modelagem da informação da construção. Este trabalho propõe diretrizes para a adequação dos processos observados na empresa-caso ao modelo de projeto integrado proposto pelo American Institute of Architects. / The civil construction sector has demanded innovations on its communication and information technologies. In this context, Building Information Modeling has been stressed as one of the most important developing themes in Brazil and worldwide. The focus of BIM researches and implementation initiatives has a shortage regarding the development of BIM processes, and restrictions related to the collaboration among actors. Due to this scenario, the American Institute of Architects (2007) proposed a contractual model for integrated projects, called Integrated Project Delivery that stimulates a collaborative relationship among actors through sharing project results with its participants. This Master Thesis aims to analyze the possibility of implementing this contractual dynamics on the Brazilian construction sector. As methodology, two structured surveys were analyzed and a case study was carried out on a real estate company which has invested on incorporating BIM in its design process. The surveys were addressed focusing on the BIM implementation stages as a scenario for the implementation of the integrated project approach. The results pointed to a very low stage of BIM implementation. The case study focused on the evaluation of the contractual models related to the implemented BIM practices. Several potential aspects appropriate for the implementation of a relational contract were identified, but still restricted by the inadequacy of the design processes and contracts to BIM collaboration and integration typical characteristics. This Master Thesis defines guidelines for the forthcoming of the observed processes to the integrated project delivery model proposed by the American Institute of Architects.

A complexidade das atuais edificações e, consequentemente, a divisão dos projetos em especialidades e subsistemas evidenciam as dificuldades do coordenador de projetos em gerenciar todo o processo de projeto. Há necessidade de um fluxo contínuo de troca de informações e de comunicação entre os envolvidos. A prática do BIM (Building Information Modeling) e o emprego de suas ferramentas computacionais propiciam aos projetistas a agilidade e precisão no desenvolvimento do projeto, uma vez que possibilita, por exemplo, uma visualização da interação de todos os subsistemas do edifício. No entanto, o cenário atual da tecnologia não provê ferramentas para todos os fluxos de trabalho necessários, e quando fornece, nem sempre o software disponível segue as normas específicas para determinada aplicação em certo país. As normas técnicas estabelecem requisitos e recomendações relativos ao projeto e devem ser observadas por projetistas para a segurança e qualidade das edificações. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver regras de verificação e validação de modelos BIM para sistemas prediais com base em normas técnicas brasileiras, tais como a de sistemas prediais de água, de esgoto sanitário e de águas pluviais. O método empregado considera o levantamento das recomendações normativas e suas respectivas transformações em regras que possam ser verificadas automaticamente por meio de programas de computador. O programa adotado foi o software Solibri Model Checker (SMC), que faz uso de modelos em Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). Os resultados mostram que regras simples de comparação e relacionadas a propriedades de cada elemento são possíveis de serem parametrizadas no SMC e têm resultados sólidos de fácil visualização, o que permite uma correção mais rápida e dinâmica por parte dos projetistas e coordenadores de projeto. Para regras mais complexas, necessitou-se da criação de ferramentas paralelas ao SMC. Constata-se que o SMC ainda é incompleto quando se trata da análise de projetos de sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários, porém é possível desenvolvê-las uma vez que o modelo em IFC pode conter todas as informações necessárias às análises. Assim, verifica-se a necessidade de que os projetos BIM contenham as informações e obedeçam a padrões de modelagem para que possam ser utilizados na verificação de regras de modo eficiente. Por fim, os resultados desta pesquisa contribuem para o emprego do BIM no desenvolvimento e análise de projeto de sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários com maior precisão, agilidade e qualidade. / The complexity of existing buildings and, consequently, the division of projects and sub-specialties highlight the difficulties the project coordinator to manage the entire design process. There is a need for a continuous flow of information exchange and communication among stakeholders. The practice of BIM (Building Information Modeling) and the use of their computational tools provide designers the speed and accuracy in the development of the project, as it enables, for example, a preview of the interaction of all building subsystems. However, the current technology landscape does not provide tools for all to workflows required, and when it does, they do not always follow standards a specific application in a given country. The technical standards contain requirements and recommendations relating to the project and must be observed by designers for the safety and quality of the buildings. In this sense, the objective of this research is to develop procedures for verification and validation of BIM models for building systems based on Brazilian technical standards, such as building systems for water, sanitary sewer and storm water. The employed method considers the collection of policy recommendations and their changes in rules that can be automatically checked using computer programs. The adopted program was Solibri Model Checker software (SMC), which makes use of models in Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The results show that simple comparison rules and related properties of each element are able to be parameterized in the SMC and have solid results for easy viewing, allowing faster correction and dynamic on the part of designers and design engineers. For more complex rules the creation of parallel tools to SMC is needed. It appears that the SMC is still incomplete when it comes to the analysis of hydraulic and sanitary building systems projects, but you can develop them as the model in IFC can contain all the necessary information to the analysis. Thus, there is a need that the BIM projects contain the information and comply with standards for modeling which can be used to verify rules efficiently. Finally, the results of this research contribute to the use of BIM in the development and design analysis of hydraulic building systems and toilets with greater accuracy, speed and quality.

<p>Building Information Modeling, or BIM, is a process that is quickly changing the way Architectural, Engineering, and Construction companies manage construction projects. Being a company specific process, only parts of the process have been accepted as a standardized method across every company. Those components that are not standardized have become proprietary to each specific company. The goal of the research is to provide a rich and complete description of the use of BIM across multiple Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) companies in order to inform and integrate BIM into construction graphics and management curricula in higher education. The literature review generated a thorough understanding of BIM standards currently identified. The methodology, a comparison of BIM theory to industrial practices, provided a broader picture of all aspects of BIM being utilized in current AEC companies. The results identified a comparison of all aspects of BIM to current AEC practices and paints a well-defined picture of what is being accomplished with BIM within company construction processes across AEC companies that are classified into several categories. BIM practices within each company indicate similarities and differences that give a rich BIM description across the entire AEC industry. The results suggest a high usage of BIM across more areas than just construction of the building branching out to all areas within a set of construction documents for project management. </p>

Estudantes têm ingressado no mercado de trabalho sem conhecimento em BIM e, portanto, despreparados para trabalhar com seus conceitos básicos. O objetivo desta Tese é propor uma forma de introduzir este conceito em currículos de cursos de Arquitetura e de Engenharia Civil no Brasil. Como a adoção de BIM, no Brasil, ainda está em estágios iniciais, optou-se por pesquisar documentos da literatura técnica internacional. Com base na Metodologia da Problematização com o Arco de Maguerez (MP), 408 documentos foram analisados, utilizando-se o método de pesquisa Análise de Conteúdo. Foi possível identificar os seguintes resultados: áreas do currículo em que BIM está sendo introduzido; tipos de colaboração ensinados; obstáculos enfrentados pelas instituições; a evolução do ensino de BIM; e níveis de proficiência em BIM (introdutório, intermediário e avançado). Concluiu-se que o ensino de BIM tem alcançado um elevado nível nos Estados Unidos, porém, está restrito a poucas universidades que possuem os recursos necessários e são capazes de estabelecer parcerias com empresas para troca de informações. Os métodos e recursos de ensino são, geralmente, definidos pela cooperação entre as instituições acadêmicas e a indústria, com o propósito de simular, na universidade, a prática profissional. Contudo, mesmo que BIM seja utilizado para ensinar conteúdos de uma disciplina, sua introdução nos currículos deveria seguir os critérios que são recomendados para cada nível de proficiência em BIM (NPBIM). Também foi possível identificar 12 tipos de especialidades BIM de quatro diferentes contextos e definir o perfil de um competente Gerente BIM. Para saber como algumas empresas de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção Civil, no Brasil, estão se estruturando para suportar projetos BIM, aplicou-se um questionário online cujos resultados contribuíram para construir um modelo para fluxo de trabalho BIM. Com base nesses estudos, foram identificadas as competências em BIM que deveriam ser ensinadas na graduação e aperfeiçoadas na profissão. Além disso, foram analisadas as ementas de dois currículos de uma universidade brasileira, assim como, as percepções dos professores quanto ao ensino de BIM. Todo conhecimento construído serviu como fundamentação para elaborar uma proposta para a introdução de BIM nesses dois currículos, assim como, a implementação de uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar professores a introduzir BIM em suas disciplinas, contemplando, assim, a última etapa da MP que é a Aplicação à Realidade. / Graduates are entering the labour market without any knowledge of BIM and are thus unprepared to work on projects that are undertaken within the framework of this new concept. The purpose of this thesis is to suggest ways this concept can be introduced in the curricula of courses in Civil Engineering and Architecture in Brazil. As the adoption of BIM in Brazil is still in its early stages, there was a need to search for suitable documentary material in the international technical literature. By employing the Problematization Methodology with the MaguerezArch (MP) 408 documents were analyzed based on the criteria of the \'Content Analysis\' method. This led to an assessment of the following areas : the parts of the curriculum where BIM is being introduced; the types of collaboration that are being taught; the obstacles faced by institutions when teaching BIM and the progress made by BIM Education in terms of the strategies adopted by academic institutions. In addition, three levels of BIM proficiency were defined: introductory, intermediate and advanced. It was concluded that BIM Education has reached an advanced level in the United States, although it is restricted to the few universities which have the required resources and are able to establish partnerships with companies to exchange information. The methods and teaching resources are designed to suit the requirements of those interacting between academic institutions and industry, as a means of simulating professional practice in the universities. However, even if BIM is only used as a teaching resource, or taught in a specific course, its introduction into the curricula must follow the criteria that are laid down for each level of BIM proficiency. It was also possible to categorize 12 types of BIM specialists working in four different areas and to define the profile of a competent BIM Manager. Moreover, a survey was conducted to find out how AEC firms in Brazil are being structured to support projects with BIM. The results made it possible to build a model for the BIM workflow. On the basis of these studies, it could be determined which BIM competencies should be taught in undergraduate courses and what improvements could be made in the profession. Furthermore, the syllabuses of two curricula from a Brazilian university were analyzed, as well as, the opinions of the teachers regarding the teaching of BIM. The knowledge obtained served as a theoretical basis for the introduction of BIM in these two curricula, as well as the implementation of a tool which can assist teachers in implementing BIM in their courses, and represents the last stage of the MP which is Assumptions of Solution.

The construction industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is faced with challenges of incessant delays, cost overruns and poor quality. The premise of the research reported here is that effective adoption and implementation of Building Information modelling (BIM) can contribute to the achievement of the necessary improvement. Against this backdrop, the aim of the research was to produce a strategic framework to underpin such adoption and implementation. It entailed investigation of the awareness of BIM, the extent of its use in KSA and the barriers to its more effective adoption and implementation. A mixed research approach was adopted, using a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews for collecting data. The questionnaire survey was used to obtain information on the awareness, barriers, drivers and status of BIM usage in the KSA construction industry, while the semi-structured interviews were designed to elicit the opinions of professionals and elucidate their own experiences in relation to the variables in this study. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and thematic content analysis. The study found that the awareness of BIM in the Saudi construction industry is low and faced with inherent barriers that impede its successful application. These barriers were found to be a lack of knowledge of BIM, initial and running costs of implementation, a lack of training of personnel, and a fear of changing from the traditional methods of construction. The study identified strategies that could be used to address these challenges. These include enlightenment on the benefits of BIM application; creating awareness of BIM through workshops, seminars and conferences; training of workers; and the introduction of government intervention to enforce the application of BIM. In addition, this study identified the relevant factors that would enable the application of BIM in the Saudi construction industry to be meeting client's expectations and the requirement to use BIM technology, and using BIM because of the benefits it offers such as cost savings, efficiency, quality and increase in productivity. Regardless of these BIM drivers, however, the most important aim is to bring the stakeholders to commit themselves and invest in the necessary technology, tools and resources in order to improve construction processes. A strategic framework was developed to serve as a roadmap for BIM implementation. The framework also encompassed the key parties in the process and the specific roles to be played by them. The study concludes that the implementation of BIM could improve project performance in Saudi Arabia in terms of time, cost and quality.

Following several years of research and development around the subject of BIM, its impact on the design and handover of buildings is now becoming visible across the construction industry. Changes in design procedures and information management methods indicate the potential for greater utilisation of a Common Data Environment in areas other than design. To identify how these changes are influencing the engineering design process, and adapt this process to the needs and requirements of building performance management requires consideration of multiple factors, relating mainly to the stakeholders and processes employed in these procedures. This thesis is the culmination of a four year Engineering Doctorate exploring how BIM could be used to support non-domestic building energy performance management. It begins with an introduction to the research aim and objectives, then presents a thorough review of the subject area and the methodologies employed for the research. Research is split between eight sequential tasks using literature review, interviews, data analysis and case-study application from which findings, conclusions and key recommendations are made. Findings demonstrate disparity between different information environments and provide insight into the necessary steps to enable connection between BIM and monitored building energy performance information. They highlight the following factors essential to providing an information environment suitable for BIM applied performance management: Skills in handling information and the interface between various environments; Technology capable of producing structured and accurate information, supporting efficient access for interconnection with other environments; and Processes that define the standards to which information is classified, stored and modified, with responsibility for its creation and modification made clear throughout the building life-cycle. A prototype method for the linking of BIM and monitored building energy performance data is demonstrated for a case-study building, encountering many of the technical barriers preventing replication on other projects. Methodological challenges are identified using review of existing building design and operation procedures. In conclusion the research found that BIM is still in its infancy, and while efforts are being made to apply it in novel ways to support efficient operation, several challenges remain. Opportunities for building energy performance improvement may be visualised using the modelling environment BIM provides, and the ability to interface with descriptive performance data suggests the future potential for BIM utilisation post-handover.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has entered the construction industry and has permeated the commercial sector. Research is continually performed to expand the capabilities and applications within the industry. However, research has historically been mostly limited to the commercial sector and has seen little expansion to other sectors of the industry including the residential sector. The potential cause for this may be the limited number of industry professionals who utilize the software to the benefit of their companies. The focus of this study was specifically the custom home building sector of residential construction in the United States because of the unique and potentially complex nature of each project. The study was performed using a Delphi Panel, which utilizes a panel of experts to reach a consensus on a given subject. In this study, the goal was to reach a consensus on the most common uses challenges and benefits of BIM within the residential sector. In the first questionnaires, the experts were asked to identify, with a series of demographic questions including the number of employees in their company, the number of homes they build each year, and the average sale price of each home. Each expert's responses to the demographic questions were cross-referenced with the responses concerning uses, benefits, and challenges to provide other industry members wishing to implement with relatable demographic references to compare with their own company demographics. The experts then identified how they used BIM, what benefits they had seen, and any challenges they faced. The uses, benefits, and challenges identified in this questionnaire were ranked in the following questionnaire to identify the most common uses, greatest benefits, and greatest challenges.The top uses identified by this expert panel were design and visualization, the creation of construction documents, and quantity take-offs. The most common benefits identified by this panel were client visualization, plan accuracy, improved client communication, and ease of plan revisions. The most common challenges identified by this panel were high software costs, the steep learning curve when training employees, and the time-consuming nature of creating and maintain models correctly.

No description available.

Rapporten avhandlar modelleringen av en befintlig industribyggnad och dess tillvägagångssätt. I rapporten har även utredningar och studier granskats kring neutrala filformat, laserscanning och byggprocessen i allmänhet då dessa omnämnda ämnen går hand i hand och utgör fundamenten i modellerings-projekt. Projektet som författarna modellerade var det befintliga renseriet på Södra Cell i Mönsterås. Intervjuer som kontinuerligt utförts med berörda personer framgår under genomförande delen.

The cost of design, construction and maintenance of facilities is on continual rise. The demand is to construct facilities which have been designed by apply life cycle costing principles. These principles have already given strong decision making power to the manufacturing industry. The need to satisfy the environmental sustainability requirements, improve operational effectiveness of buildings and apply value engineering principles has increased the dependency on life cycle costing analysis. The objective is to obtain economically viable solutions by analyzing the alternatives during the design of a building. Though the LCCA process is able to give the desired results, it does have some problems which have stood as hindrances to the more widespread use of the LCCA concept and method. The literature study has highlighted that the problem areas are the lack of frameworks or mechanisms for collecting and storing data and the complexity of LCCA exercise, which involves the analysis of a thousand of building elements and a number of construction-type options and maintenance activities for each building element at detailed design stages. Building Information Modeling has been able to repeatedly answer the questions raised by the AEC industry. The aim of this study is to identify the areas where BIM can be effectively applied to the LCCA process and become a part of the workflow. In this study, initially four LCCA case studies are read and evaluated from the point of view of understanding the method in which the life cycle costing principles have been applied. The purpose, the type alternatives examined, the process of analysis, the type of software used and the results are understood. An attempt has been carried out to understand the workflow of the LCCA process. There is a confidence that Building Information Modeling is capable of handling changes during the design, construction and maintenance phases of the project. Since applying changes to any kind of information of the building during LCC analysis forms the core, it has become necessary to use computer building models for examining these changes. The building modeling softwares are enumerated. The case studies have highlighted that the evaluation of the alternatives are primarily to achieve energy efficient solutions for the buildings. Applying these solutions involves high initial costs. The return on investment is the means by which these solutions become viable to the owners of the facilities. This is where the LCCA has been applied. Two of the important cost elements of the LCC analysis are initial costs and the operating costs of the building. The collaboration of these modeling tools with other estimating software where the initial costs of the building can be generated is studied. The functions of the quantity take-off tools and estimating tools along with the interoperability between these tools are analyzed. The operating costs are generated from the software that focuses on sustainability. And the currently used tools for performing the calculations of the life cycle costing analysis are also observed. The objective is to identify if the currently available BIM tools and software can help in obtaining LCCA results and are able to offset the hindrances of the process. Therefore, the software are studied from the point of view of ease of handling data and the type of data that can be generated. Possible BIM workflows are suggested depending on the functions of the software and the relationship between them. The study has aimed at taking a snapshot the current tools available which can aid the LCCA process. The research is of significance to the construction industry as it forms a precursor to the application of Building Information Modeling to the LCCA process as it shows that it has the capacity of overcoming the obstacles for life cycle costing. This opens a window to the possibility of applying BIM to LCCA and furthering this study.