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111	A demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan : ancient population estimates and insights through archaeology Kennedy, Titus Michael January 2013 (has links) This thesis is a demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan (ca. 1550/1500-1200/1150 BCE), undertaken through the use of archaeological and anthropological data. The purpose is to establish estimates for the settlement population, nomadic population, nuclear family size, house size, sex ratio, and life expectancy of the people of Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Previous studies have not addressed these issues in detail, nor had data from the entire scope of Canaan been considered, nor had a precise methodology been developed or used for estimating specific settlement populations and nomadic populations for Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Thus, additional aspects of the thesis include the development and use of a new methodology for estimating ancient populations and a database of all of the Late Bronze Age sites in Canaan—both archaeological and textual. To accomplish these goals, the thesis uses archaeological data from excavations and surveys, texts from the Late Bronze Age, human skeletal remains from Late Bronze Age burials, demographic and ethnographic studies of various types of nomads, and methods, techniques, and observations from previous relevant studies. The primary objectives are to 1) obtain individual settlement, nomadic, and total population estimates for Canaan in the Late Bronze Age that are as accurate as possible based on the currently available data, along with additional demographic estimates of life expectancy and sex ratio, 2) propose a new methodology for estimating settlement populations in the ancient world, 3) present a catalogue and map of all of the sites in Canaan that were inhabited during the Late Bronze Age, 4) illuminate demographic trends during the Late Bronze Age in Canaan. The implications of the results may lead to a modified demographic view of Canaan and its sub-regions during the Late Bronze Age. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Archaeology) Amarna Letters Ancient Population Apiru Archaeology Burials Canaan Canaanite Conquest Demographic Archaeology Demography Domestic Architecture Household Archaeology Family Archaeology GIS Israel Jordan Late Bronze Age Lebanon Levant Life Expectancy Nomad Palestine Population Estimate Shasu Settlement Syria Topographical Lists 18th Dynasty 19th Dynasty 933 Bronze age -- Palestine Excavations (Archaeology) -- Palestine Population -- Palestine Demography -- Palestine Palestine -- Social life and customs Palestine -- Antiquities Palestine -- Civilization
112	Les traditions céramiques dans leur contexte archéologique sur le littoral camerounais (Kribi-Campo) de 3000 à 500 BP / Ceramic traditions in their archaeological context on the coast of Cameroon (Kribi-Campo) from 3000 to 500 BP Nlend Nlend, Pascal 18 October 2013 (has links) Les recherches archéologiques sur le littoral méridional du Cameroun ont connu un essor depuis le début des années 2000. Les prospections, ont mis en évidence trente-huit sites archéologiques dans la région de Kribi-Campo. L’analyse du matériel issu des fouilles révèle l’existence de trois traditions céramiques régionales et d’un groupe plus local, datés de 1100 BC à AD 1460. Cela correspond à la transition de l’Age de la Pierre à l’Age du Fer Ancien, et à un contexte paléo-environnemental qui varie entre phases sèches et humides. Ses populations avaient un mode de subsistance basé sur la cueillette, la chasse, la pêche et probablement l’agriculture. Sédentaires, elles creusaient des fosses dont certaines ont eu des fonctions rituelles. Au cours de l’Age du Fer Ancien, des structures funéraires ont été identifiées. La disposition particulière des poteries et leur association à de multiples objets en fer semblent indiquer qu’on serait en présence de tombes d’une élite. Cela suggère la présence d’une société hiérarchisée s’étendant au-delà de la région de Kribi-Campo jusqu’en Guinée équatoriale il y a environ 2000 ans./Archaeological research on the southern coast of Cameroon has been rapidly expanding since the beginning of 2000. Recent surveys revealed 38 archaeological sites in the Kribi-Campo region. The analysis of the material extracted from excavations provides three regional ceramic traditions and one local ceramic group, dated between 1100 BC and 1460 AD. This corresponds to the transitional period of the Late Stone Age and Early Iron Age, which from a palaeoenvironmental perspective, was characterized by dry and humid phases. <p>This population lived a sedentary lifestyle, based on hunting, gathering, fishing and probably also on agriculture. They dug out pits, of which some might have had a ritual function.<p> Funerary structures were identified, dating to the Early Iron Age. The specific disposition of pots and their association with different iron objects seem to indicate the presence of elite graves. This hierarchical society might have spread beyond the Kribi-Campo region about 2000 years ago as similar burial sites were found in Equatorial Guinea.<p> / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Histoire Sciences humaines Excavations (Archaeology) -- Cameroon Pottery -- Cameroon Iron age -- Cameroon Fouilles (Archéologie) -- Cameroun Céramique -- Cameroun Age du fer -- Cameroun Cameroon -- Antiquities Cameroun -- Antiquités SMA Littoral camerounais Groupe Tombes Tradition/Early Iron Age Burials Tradition Age du Fer Ancien Céramique Coast of Cameroon Group Ceramic
113	Barnskrik i Hades? : Attityder till döda spädbarn i antika Grekland. / Screaming babies in Hades? : Attitudes to dead infants in ancient Greece. Svedlund, Sofie January 2020 (has links) In Homer’s work Iliad, Achilles is harassed in the sleep by the ghost of his friend Patroclus who demands a burial by him to be able to find peace. From this we get an understanding of how important it was for the ancient Greeks that their dead were given a proper burial for the soul to enter Hades and be able to find peace. If the deceased body was not buried, the soul became restless that harassed and had the power to harm the living. Infants belong to the group of individuals that do not appear to have had any consistent way of how to deal with them after they died. Some of them did not receive anything even close to a burial that a deceased adult would have received. Why infants were handled differently in certain contexts and locations is a mystery and begs the question of whether they were not considered to be people when they died and what was required to be considered worthy of a funeral when being dead. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether infants ended up in Hades or not, with the ancient Greeks' view of death and dead bodies as a theoretical starting point. To fulfill the purpose, the following questions were asked; how were dead infants handled? Were they considered to be 'real' individuals? How do the dead infants relate to the notions of becoming restless dead? To be able to answer these questions, I researched material from three different categories of evidence. The discussion has been divided into archaeological, iconographical, and literary sources. There are many different answers to the questions of this thesis as the different sorts of source material indicate diverse answers and attitudes to infants. It all probably depends on the different geographical places, economy, and status in society. These different answers also generate different attitudes to infants and whether they in fact were a real person. But through this thesis I have displayed factors that can support my theory about infants in Hades and that they – in worst case scenario – could end up like restless dead. Mass grave Agora Athens child burials infanticide Hekate Demeter infant-graves infant death Hades Kylindra Messene Eretria Euboia restless dead demons Greek vase-paintings gravestelai Ampharete aoroi amphidromia massgrav aten athen agora infanticid spädbarnsgrav rastlösa döda demoner demoner grekland grekiska demoner grekiska vaser barngravar Antikvetenskap
114	First-millennium agriculturist ceramics of the Eastern Cape, South Africa : an investigation into some ways in which artefacts acquire meaning Steele, John 11 1900 (has links) Artefacts acquire/embody migratory meanings according to contexts of raw material manipulation, use, discard and discourse. First-Millennium Agriculturist ceramics and concomitant private and public significances/use values are placed within aspects of a deep past Stone Age history of space and artefact usage in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Some thought paradigms and cultural contexts are examined as having directly influenced discourse, what artefacts were foregrounded, and in which manner writers of southern African prehistory considered them. Thereafter ceramic artefacts and associated technologies are focussed upon as being intimate to personal/ community lifeways and worldviews. Domestic and ceremonial utilityware, figurines and masks, as well as clay usage in homebuilding and metalworking, and urges to apply a mark to malleable clay, or deliberately alter and/or bury ceramic artefacts; are explored as manifestations of medium and usage well suited to regularly reconfigured meanings . / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M.A. (Art History) Artefacts Burials Ceramics Communication Community Death engraving/incising Early Iron Age Eastern Cape South Africa Figurines First-Millennium Agriculturist Gender Grave goods Homestead Kalundu Tradition Lifeways Masks Meaning/significance Prehistory Potters Rites of passage Sculpture Style Technology Thought Use value Utilityware 968.702 East Cape (South Africa) -- Antiquities Iron Age -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
115	First-millennium agriculturist ceramics of the Eastern Cape, South Africa : an investigation into some ways in which artefacts acquire meaning Steele, John 11 1900 (has links) Artefacts acquire/embody migratory meanings according to contexts of raw material manipulation, use, discard and discourse. First-Millennium Agriculturist ceramics and concomitant private and public significances/use values are placed within aspects of a deep past Stone Age history of space and artefact usage in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Some thought paradigms and cultural contexts are examined as having directly influenced discourse, what artefacts were foregrounded, and in which manner writers of southern African prehistory considered them. Thereafter ceramic artefacts and associated technologies are focussed upon as being intimate to personal/ community lifeways and worldviews. Domestic and ceremonial utilityware, figurines and masks, as well as clay usage in homebuilding and metalworking, and urges to apply a mark to malleable clay, or deliberately alter and/or bury ceramic artefacts; are explored as manifestations of medium and usage well suited to regularly reconfigured meanings . / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Art History) Artefacts Burials Ceramics Communication Community Death engraving/incising Early Iron Age Eastern Cape South Africa Figurines First-Millennium Agriculturist Gender Grave goods Homestead Kalundu Tradition Lifeways Masks Meaning/significance Prehistory Potters Rites of passage Sculpture Style Technology Thought Use value Utilityware 968.702 East Cape (South Africa) -- Antiquities Iron Age -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape

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