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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Cognitive representation of challenging behaviour among staff working with adults with learning disabilities : an evaluation of the impact of an open learning training course

Campbell, Martin January 2004 (has links)
This was an investigation into the relationship between quality of care and staff views of, and responses to, challenging behaviour in adults with learning disabilities. Cognitive representations have been identified as a determinant of therapeutic outcomes in a variety of health care settings. There were two main aims of this study. First, to describe and measure the cognitive representations of challenging behaviour among staff working with adults with learning disabilities and second, to evaluate the effects of training on these views held by staff. Existing literature was reviewed. A Likert type questionnaire, the Challenging Behaviour Representation Questionnaire (CBRQ) was developed to record staff views. The CBRQ draws on two existing measures: the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and the Challenging Behaviour Attributions Scale (CHABA). The CBRQ will give a new method of evaluating the staff views most often associated with evidence-based practice, helping behaviours and positive outcomes. Questionnaire items were generated from responses by 300 staff, to assess the applicability of Leventhal's Self Regulatory model in the context of challenging behaviour. The rating scales in the questionnaire were theoretically derived, based on the dimensions of Leventhal's model (identity, cause, consequences, treatment/control, time-line). An 'emotional-reaction' dimension was added, suggested by more recent research. The use of the Leventhal model was supported, with the exception of the 'time line' component. The questionnaire was tested for reliability and validity then administered before and after training to staff in three different groups. Targeted training changed cognitive representation of challenging behaviour overall, as measured by the CBRQ, and this change was statistically significantly in two of the five dimensions for the experimental group. Other results suggest that dimensions of cognitive representation are affected in different and complex ways by training. The statistical and the practical significance of the results are discussed in relation to staff training and therapeutic outcomes for people with learning disabilities. A 'staff-regulatory' model of cognitive representation is proposed linking cognitive representation and challenging behaviour.
32

Simulace přenosu DVB-C2 / Simulation of the DVB-C2 transmission

Chovaneček, Libor January 2011 (has links)
The theme of this thesis is simulation of DVB-C2 transmission. The first part of this thesis is focused mainly on theory, where it describes differences between digital and analog television transmission. The project also explains principle of operation DVB-C and DVB-C2 systems with focus on channel coding a modulation. Application for simulation of DVB-C2 transmission, which is developed in the MATLAB environment is described in the second part. The last part of this thesis includes results of simulations of DVB-C2 transmission and their comparison with measured values of DVB-C transmission.
33

Human Niemann-Pick Type C2 Disease Protein Expression, Purification and Crystallization

Kim, Yurie T. 01 January 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) protein is a soluble protein that binds unesterified cholesterol. The protein helps transport unesterified cholesterol in tandem with the membrane protein Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1). Defects in either of proteins can cause Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC), which results in the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and lipids in the late endosome and lysosome. NPC is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease affecting 0.35~2.20 per 100,000 people. Here we present the structural analysis of the human NPC2 glycoprotein, including expression, purification, functional analysis, homology modeling, and crystallographic studies. Human NPC2 was expressed from baculovirus-infected Trichoplusia ni (Tn5) insect cells. The construct contained a hexahistidine purification epitope tag, and the protein was purified using Nickel affinity column chromatography. The purified protein was used in binding studies with dehydroergosterol (DHE), showing that human NPC2 was functional. Using the structure of bovine NPC2, we made a homology model and mapped the human mutations onto the model. Some modeled proteins, such as the V30M and S67P variants, are unclear as to how they lead to disease, thus a structure of the human protein would be informative. Crystallization screens of human NPC2 were performed and led to crystals with a needle-like morphology, which diffracted to 4Å resolution. The structure of human NPC2 will be useful for understanding the mechanism of cholesterol binding and trafficking in cells, and to better understand the human metabolic disease NPC.
34

Modeling C2 Networks as Dependencies: Understanding What the Real Issues Are

Drabble, Brian January 2014 (has links)
No / This chapter describes an approach to modeling C2 and other types of networks as a series of nodes (people, groups, resources, locations, concepts, etc.). The nodes are linked by one or more weighted arcs describing the type and the strength of the dependency that one node has on another node. This model allows analysts to identify the most important nodes in a network in terms of their direct and indirect dependencies and to rank them accordingly. The same model also supports consequence analysis in which the direct, indirect, cascading, and cumulative effects of changes to node capabilities can be propagated across the networks. The chapter describes the basic modeling technique and two types of dependency propagation that it supports. These are illustrated with two examples involving the modeling and reasoning across insurgent networks and an Integrated Air Defense System. These show how aspects of the networks can be analyzed and targeted. Details are also provided on the mechanisms to link the analysis to a planning system through which plans can be developed to bring about desired effect(s) in the networks.
35

Anti-inflammatorische Wirkung des inositoylierten Plättchen-aktivierenden Faktors (Ino-C2-PAF) in vitro und in vivo / Anti-inflammatory effects of the inositoylated platelet-activating factor (Ino-C2-PAF) in vitro and in vivo

Forkel, Susann 13 December 2016 (has links)
Die Psoriasis ist mit einer Prävalenz von 1-3% eine der häufigsten chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen. Histopathologisch ist sie gekennzeichnet durch epidermale Hyperkeratose und Akanthose, gesteigerte Angiogenese sowie ein gemischtzelliges leukozytäres Infiltrat. Aus aktueller Sicht wird sie als eine komplexe primär T-Zell vermittelte Autoimmunerkrankung mit genetischer Prädisposition verstanden. Psoriasis kann mit kardiovaskulären, metabolischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen assoziiert sein (Komorbidität). Hier wurde erstmals die Wirkung des inositoylierten Plättchen-aktivierenden Faktors (Ino-C2-PAF), eines synthetischen Alkylphospholipids mit geringer Toxizität, in experimentellen Modellen chronisch-entzündlicher (Haut)-Erkrankungen untersucht. Die Wirkung beruht auf Zellmembran-Interaktionen, wodurch der Cholesterol- und Phospholipidmetabolismus verändert und zelluläre Signalkaskaden der Proliferation, Apoptose und Motilität beeinträchtigt werden. Ino-C2- PAF reguliert außerdem entzündungsrelevante Proteine herab. In vitro lag der Schwerpunkt auf der Wirkung von Ino-C2-PAF auf Endothelzellen und Leukozyten. Ino-C2-PAF hemmte die Proliferation humaner Endothelzellen moderat, steigerte allerdings die Apoptose TNFα-stimulierter Endothelzellen sehr deutlich. Diese Wirkung war begleitet von einer Reduktion der durch TNFα stimulierbaren endothelialen Adhäsionsmoleküle VCAM-1, ICAM-1 und E-Selektin sowie der lymphozytären Adhäsionsmoleküle CD49d, CD11a, CD62L und CLA. Funktionell führte dies zu einer signifikanten Abnahme dynamischer Interaktionen (Rollen und feste Adhäsion) von Leukozyten und aktivierten Endothelzellen in Flusskammerexperimenten. Die anti-entzündliche Wirkung von Ino-C2-PAF wurde in zwei komplementären Modellen in vivo bestätigt. Sowohl in K5.hTFGß-transgenen als auch in JunB/c-Jun-defizienten Mäusen bewirkte Ino-C2-PAF eine signifikante Besserung des psoriasiformen Phänotyps sowohl auf makroskopischer als auch auf histopathologischer Ebene. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit legen nahe, dass Ino-C2-PAF oder verwandte Substanzen zur Behandlung entzündlicher Erkrankungen wie der Psoriasis eingesetzt werden könnten.
36

Préparation de synthons dimères de [2]rotaxanes et de lassos et application à la synthèse d'architectures moléculaires entrelacées sophistiquées / Preparation of [2]rotaxane dimer and lasso building-blocks : toward the synthesis of sophisticated interlocked molecular architectures

Waelès, Philip 16 December 2016 (has links)
Parmi les molécules entrelacées, les « muscles moléculaires » et les lassos occupent une place de choix due à leur structure singulière qui leur permet d’adopter différentes co-conformations en fonction d’un stimulus externe. En effet, la structure doublement entrelacée dimère de [2]rotaxane permet des états plus ou moins contractés en fonction du « glissement » d’un monomère par rapport à un autre, d’où son appellation muscle moléculaire, par analogie avec les muscles de notre organisme. D’autre part, l’architecture [1]rotaxane peut être comparée à un lasso qui peut se resserrer ou se desserrer en fonction d’un stimulus externe. L’accessibilité à ces synthons entrelacés paraît importante à étudier pour une application plus large de ces structures dans des domaines variés. En particulier, l’intégration de ces synthons dans des structures polymères paraît séduisante à envisager. Aussi, nous proposons dans ce manuscrit différentes voies d’accès efficaces à des synthons dimères de [2]rotaxanes et lassos fonctionnalisés ou activés, dépourvus ou non de sites d’interactions entre les éléments à assembler, et qui peuvent être isolés, soit pour des condensations ultérieures avec des polymères convenablement fonctionnalisés pour la formation de polymères à réseau tridimensionnel, soit utilisés comme monomères pour la synthèse de polymères à propriétés physico-chimiques modulables. Enfin, une application méthodologique de la synthèse de synthon dimère de [2]rotaxane à la formation d’une espèce tetraentrelacée est proposée. Celle-ci combine un agencement dimère de [2]rotaxane avec une architecture [2]rotaxane, dont deux mouvements distincts peuvent être actionnés par machinerie moléculaire. Après une introduction générale bibliographique, mon manuscrit de thèse s’articule autour de trois chapitres. Un premier chapitre concerne la synthèse et l’étude de dimères de rotaxanes symétriques à extrémités fonctionnalisées (i.e. dialcynes et diazotures). Quelques essais préliminaires d’utilisation de ces synthons dans des réactions de réticulation d’un polymère sont présentés. De manière méthodologique, nous avons envisagé la synthèse non-statistique de dimères de [2]rotaxanes dissymétriques (i.e. azoture / alcyne) en jouant sur des interactions supplémentaires entre macrocycles. Le deuxième chapitre concerne une application méthodologique de l’utilisation d’un synthon dimère de [2]rotaxane, décrit dans le premier chapitre, pour la conception et l’étude d’un muscle moléculaire pH-sensible d’architecture tetraentrelacée à trois stations moléculaires différentes (anilinium, ammonium et triazolium). La stratégie de synthèse efficace est basée sur un tri-automatique d’espèces supramoléculaires. La molécule cible, un hétéro[4]rotaxane original, contient deux agencements supramoléculaires distincts au sein d’une même molécule : un dimère de [2]rotaxane comme échafaud, lié à deux extrémités [2]rotaxanes. Enfin, un troisième et dernier chapitre traite de la synthèse d’une brique élémentaire d’architecture lasso pouvant être incorporée dans un polymère polyaminé. À titre d’exemple préliminaire, un [1]rotaxane et un tris-[1]rotaxane ont été synthétisés et étudiés. Une méthode propre au laboratoire et basée sur une stratégie originale utilisant un « transporteur » de macrocycle, permet la synthèse de lassos dénués de sites d’interactions efficaces, qui restent encore actuellement des cibles synthétiques difficiles voire impossibles d’accès. Ainsi, cette nouvelle stratégie de synthèse ouvre de réelles perspectives puisqu’elle permet l’accès généralisé à n’importe quelles structures entrelacées. / Among the interlocked molecules, "molecular muscles" and lassos hold a prominent place result of their singular structure which allows them to adopt stretched and tightened co-conformations in response to an external stimulus. Indeed, the doubly interwoven architecture [2]rotaxane dimer allows more or less contracted states based on the "sliding" of a monomer relative to the other, hence the name molecular muscle, by analogy to the movement observed in the muscles of the human body. On the other hand, the [1]rotaxane architecture may be compared to a lasso, which can tighten or loosen in response to an external stimulus. The accessibility of these interlocked building-blocks seems important to study for a broader application of these structures in various fields. In particular, the integration of these building-blocks in polymer structures is attractive to consider. Also, we propose in this PhD different chemical routes to effective functionalized or activated [2]rotaxanes dimers and lassos building-blocks, devoid or not of interaction site between components to be assembled and which may be isolated, either for subsequent condensation with suitably functionalized polymers with the aim of forming three-dimensional network, or used as monomers for the synthesis of adjustable polymers with tunable physicochemical properties. Finally, a methodological application of the synthesis of a [2]rotaxane dimer building-block in the formation of a tetra-interlocked species is proposed. The chemical architecture combines a [2]rotaxane dimer arrangement with two [2]rotaxane moieties, whose distinct movements may be actuated by molecular machinery. The manuscript begins by a bibliographical general introduction and is followed by three different chapters. One chapter relates on the synthesis and study of symmetrical rotaxane dimers which are functionalized at the extremities of the threads (i.e. dialkyne and diazide). Some preliminary tests using these building-blocks in polymer crosslinking reactions are reported. In a methodological aim, we considered non-statistical synthesis of asymmetrical [2]rotaxanes dimers (i.e. azide / alkyne) by adjusting additional interactions between macrocycles. The second chapter relates to a methodological application of the use of [2]rotaxane dimer building-block for the design and study of a tetra-interlocked pH-sensitive molecular muscle including three molecular stations (anilinium, ammonium and triazolium). The efficient synthetic strategy is based on a self-sorting of supramolecular species. The targeted molecule, an original hetero[4]rotaxane, contains two distinct supramolecular arrangements in the same molecule: a [2]rotaxane dimer as the scaffold linked to two [2]rotaxane ends. Finally, a third and last chapter deals with the synthesis of a lasso building-block molecular architecture that can be incorporated into a polyamine compound. As a preliminary example, triazolium-based mono- and tris-branched [1]rotaxanes were synthesized and studied. A peculiar method of the laboratory and based on a strategy using a “transporter” of macrocycle, allows the synthesis of lassos devoid of any efficient template, which are still currently difficult or impossible synthetic targets. Thus, the new synthetic strategy open avenues to the wide access of any interlocked structures.
37

A Comparative Case Study on How the Swedish and British Armed Forces Use Multi Domains in Aspects of Methods, Technology, and Organization / En jämförande fallstudie om hur den svenska och brittiska Försvarsmakten använder multidomänbegreppet i form av metoder, teknologi och organisation

Keyvanpour, Daniel January 2022 (has links)
The multi-domain operations are vaguely defined and there are a variety of interpretations. In general terms, multi-domain can be described as a means of communication between different joint forces such as land, water, air, cyber, and space. In multi-domain operations, the focus is on how those domains can integrate using technologies, methods, and planning.  By interviewing individuals with long experience in both the British and Swedish Armed Forces and conducting a literature study, the focus has been on understanding how multi-domain operations as a concept are understood, interpreted, and implemented in the respective nation’s operations today regarding the technology and organizational structure.   The results were compared with frameworks such as Federated Mission Networking (FMN) and Level of Information Systems Interoperability (LISI). The analysis shows that both the Swedish and British Armed Forces need greater interoperability. In order to have a better ability to cooperate within their forces, a more agile approach to the organization is needed that takes advantage of information and communication technologies. This can be achieved by managing different protocols through the different layers and models and by introducing a cloud service that functions as a cloud service function where the information flow is fast and easily accessible, independent of the domain.
38

Den smarta kartan : En teoretisk diskussion om geografiskt informationssystem i ledningssystem

Brorson, Johan January 2011 (has links)
Den pågående utvecklingen med informationssystem och den ökade tillgången till information via dessa system ökar kraven på den militära personalen att hantera denna stora mängd information. Information om aktörer i ett stridsområde samt den terräng aktörerna befinner sig i är en förutsättning för att genomföra militära operationer. Som följd av denna informationsmängd behöver informationssystemen utvecklas för att kunna ge bättre beslutsunderlag. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken militär nytta man skulle kunna uppnå med ett geografiskt informationssystem (GIS) för beslutsfattarna i en militär insats. Dessutom skall uppsatsen undersöka hur ett GIS bör vara utformat för att stödja personalen med beslutsfattande. Undersökningen sker genom både komparativ litteraturstudie och beskrivning av teorier och metoder. Resultatet pekar på att GIS bör kunna bidra till den militära nyttan med att möjliggöra ett informationsöverläge gentemot en motståndare. Vidare pekar resultaten på att rätt design på GIS underlättar för användaren men att det ändå krävs utbildning för att nyttja GIS fullt ut. / The ongoing development of information systems and the increased availability of information through these systems increase the demands on the military personnel to handle this large amount of information. Information on participants in a battle area and the terrain actors find themselves is a prerequisite to conduct military operations. As a result of all this increased informa-tion the information systems needs to developed to provide a better basis for deci-sions. The purpose of this paper is to examine which military benefit could be achieved with a geographic information system (GIS) for decision makers in a military opera-tion. In addition, the paper will investigate how a GIS should be designed to support staff with decision making. The survey is done by both comparative literature and description of theories and methods. The results indicate that GIS should be able to contribute to the military benefit to enable information superiority over an adversary. Furthermore, the results show that the correct design of GIS makes it easier for the user but it still requires training to use GIS in full.
39

Caractérisation fonctionnelle des protéines AdcB et AdcC, deux membres du clan arrestine de l'amibe sociale Dictyostelium discoideum / Functional characterization of AdcB and AdcC, two arrestin-related proteins of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

Mas, Lauriane 04 May 2017 (has links)
Les protéines de la membrane plasmique jouent un rôle fondamental dans la détection des informations véhiculées par le milieu extracellulaire et l’adaptation des cellules aux variations de l’environnement. Elles font l’objet d’une régulation fine qui permet de moduler leur présence à la membrane et de contrôler les voies de signalisation en aval. Dans ce contexte, les arrestines qui constituent une superfamille de protéines adaptatrices, se sont imposées comme des régulateurs clés depuis la découverte des β-arrestines et arrestines visuelles, spécifiques des eucaryotes supérieurs, et de leur rôle dans la régulation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G hétéro-trimériques, jusqu’à l’identification plus récente de nouveaux membres apparentés, présents des mammifères jusqu’aux protistes, et partageant un rôle commun de régulation de cargos membranaires. Ce travail de thèse porte sur la caractérisation fonctionnelle de deux représentants du clan arrestine de l’amibe Dictyostelium discoideum, les protéines AdcB et AdcC. Ces deux protéines partagent une même organisation multimodulaire, spécifique aux Dictyostélides, qui associe au cœur arrestine, un domaine putatif C2 de type calcium-binding et deux modules SAMs, respectivement aux extrémités N- et C-terminales des protéines. Nous avons établi que ces domaines apportent des fonctions spécifiques à ces arrestines en leur conférant la capacité de lier des lipides anioniques in vitro en réponse au calcium à travers leur module C2, et de former des structures homo- et hétéro-oligomériques via leurs domaines SAMs. En dépit de ces similarités, AdcB et AdcC présentent un comportement différent in cellulo dans la mesure où seul AdcC transloque à la membrane plasmique en réponse à une élévation du calcium cytosolique, provoquée par la stimulation des cellules par les chimioattractants AMPc et acide folique ou le calcium lui-même. Ces résultats ont été complétés par une étude phénotypique des mutants invalidés pour ces arrestines et la recherche de partenaires qui ouvrent des pistes pour des études futures. / Integral proteins of the plasma membrane play a major role in the detection of environmental cues and in the adaptation of cells to variations of their environment. Regulatory mechanisms modulate their presence at the cell surface and control the signaling cascades activated in response to their stimulation. In this context, members of the arrestin revealed to be key regulators, since the discovery of β- and visual arrestins and their well-described role in the regulation of G-protein coupled receptors in complex organisms, and the more recent identification of arrestin-related proteins, present from mammals to protists and sharing functions in membrane cargo trafficking. This work aims at the functional characterization of two arrestin-related proteins of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, the AdcB and AdcC proteins. These two members of the arrestin clan share a similar multimodular organization, specific to Dictyostelids, with a putative N-terminal calcium-binding type C2 domain and two C-terminal SAM domains surrounding the arrestin module. We showed that the C2 domain confers calcium-dependent binding properties to anionic lipids in vitro and that the SAM domains allow the self-association and hetero-interaction of the two proteins in complexes of high molecular weight. Despite these similarities, AdcB and AdcC harbor a distinct behavior in vivo as only AdcC translocates to the plasma membrane in response to an intracellular calcium rise triggered by the chemoattractants acid folic and cAMP or extracellular calcium. In parallel, a phenotypic characterization of adcB and adcC single or double null mutants and a search for partners were conducted, that open new avenues for future research on these adaptor proteins.
40

Caractérisation biochimique des phospholipases D et de leurs domaines fonctionnels : nouvelle méthode de mesure de l’activité phospholipase D / Biochemical characterization of phospholipases D and their functional domains : novel method for measuring phospholipase D activities.

Rahier-Corticchiato, Renaud 14 December 2016 (has links)
La phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyse les phospholipides membranaires en libérant leur tête polaire afin de générer l'acide phosphatidique (PA), impliqué dans la signalisation cellulaire. Pour comprendre les propriétés biochimiques des PLDs, les travaux présentés ont été réalisés autour de deux axes. Le premier axe concerne l'expression recombinante et la purification de la PLDa d'Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPLDa) dans la levure Pichia pastoris. La détermination de la séquence N-terminale a révélé que l'AtPLDa est amputée de ses 35 premiers résidus, suggérant ainsi la participation d'un mécanisme de maturation. Cependant, la région N-terminale des PLDs de plantes est homologue au domaine C2, impliqué dans leur interaction Ca2+-dépendante avec la membrane. Afin d'évaluer l'impact d'un tel clivage, les domaines C2 de l'AtPLDa mais également de l'AtPLDß, à titre de comparaison, ont été étudiés sous leur forme entière ou mature. Ainsi, la caractérisation de leur affinité pour les phospholipides, associée à leur modélisation tridimensionnelle, ont permis de démontrer que les différences de régulation par le Ca2+, observées entre les formes entières et mature, provenait de la présence d'une hélice a amphipathique, retirée lors du processus de maturation. Le second axe concerne le développement d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure des activités PLD via le dosage de manière direct, spécifique et continu du PA grâce à la propriété d'amplification de fluorescence par chélation de la 8-hydroxyquinoléine, en présence de Ca2+. Ainsi, ce test apparait adapté pour le suivi de l'inhibition des PLDs et pour l'étude de leur spécificité de substrat, en utilisant des phospholipides naturels avec différentes tête polaires, et à l'échelle d'une microplaque / Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses membrane phospholipids, leading to the formation of free polar headgroup and phosphatidic acid releasing, involved in cell signaling. To understand the biochemical properties of PLDs, this work has been made around two axes. The one first concerns the recombinant expression and purification of the PLDa of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPLDa) in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The N-terminal sequence of the recombinant AtPLDa has been determined and found to lack its first 35 amino acids, suggesting the involvement of a maturing mechanism. However, plant PLDs exhibit a C2-lipid binding domain at their N-terminal region, which is involved in their Ca2+-dependent membrane targeting. Thus, to assess the impact of such a cleavage, whole and mature-like C2 domains of AtPLDa, as well as of AtPLDß, for the sake of comparison were studied. Thus, the characterization of their affinity for phospholipids, combined with their three-dimensional modeling have demonstrated that the differences observed in their regulation by Ca2+, observed between whole and mature-like forms, originated from the presence of a N-terminus amphipathic a helix, removed during the maturation process. The second axis concerns the development of a novel PLD assay that measure PA in a direct, specific and continuous manner, using the chelation enhanced fluorescence property of 8-hydroxyquinoline in the presence of Ca2+. Thus, this assay appears suitable for monitoring both the inhibition of PLDs as well as their substrate specificity, using natural phospholipids with different polar headgroups, and at a microplate scale

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