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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Estudos computacionais e experimentais da permeabilidade celular de candidatos a fármacos / Computational and experimental studies of the cellular permeability of drug candidates

Karina Silvia Matos 09 March 2017 (has links)
A absorção intestinal de fármacos (HIA, na sigla em inglês para human intestinal absorption) é um dos processos farmacocinéticos mais críticos para a ação de medicamentos administrados por via oral. Modelos in vitro baseados em células que mimetizam os enterócitos do intestino humano (células Caco-2), ou aqueles que utilizam membranas articifiais são muito utilizados no estudo da permeabilidade celular de moléculas bioativas. No processo de planejamento de fármacos, estas técnicas são frequentemente empregadas em paralelo com estratégias computacionais na avaliação de propriedades físico-químicas e farmacocinéticas. Nessa tese de doutorado foram desenvolvidos modelos computacionais para a predição da permeabilidade celular de compostos bioativos em células Caco-2 e em membrana artificial paralela (PAMPA, na sigla em inglês para Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay). Os modelos foram gerados através do método baseado em fragmentos moleculares holograma QSAR (HQSAR). Os indicadores estatísticos obtidos indicam a boa capacidade de correlação dos modelos Caco-2 e PAMPA para os dados utilizados na modelagem e o alto poder de predição destes modelos para a permeabilidade de um conjunto teste de compostos. Adicionalmente, os modelos foram avaliados quanto a sua capacidade preditiva frente a dois conjuntos de validação, constituídos por novas moléculas que foram planejadas e testadas experimentalmente durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Para estes conjuntos, os modelos demonstraram alta capacidade de predição da permebildade tanto em células Caco-2 quanto em ensaios PAMPA. O processo de validação experimental foi essencial para a confirmação da robustez dos modelos desenvolvidos, que serão incorporados à base de dados de propriedades farmacocinéticas PK/DB (http://www.pkdb.ifsc.usp.br/), contribuindo desta forma para o seu aprimoramento. Os métodos computacionais e experimentais utilizados neste projeto permitiram o desenvolvimento de ferramentas úteis para a avaliação da absorção de fármacos administrados por via oral e para o planejamento de moléculas bioativas com propriedades farmacocinéticas otimizadas. / Human intestinal absorption is a critical pharmacokinetics-related parameter for orally given drugs. In vitro models based on Caco-2 cells, which mimetize enterocytes, or those based on the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) are broadly used in permeability studies of bioactive molecules. In drug discovery projects, these techniques are simultaneously used with computational methods to evaluate physico-chemical and pharmacokinetics properties. In this study, computational models to predict the cellular permeability of bioactive compounds in Caco-2 cells and in PAMPA assays were developed. The models were constructed by using the fragment-based method Hologram Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (HQSAR). The obtained statistical indexes indicated the suitable correlation ability of the Caco-2 and PAMPA models for the employed data set, and the high predictive power for selected test set compounds. In addition, the HQSAR models were evaluated regarding their predictive ability against two validation sets, which are comprised by novel molecules that were designed and experimentally tested during this study. For these compounds, both the Caco-2 and PAMPA models demonstrated high predictive power. The process of experimental validation was an essential step for confirming the robustness of the developed models, which will be incorporated into the database of pharmacokinetic properties PK/DB (http://www.pkdb.ifsc.usp.br/), thus contributing to its improvement. The developed HQSAR models will be incorporated to the PK/DB pharmacokinetics database (http://www.pkdb.ifsc.usp.br/), thus contributing to its improvement. The molecular modeling and experimental methods employed in this study allowed for the development o robust tools for evaluating intestinal drug absorption and for the design of bioactive molecules with improved pharmacokinetics profiles.
52

Padronização de novo método ex vivo para avaliação da permeabilidade intestinal de fármacos utilizando epitélio intestinal de rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana): comparação com células Caco-2 / Standardization of new ex vivo method to assess intestinal permeability of drugs using intestinal epithelium of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana): comparison with Caco-2 cells

Paula Cristina Torres de Souza 07 August 2014 (has links)
Métodos in vitro utilizando epitélio intestinal animal são importantes ferramentas para avaliar a permeabilidade de fármacos, propriedade que é um importante parâmetro de biodiosponibilidade. Considerando que o maior objetivo na indústria farmacêutica é desenvolver novos fármacos com boa biodisponibilidade oral, o projeto teve como objetivo padronizar o modelo de permeação com membrana de intestino de rã (Rana catesbeiana) em células de Franz, comparando seus resultados com ensaios de células Caco-2. Os fármacos modelo utilizados foram os antivirais zidovudina e aciclovir. A quantidade de fármaco permeado foi determinada por método de eletroforese capilar para o método com intestino de rã touro e por HPLC-UV para os ensaios com células Caco-2. O parâmetro de permeação foi o coeficiente de permeabilidade aparente (Papp) dos fármacos para ambos modelos experimentais. Para estabelecimento do protocolo experimental dos estudos de permeabilidade intestinal de rã, foi proposto um projeto fracionado 24-1 com 4 ensaios adicionais usando o software Minitab, e as variáveis foram: secção intestinal, pH da solução de Ringer e temperatura. A análise do planejamento experimental feita pela estimativa dos parâmetros da regressão obtidos através dos resultados do modelo fatorial possibilitou a determinação dos coeficientes da equação matemática que definiu a influência das variáveis sobre o coeficiente de permeabilidade aparente dos fármacos. Os efeitos das variáveis pH e temperatura interpretados conjuntamente apresentaram interferência leve, porém as variáveis fármaco e secção intestinal interpretados juntos tiveram interferência importante, mostrando maior permeação dos fármacos através da secção inicial do intestino da rã. Os resultados de Papp foram: para o metoprolol, pelo método das células Caco-2 foi de 28 x 10-6 cm/s, valor que está de acordo com demais dados de células Caco-2 na literatura e o valor obtido com células de Franz que mais se adequada a estes resultados e demais disponíveis provenientes de outras técnicas na literatura, foi de 28,1 x 10-6 cm/s, em uma das condições do planejamento estatístico utilizando segmento final da membrana epitelial da rã. No caso do aciclovir, o resultado de Papp de 0,48 x 10-6 cm/s também obtido em uma das condições envolvendo segmento intestinal final da rã foi exatamente igual a o valor 0,48 x 10 - 6 cm/s, encontrado com células Caco-2 no presente estudo e estão de acordo com outros valores disponíveis na literatura por Trapani e colaboradores, 2004 e também com células Caco-2. Para zidovudina o valor de Papp obtido em uma das condições utilizando segmento intestinal inicial da rã, de 13 x 10-6 cm/s, foi a que mais se assemelhou ao obtido pela técnica de células Caco-2, 13,6 x 10-6 cm/s, e também está de acordo com demais dados da literatura. / There are lots of different in vitro technics in the literature using animal intestinal epithelium to estimate permeability of drugs, property that is an important parameter of bioavailabity. Considering that the main objective of Pharmaceutical Companies is the development of new drugs with good oral bioavailabity, the aim of this work was to standardize the permeability of antivirals using in vitro/ex vivo method of intestinal epithelium of Rana catesbeiana in Franz cells and compare these results to those obtained from studies using Caco-2 cells. Zidovudine and Acyclovir were selected as model drugs. The amount of drug permeated will be determined by the method of capillary electrophoresis for assays using Rana Catesbeiana and HPLC-UV for studies with Caco-2 cells. The permeation parameter determined was the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of drugs for both experimental models. To establish the experimental protocol to studies of intestinal permeability of frog, it was proposed a fractional 24-1 design with 4 additional tests using Minitab software and the variables were: intestinal section, pH of Ringer solution and temperature. The analysis of the experimental design made by the estimate of the regression parameters obtained from the factorial model results allowed the determination of the coefficients of the mathematical equation that defines the influence of the variables on the apparent permeability coefficient of acyclovir and zidovudine. The effects of pH and temperature interpreted jointly presented a slight interference, but the variables drug and intes tinal section interpreted together had major interference, showing greater permeation of drugs through the initial section of the intestine of the frog . The results of Papp were: for metoprolol, with the method of Caco-2 cells was 28 x 10-6 cm/s, a value which is consistent with other data of Caco-2 cells provided in the literature and the condition obtained with Franz cells that are most suitable for these and other results obtained from other techniques available in the literature, was 28.1 x 10-6 cm/s, provided with the final intestinal segment using frog epithelial membrane. In the case of acyclovir, the result of Papp of 0.48 x 10-6 cm/s obtained in one condition with final frog intestinal segment was exactly equal to the value of 0.48 x 10-6 cm/s, found with Caco-2 cells in the present study and are in agreement with other values available in the literature for Trapani and colegues, 2004 and also with Caco-2 cells. The Papp value for zidovudine obtained with the initial gut segment of frog, 13 x 10-6 cm /s was which more resembled that obtained by the technique of Caco-2 cells, 13.6 x 10-6 cm/s and is also consistent with other literature data.
53

Padronização das condições para cultura de células Caco-2 visando à obtenção de membranas viáveis ao estudo da permeabilidade in vitro da rifampicina / Standardization of culture Caco-2 cells conditions to obtain viable membranes to study the in vitro permeability of rifampicin

José Eduardo Gonçalves 29 April 2010 (has links)
A permeabilidade através do epitélio intestinal tem se tornado um importante aspecto a ser determinado nas avaliações biofarmacotécnicas envolvendo fármacos e medicamentos. A técnica mais empregada para essa determinação in vitro é aquela que utiliza a cultura de células Caco-2. Entretanto, ainda são discutíveis as condições para a realização desses experimentos, uma vez que a padronização das mesmas é fator fundamental para a confiabilidade dos resultados. Nesta tese, foram avaliadas as condições para realização dos estudos de permeabilidade através de membranas de células Caco-2 para a rifampicina, principal fármaco utilizado no tratamento da tuberculose. Para tanto, foram investigados fatores tais como a citotoxicidade da rifampicina em diferentes concentrações, a influência da concentração do fármaco sobre a permeabilidade, do pH de realização dos experimentos e da presença de proteínas do muco intestinal, além da influência de proteínas plasmáticas. Foi também investigado o potencial indutor da rifampicina sobre a expressão da glicoproteína-P (Pgp) e seu impacto na permeabilidade da própria rifampicina. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos utilizando membranas de células Caco-2 provenientes da American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) cultivadas em placas Transwel®, a quantificação da fração permeada foi por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com métodos validados. A análise da indução da expressão da Pgp foi realizada por PCR-RT. Demonstrou-se que as concentrações da rifampicina (10,0; 25,0 e 50,0 µg/mL) não ocasionaram danos às células Caco-2 no estudo de citotoxicidade pela técnica que emprega o sal do brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetil-2-tiazoli)-2,5-difenil-2H-tetrazólio (MTT). As concentrações de rifampicina (5,0; 10,0 e 25,0 µg/mL) não resultaram em valores estatisticamente diferentes de permeabilidade aparente (Papp) em células Caco-2 nas condições do estudo. A rifampicina apresentou valor de Papp significativamente maior em pH 6,8 dentre os valores de pH avaliados (5,8 ; 6,8; 7,4). A presença de muco simulado e de soro fetal bovino não resultou em valores de permeabilidade significativamente distintos do resultado obtido sem a sua adição ao experimento. A expressão da Pgp em células Caco-2 é induzida pela adição da rifampicina (10µg/mL), ocasionando diminuição da sua permeabilidade por mecanismo de efluxo. Pelos resultados de permeabilidade obtidos em todas as condições avaliadas, a rifampicina pode ser considerada um fármaco de alta permeabilidade de acordo com o Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica. / The permeability through the intestinal epithelium has become an important aspect to be determined in evaluations involving drugs and pharmaceutical products. The most common technique for this determination in vitro is one that uses the culture of Caco-2 cells. Nevertheless, the conditions for carrying out such experiments are still questionable, since the standardization of them is essential to the reliability of the results. In this thesis, we evaluate the conditions for the studies of permeability of rifampicin through membranes of Caco-2 cells, the main drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. To this end, we examined factors such as cytotoxicity of rifampicin at different concentrations, the influence of drug concentration on the permeability, as well as the pH of the experiments, the presence of proteins of intestinal mucus, and the influence of plasma proteins. It was also investigated the potential of rifampicin on the expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and its impact on the permeability of rifampicin itself. The studies were developed using membranes of Caco-2 cells from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) grown on plates Transwel®, and the quantification of the fraction of drug permeated was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with validated methods. The analysis of induction of expression of Pgp was performed by RT-PCR. It was demonstrated that the concentrations of rifampicin (10,0; 25,0 and 50,0 µg/mL) did not cause damage to Caco-2 cells in the study of the cytotoxicity technique that uses a bromide salt of 3 - (4,5-dimethyl-2 - thiazol) -2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT). The concentrations of rifampicin (5,0; 10,0 and 25,0 &#181g/mL) did not result in statistically different values of apparent permeability (Papp) in Caco-2 cells under the conditions of the study. Rifampicin showed a value of Papp significantly higher at pH 6.8 in comparison with other measured pH values (5,8 and 7,4). The presence of mucus simulated and fetal calf serum did not result in permeability values significantly different from the result obtained without its addition to the experiment. The expression of P-gp in Caco-2 cells is induced by the addition of rifampicin (10 µg/ml), decreasing its permeability by efflux mechanism. Taking into account the results of permeability obtained in all conditions, the rifampicin can be considered a high permeability drug according to the biopharmaceutical classification system.
54

Efeito da atorvastatina sobre a atividade funcional e expressão de transportadores de membrana do tipo ABC e SLC / Effect of atorvastatin on the activity and expression of ABC and SLC membrane transporters.

Alice Cristina Rodrigues 12 September 2008 (has links)
Os transportadores de membrana do tipo ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) e solute carriers (SLC) regulam a homeostase intracelular de fármacos, modificando a biodisponibilidade e possivelmente a eficácia terapêutica. A variabilidade na resposta a hipolipemiantes, como as vastatinas, tem sido associada a vários fatores genéticos e ambientais. Com a finalidade de avaliarmos os mecanismos de regulação da expressão dos transportadores pela atorvastatina, a expressão de RNAm de transportadores ABC (ABCB1, ABCG2 e ABCC2) e SLC (SLCO1B1, SLCO2B1 e SLC22A1) foi avaliada por RT-PCRq em células mononucleares do sangue periférico (CMSP) de 18 indivíduos normolipidêmicos (NL) e 22 pacientes hipercolesterolêmicos (HC) tratados com atorvastatina (10mg/dia/4 semanas). A possível associação entre o polimorfismo ABCB1 C3435T e a expressão de RNAm também foi avaliada. Os estudos in vitro foram realizados com as células das linhagens HepG2 e Caco-2. Foram avaliados os efeitos da atorvastatina na ativação de fatores de transcrição (NF-kappaB, NF-Y, c-jun, SP-1 e PXR) por ensaio de mobilidade eletroforética retardada em gel de poliacrilamida (EMSA) e na meia-vida do RNAm do gene ABCB1 por RT-PCRq, e a expressão e atividade funcional da proteína ABCB1 por Western blot, imunohistoquimica e citometria de fluxo. A proteina ABCB1 foi localizada por imunohistoquimica na membrana apical do canalículo biliar das celulas HepG2 e na membrana apical das Caco-2. O tratamento das células HepG2 com atorvastatina causou redução da expressão de RNAm do gene ABCB1 e aumento na expressão dos genes ABCG2 e ABCC2. Esses efeitos foram dose e tempo dependentes. O tratamento com atorvastatina das células Caco-2 não modificou a expressão dos transportadores de efluxo após 30 a 120 min. Nas células HepG2, as concentrações de 10 e 20 M de atorvastatina causaram diminuição da expressão de ABCB1 (0 &#181;M: 1,00 ± 0,06; 10 &#181;M: 0,69 ± 0,25, p< 0,05; 20 &#181;M: 0,69 ± 0,06, p< 0,05). A atividade da ABCB1, avaliada pelo efluxo de Rh123, mostrou-se estar reduzida em 41% nas células HepG2, após tratamento com atorvastatina 20 &#181;M. Embora a diminuição da expressão do ABCB1 não tenha sido decorrente de uma menor ativação transcricional, avaliada indiretamente por EMSA, estudos de mecanismos de regulação pós-transcricionais, revelaram que a atorvastatina diminui a estabilidade de RNAm do gene ABCB1. Esse resultado parece estar de acordo com o ocorrido nas CMSP, já que o tratamento com atorvastatina diminuiu a expressão de RNAm do gene ABCB1 nos indivíduos HC. Essa modulação, no entanto não está associada à presença do polimorfismo ABCB1 C3435T. Em relação aos transportadores de captação, a expressão do SLC22A1 nas células Caco-2 diminui após tratamento com atorvastatina por 30 min e não foi modificada nas células HepG2. Já o gene SLCO2B1 encontrou-se muito aumentado após 24 h de tratamento nas células HepG2. Estudos in vivo nas CMSP, mostrou que a expressão de mRNA basal dos transportadores nos HC foi 10 vezes maior que nos NL e diminuiu após tratamento com atorvastatina nos HC. Com os resultados obtidos podemos sugerir que diferenças no efeito da atorvastatina nos tipos celulares podem ser em decorrência da expressão tecido-específica de fatores de transcrição. No modelo de hepatócito, HepG2, a atorvastatina é um inibidor do transporte mediado pela ABCB1 e é capaz de diminuir a síntese e a função da ABCB1, via aumento da degradação de RNAm do gene ABCB1. Em conseqüência ocorre uma redução do efluxo pelo sistema biliar, causando aumento da concentração intracelular. Ainda, podemos concluir que em CMSP o colesterol pode ser o responsável pela modulação dos genes dos transportadores de membrana e que isso pode implicar em diferenças na eficácia da atorvastatina. / Specific membrane transporters have a significant impact on drug absorption and disposition. Most of them belong to two super-families, ABC (ATP-binding cassette) and SLC (solute-linked carrier). Statins are important therapeutic agents in the management of hypercholesterolemia, and considerable inter-individual variation exists in response to its therapy. The effects of atorvastatin expression of efflux (ABCG2 and ABCC2) and uptake (SLCO1B1, SLCO2B1 and SLC22A1) drug transporters were investigated by qPCR in Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of eighteen normolipidemic (NL) and twenty two hypercholesterolemic (HC) individuals treated with atorvastatin (10mg/day/4 weeks). The possible involvement of ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism in ABCB1 mRNA expression was also evaluated. In vitro studies with the cell lines HepG2 and Caco-2 were also performed. The effect of atorvastatin on the activation of the promoter of ABCB1 by transcription factors (NF-kappaB, NF-Y, c-jun, SP-1, and PXR) was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and ABCB1 mRNA half-life were measured by PCRq. The expression and functional activity of ABCB1 were investigated by Western blot, imunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Immunohystochemical analysis revealed that ABCB1 is located at the apical membrane of the bile canaliculi in HepG2, and in apical membrane of Caco-2 cells. Atorvastatin treatment of HepG2 cells caused a decreased in ABCB1 and an increase in ABCC2 and ABCG2 transcript levels. These effects were time and dose-dependent. Treatment of Caco-2 cells did not present any differences in efflux transporters mRNA levels. Treatment of HepG2 cells with 10 and 20 M atorvastatin caused a reduction on ABCB1 expression (0 &#181;M: 1,00 ± 0,06; 10 &#181;M: 0,69 ± 0,25, p< 0,05; 20 &#181;M: 0,69 ± 0,06, p< 0,05), and a 41% decrease in ABCB1-mediated efflux of Rhodamine123 (p < 0.01). Although reduced ABCB1 mRNA expression was not due to any repressor protein suppressing ABCB1 promoter activation, mRNA stability studies revealed that mRNA stability of ABCB1 was markedly decreased by atorvastatin treatment (2h versus 7h for control). In agrrement with these results, in PBMCs of HC individuals, atorvastatin treatment also reduced ABCB1 mRNA expression. However, the down-regulation was not associated with the presence of 3435T allele. For the uptake transporters, atorvastatin decreased SLC22A1 transcript levels after 30min-treatment and it was not regulated in HepG2. On the other hand, SLCO2B1 was up-regulated after 24h-treatment of HepG2 cells. In vivo studies with PBMCs revealed that during hypercholesterolemia all the drug transporters analyzed were increased almost 10-fold (p< 0.05), and after atorvastatin therapy the efflux and uptake transporters transcript levels were all down-regulated. These findings suggest that atorvastatin exhibits differential effects on mRNA expression of drug transporters depending on the cell type, which may be related to tissue-specific expression of transcription factors. Atorvastatin leads to decreased ABCB1 function and synthesis in HepG2 cells by increasing degradation of ABCB1 mRNA. Therefore, inhibition of ABCB1 may reduce atorvastatin elimination via bile, increasing its cellular concentrations. We also may suggest that in PBMCs cholesterol modulates mRNA expression of drug transporters, and this may contribute to the variability of response to atorvastatin.
55

Biodisponibilité nutritionnelle de systèmes colloïdaux riches en acides gras polyinsaturés : études in vivo et in vitro / Nutritional bioavailability of polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich colloidal systems : in vivo and in vitro studies

Couedelo, Leslie 14 November 2011 (has links)
Les derniers apports nutritionnels conseillés recommandent une consommation plus importante en acides gras polyinsaturés de la série n-3 que celle actuellement constatée dans l’alimentation française. Dans ce contexte, il convenait d’appréhender les facteurs susceptibles de moduler l’absorption et le devenir de leur chef de file, l’ALA, en faisant appel à deux approches, l’une in vivo (rat), l’autre in vitro (Caco-2). L’étude relative au devenir métabolique de l’ALA, selon sa forme physique et chimique de présentation, a été réalisée avec des lipides « modèles » (TAG structurés) ou naturels (huile de lin) riches en ALA, et selon différents systèmes lipidiques (huile en phase continue ou en émulsion de type huile dans eau et de composition en phospholipides variables). Les résultats obtenus in vivo et in vitro à l’égard de l’huile de lin (émulsionnée ou non) montrent que l’émulsification accélère non seulement le passage intestinal de l’ALA mais améliore également sa concentration lymphatique. L’étude cellulaire a par ailleurs démontré que la présence de lysophospholipides dans les micelles mixtes permet d’améliorer la sécrétion de l’ALA dans les lipoprotéines. D’autre part, le devenir métabolique de l’ALA dépend de sa régiolocalisation sur le triglycéride alimentaire. En effet, les résultats de l’étude faisant appel aux TAG structurés montrent que la position interne n’est que partiellement conservée dans la lymphe, suggérant qu’une hydrolyse des 2-MAG serait opérée par une MG lipase. En conséquence, l’ensemble des résultats obtenus lors de cette étude montre que l’absorption et le transport de l’ALA seraient uniquement modulés selon la forme physique de l’acide gras alors que son devenir et son utilisation métabolique dépendraient de sa régiolocalisation sur le TAG alimentaire. Ces deux facteurs réunis permettraient dés lors de prévenir l’ALA d’une β-oxydation précoce, en vue de favoriser son élongation en dérivés supérieurs dans les tissus cibles. / The last recommended nutrient intakes advise a higher consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids series than currently found in French diet. In this context, it was appropriate to apprehend the factors that could modulate the absorption and fate of their leader, ALA, using two approaches, one in vivo (rat), the other one in vitro (Caco-2). The study on the metabolic fate of ALA, according to its physical and chemical submission form, was conducted with "models" lipids (structured TAG) or natural (flaxseed oil) rich in ALA, and according to different lipid systems (oil in continuous phase or in emulsion type oil in water and with variable phospholipid composition). Results obtained in vivo and in vitro for flaxseed oil (emulsion or not) show that emulsification enhances the recovery of ALA at the intestinal level but also improves its lymphatic concentration. The cell study also demonstrated that the presence of lysophospholipids in mixed micelles can improve the secretion of ALA in lipoproteins. On the other hand, the metabolic fate of ALA depends on its location on the glycerol backbone of the dietary triglyceride. The results of the study using structured TAG show that the internal position is partially preserved in lymph, suggesting that a hydrolysis of 2 - MAG by MG lipase could occur. Accordingly, all of the results obtained in this study shows that the absorption and transport of ALA would only be modulated according to the physical form of the fatty acid while its fate and its metabolic use would depend on its location on the dietary TAG. These two factors combined would then allow preventing the early β-oxidation of ALA in order to promote its elongation in higher derivatives in the target tissues.
56

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle uptake across the isolated perfused intestine of rainbow trout : physiological mechanisms and a comparison with Caco-2 cells

Al-Jubory, Aliaa Rasheed January 2013 (has links)
The wide use of nanoscale materials in food and health care products raises the concern of their possible uptake across the gastrointestinal tract, but very limited data are available on their uptake kinetics, and the potential hazards for humans. In this study, the uptake mechanism of titanium dioxide (TiO2) across the isolated perfused fish intestine and human intestinal Caco-2 cells were evaluated. The in vitro preparation of the whole gut sac and the isolated perfused intestine of rainbow trout were performed using both bulk and nano TiO2 in a concentration of 1 mg l-1 for up to 4 h. The results showed that the Ti from both bulk and TiO2 NPs were mainly accumulated in the mid and hind intestine, with 80% or more of the accumulation in the mucosa rather than the underlying muscularis. Perfused intestines showed a saturable, time-dependent accumulation of the Ti from TiO2 and the uptake of Ti from exposure to NPs was faster than that of the bulk form. The uptake of Ti from exposure to TiO2 NPs increases 10 fold when the CO2 in the gas mixture was lowered to 0.5%. Subsequently, further investigation on the mechanisms of uptake of TiO2 was applied using different kinds of inhibitors. Adding 10 mmol l-1 cyanide did not stop Ti uptake from TiO2 exposures, and 100 µmol l-1 vanadate (ATPase inhibitor) caused a 2.8 fold reduction in the net uptake rate of Ti for the TiO2 NP exposure. Luminal additions of 120 IU ml-1 nystatin (endocytosis inhibitor) blocked the uptake of Ti from both bulk and TiO2 NPs treatments. The results indicate that Ti accumulation from TiO2 exposures was sensitive to both nystatin and vanadate; the former suggesting that there is an endocytosis involvement in the uptake of TiO2 across the intestinal epithelium. Human intestinal Caco-2 cell showed a steady, saturable and time-dependent accumulation of Ti over 24 h exposures to 1 mg l-1 TiO2 (for all forms of TiO2). A scanning electron microscope study indicated the appearance of the particles underneath the cells, increasing the evidence of the Ti uptake from different forms of TiO2 by Caco-2 cells. Both nystatin and vanadate increase the accumulation of TiO2 which suggests interference of these drugs with endocytic pathways. All the data in the thesis demonstrates Ti uptake across the intestinal epithelium from TiO2 exposures involving CO2-dependent and nystatin-sensitive mechanisms. The results in this thesis have contributed to some understanding on the behaviour, uptake and effects of the TiO2 NPs across the intestine; and highlight the possible dietary hazard of the NPs to human health.
57

Modulation du développement du cancer de l'intestin et du côlon par des nutriments des produits laitiers

Roy, Marie-Josée January 2003 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
58

Le rôle du récepteur scavenger B type I, SR-BI, dans l'absorption et le métabolisme du cholestérol au niveau intestinal

Ciubotariu, Elena January 2003 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
59

Engineering polymeric micelles for solubilization of poorly-water soluble drugs : a novel approach for oral drug delivery

Francis, Mira January 2005 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
60

Obesogenic molecules breaching Caco-2 cells : intracellular regulation of tight junctions

Hagelby Edström, Tim January 2016 (has links)
Impaired function of the human intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) might allow for permeability of harmful substances, such as obesogens, which induce obesity and further implications. Tight junction (TJ) proteins are the key component for normal functions of the barrier. In this master thesis, the correlation between increased TJ permeability of the IEB and absorption of obesogens was studied. The effect of obesogens on TJ expression was also investigated. Permeability tests performed on Caco-2 cell monolayers exposed to obesogens showed altered permeability, indicating that obesogens might have an effect on TJ protein expression. Furthermore, impaired monolayers showed increased permeability, which implies that impaired functions of IEB lead to increased absorption of obesogens.

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