Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3510_1.pdf: 4771210 bytes, checksum: 5b2618024d81ea55aff9202bd6ecd2d0 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FUNDAMENTOS-Onicomicoses afetam 15-40% dos individuos com HIV. São causadas por leveduras; dermatofitos e fungos filamentosos nao-dermatofitos (FFND); apresentando as formas clinicas de onicomicose subungueal distal e lateral (OSDL); branca superficial (OBS); distrofica (OD) e subungueal proximal (OSP). Objetivamos descrever os aspectos clinicos e laboratoriais das onicomicoses em HIV-positivos. MÉTODOS-Estudo serie de casos realizado no Hospital Correia Picanco; Recife; Pernambuco. Foram coletadas escamas ungueais de lesoes sugestivas de onicomicose em pacientes encaminhados para exame micologico. Os fragmentos foram retirados com cureta esteril e submetidos a pesquisa direta e cultura. RESULTADOS – Dos 100 pacientes com micoses superficiais; 35(35%) possuiam suspeita de onicomicose. Destes; 5(14;5%) apresentavam lesoes ungueal em pes e nas maos. Das 40 amostras; 22(55%) pertenciam ao sexo feminino; 18(45%) ao masculino; 21(52;5%) eram em unhas das maos e 19(47;50%) em unhas dos pes. A idade media foi de 40;7 anos. Dos 21 casos de OSDL; 71;42% eram nos pes e dos 15 casos de OD; 93;33% eram nas maos. Leveduras foram isoladas em 21(52;5%); FFND em 7(17.5%); dermatofitos em 4(10%) e infeccoes mistas (leveduras + bacterias) em 3(7;5%). O diagnostico micologico para as suspeitas de onicomicose foi confirmado nas 40 amostras; entretanto nao houve crescimento fungico em 5 cultivos. CO*CLUSÕES-A OSDL foi a principal forma clinica nas unhas dos pes; enquanto a OD; nas unhas das maos. Em todas as suspeitas de onicomicose houve confirmacao por exame direto e/ou cultura micologica. Levedura foi patogeno predominante; seguido em frequencia por FFND; passando os dermatofitos a um plano inferior

Orinetador: Lucia H. I. Mei, Heizer F. de Castro / Dissertação (mestrado) Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T19:55:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_PedroCarlosde_M.pdf: 3670019 bytes, checksum: 1750f840fd2ae5a5aca7f98597089d55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como finalidade principal obter um derivado ativo estável da lípase de Cândida rugosa através de sua imobilização em um suporte de natureza polimérica. Foram testadas duas potenciais matrizes, o polimetllolacrilamida (PNMA) e o copolímero de divinilbenzeno-estireno (STYDVB), em função de suas características satisfatórias em termos de resistência ao impacto e à tração, aliadas ao seu grau de dureza e termoestabilidade. A enzima lípase foi imobilizada por adsorção nessas resinas, usando tampão fosfato de sódio (0,1M, pH 7,0) ou heptano com meio dispersante, sendo selecionado para estudos posteriores, o derivado delipase imobilizada em STYDVB obtido em presença de heptano. Tanto a lípase livre como a lípase imobilizada em STYDVB foram caracterizadas através da determinação do perfil de atividade em função do pH e temperatura, estabilidade térmica e, para o caso da lípase imobilizada, determinou-se q estabilidade operacional, em bateladas consecutivas, e à estocagem. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram que a lípase livre apresentou um pH ótimo de 8,0 e a imobilizada apresentou um pH ótimo de 7,5, ambas a temperatura de '37GRAUS¿C. A lípase imobilizada foi desativada somente em temperaturas superiores a '50GRAUS¿C, retendo praticamente 100% de sua atividade inicial na faixa de temperatura entre 37-'50GRAUS¿C por cerca de 60 minutos / Abstract: The objective of this work was to prepare an active and stable derivative of a microbial lipase (Candida rugosa), through its immobilization onto polymeric resins. Two potential matrixes were tested, polymetylolacrilamide (PNMA) and styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer (STYDVB), using different dispersion media (aqueous medium - buffer solution 0,1M of sodium phosphate pH 7,0 and organic medium - heptane). The immobitized Candida rugosa was more active when the coupling procedure was performed by physical adsorption on styrene-divinylbenze copolymer in the presence of heptane. Both free and immobilized lipase on STYDVB were characterized by determining: activity profile as a function of pH, temperature and thermal stability. For the immobilized lipase, operational and storing stabilities were also determined. Experiments results demonstrated that free lipase showed a pH optimum of 8.0 at temperature of 37¿GRAUS¿C, while the immobilized enzyme in the same temperature had 7.5 as the optimum pH. The immobilized lipase showed thermal inactivation only at temperature above 50°C, having retained practically 100% of its initial activity for temperature from 37-'50GRAUS¿C, for 60 minutes. The catalytic activity of the lipase immobilized on STYDVB was also verified in the synthesis of butylbutyrate by studying the influence of two variables: molar ratio between butanol and butyric acid and enzyme concentration on the butanol conversion rate. Under suitable reaction conditions, esterification yields as high as 90% were attained. / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia Química

A dissertation in partial compliance with the Master's Diploma in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 1996. / The aim of the study was to establish the effect of a Helonias complex on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro in terms of growth rate, maximum specific growth rate, latent period before maximum specific growth rate and percentage germ tube production so as to establish the area of action of homoeopathic remedies / M

Candida albicans is a polymorphic yeast that can cause life threatening systemic infections in immuno-compromised individuals. One key attribute of C. albicans that enhances its pathogenicity is the ability to switch morphologies between filamentous and vegetative modes in response to specific environmental conditions. Stressful changes in such cellular conditions commonly cause a rapid inhibition of global protein synthesis leading to altered programmes of gene expression. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fusel alcohols signal nitrogen scarcity and induce pseudohyphal growth enabling yeast colonies to spread towards nutrient replete areas. These alcohols also inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the translation initiation factor, eIF2B. eIF2B is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for eIF2, which supports eIF2-GTP production and represents a key regulated step in translation initiation. eIF2-GTP interacts with Met-tRNAiMet to form the ternary complex which is essential for translation initiation. Fusel alcohols target eIF2B leading to reduced levels of ternary complex and reduced protein synthesis. In Candida albicans, a variety of cell biological and genetic assays suggest that fusel alcohols and ethanol inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the translation initiation factor, eIF2B, and they also induce hyphal/pseudohyphal growth, a process that is associated with pathogenesis in C. albicans. In contrast to fusel alcohols, farnesol, aquorum sensing alcohol, does not appear to impact upon eIF2B activity. Rather, biochemical and mass spectrometric analysis suggest farnesol affects the interaction of the mRNA with the small ribosomal subunit during translation initiation. Further elucidation of the effect of farnesol on C. albicans transcript levels and ribosome association by next generation sequencing gave insight into the genes that are differentially expressed following farnesol treatment. While genes involved inmorphological differentiation were generally repressed, those involved in protein synthesis were upregulated, possibly as an adaptive response to inhibition of protein synthesis by farnesol. Intriguingly, the regulation of these functional categories of genes occurred in a co-ordinated manner at either the transcript level or at the level of ribosome association, but rarely was gene expression regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels for the same gene.

Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano Dentista / Introducción: La Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es una enfermedad crónica altamente prevalente que debe ser rigurosamente monitoreada para evitar complicaciones asociadas a su descompensación, la cual es establecida cuando los sujetos presentan valores de Hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) mayores a 7%. Esto puede asociarse a una acidificación del pH salival, lo que afectaría el crecimiento y diferenciación de levaduras del género Candida provocando aparición de Candidiasis. Es relevante determinar número y especies de levaduras presentes en saliva de pacientes diabéticos y la susceptibilidad de éstas a los distintos antifúngicos para mejorar el enfoque terapéutico. Materiales y Métodos: Se recogieron muestras de saliva no estimulada de 52 pacientes con DM2 de la Asociación de diabéticos de Chile (ADICH). Se les midió pH salival y se cultivaron en placas de Agar Sabouraud, realizando el recuento de colonias en UFC/ml. Se identificaron las especies en forma presuntiva en CHROMAgar Candida® confirmándose luego mediante PCR con partidores específicos. Se cultivaron los aislados de C.Albicans en Agar Sabouraud Tetraciclina con discos de difusión de Nistatina y Fluconazol para medir la susceptibilidad en milímetros. Se utilizó el test de Spearman para correlacionar las variables HbA1c, pH salival y cantidad de UFC/ml; también para HbA1c y susceptibilidad en mm. a los distintos antifúngicos, t-test para comparar ambos grupos y la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar valores entre pacientes compensados y no compensados. Se consideraron estadísticamente significativos valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: El 50% de los pacientes estaban descompensados. El 66% del total de levaduras aisladas fue Candida albicans, 43,6% Candida no albicans, destacando C. Glabrata. En pacientes con DM2 descompensada, se observó asociación inversa entre valores de HbA1c y pH salival. A mayor acidificación salival se observó mayor diversidad y cantidad de levaduras del género Candida. No se observó relación entre valores de HbA1c y susceptibilidad a nistatina o fluconazol. Se observó una leve correlación inversa entre pH salival y susceptibilidad a nistatina. Conclusión: La descompensación metabólica en pacientes con DM2 puede resultar en acidificación del pH salival afectando la cuantificación, diversidad de levaduras y la susceptibilidad de éstas a la terapia antifúngica. / Adscrito a Proyecto FIOUCH 13-002

Orientador: Ramon Kaneno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:09:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_PriscilaRaquel_M.pdf: 3935077 bytes, checksum: a342a73cd22f638b9ca5c0901503c580 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: A atividade imunomoduladora de cogumelos medicinais é atribuída principalmente às J}-glucanas. Neste estudo, avaliamos o efeito de peptidoglucanas extraídas do cogumelo Agaricus blazei (ATF) quanto à atividade candidacida, expressão de receptores de manose e produção de H2O2 e NO por macrófagos peritoneais murinos. Camundongos normais BALB/c receberam três inoculações intraperitoneais de solução salina (grupo controle) ou fração ATF (grupo ATF) e após 48 horas os macrófagos peritoneais foram coletados e ensaiados contra leveduras de Candida albicans. Nossos resultados indicam que o tratamento aumentou a atividade candidacida de macrófagos, produção de H2O2e expressão de receptores de manose, contudo, o tratamento não alterou a produção de NO. Nossos resultados sugerem que a fração ATF pode aumentar a resistência contra agentes infecciosos devido à estimulação da atividade microbicida de macrófagos / Abstract: Immunomodulatory activity of medicinal mushrooms is attributed to glucans. In the present study we avaluated the eifect of peptidoglycans of Agaricus blazei (ATF) on the candidacidal activity, the expression of mannose receptors (MR), production of H2O2 and NO by murine peritoneal macrophages. Normal BALB/c mice were i.p. treated with 3 inoculations of ATF (ATF group) or salt solution (control group) and after 48hr peritoneal macrophages were assayed against Candida albicans yest forms. Our results indicated that the treatment enhanced the candidacidal activity of peritoneal macrophages and increased the H2O2 production and MR expression. However ATF was not able to increase the spontaneous production of NO. The results suggest that ATF can enhance the host resistence against infectious agents due to the stimulation of the microbicidal activity of macrophages / Mestrado / Mestre em Farmacologia

Orientador: Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T02:33:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Totti_MarildaAparecidaGoncalves_D.pdf: 5573911 bytes, checksum: db09b48095e15ef68b81ad95bb3c3fac (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: A presença de Candida albicans e o desenvolvimento de candidose na cavidade bucal de camundongos normais e xerostômicos foram avaliados após uma e quatro inoculações com 108 células viáveis de C. albicam; na boca dos animais. A xerostomia foi obtida pela retirada das glândulas salivares maiores dos camundongos (sialoadenectomia) e a recuperação da levedura foi realizada após 1, 2, 3,5, 8, 15 dias e a seguir intervalos regulares de 15 dias. A comprovação da levedura recuperada foi feita através de identificação da espécie e da verificação do fator killer. Candidose foi verificada no epitélio de 6 regiões do dorso da língua dos camundongos em cortes histológicos sagitais corados por H.E e P.A.S. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram: a) que a xerostomia produzida pela sialoadenectomia em camundongos, propiciou recuperação de C. albicans na cavidade bucal dos animais, em maior número e por períodos mais prolongados; b) as quantidades de C. albicans na cavidade bucal de camundongos sialoadenectomizados foram maiores estatisticamente significativas nas recuperações de 30 até 195 dias após 4 inoculações da levedura; c) candidose ocorreu em maior número de animais e as lesões foram mais extensas nos camundongos sialoadenectomizados, em relação aos normais / Abstract: The presence of Candida albicans and candidosis development in the oral cavity of normal and sialoadenectomized mice were evaluated after one and four inoculations, with 108 viable cells of C. albicans in the mouth of the animals. The xerostomia was obtained by surgical removal of the major salivary glands from mice (sialoadenectomy) and the recovery of the yeast was accomplished after 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 15 days and then in intervals of 15 days. The confirmation of the yeast recovered was established through identification of the species and the verification of the killer factor. Candidosis was verified in the epithelium of six are as of the dorsal mice tongue in sagital histological sections stained with hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid-Schifr. The results obtained showed: a) that xerostomia produced by the sialoadenectomy in the mice propitiated recovery of C. albicans in the oral cavity of the animals in higher number and for more wide periods; b) The quantity of C. Albicans in the oral cavity of sialoadenectomized mice were larger and statistically significant in the recoveries of 30 to 195 days after four inoculations of the yeast; c) candidosis occured in higher number of animals and the lesions were more extensive in the sialoadenectomized mice in relation to the normal / Doutorado / Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental / Doutor em Odontologia

The main aim of the study was to isolate compounds active against Candida albicans from the most active species from a pool of several trees. Seven tree species with good antifungal activity were selected from the Phytomedicine Programme database. The selected plant species investigated were screened for growth inhibitory activity against Candida albicans using bioautography and serial microplate dilution methods. These tree species were: Cussonia zuluensis, Vepris reflexa, Curtisia dentata, Trichilia emetica, Terminalia phanerophlebia, Terminalia sambesiaca and Kigelia africana. Using the serial microplate dilution method for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations, Terminalia phanerophlebia and <i.T. sambesiaca were active against Candida albicans with MIC values as low 0.02 mg/ml. The acetone and dichloromethane extracts of all plant leaves were active against C. albicans with MICs varying from 0.02-2.5 mg/ml. Based on bioautography, the acetone extract of the leaves of Curtisia dentate had more active (5) compounds against C. albicans than any of the tree species investigated. The dichloromethane, acetone and hexane extracts of the seven tree species were further screened for antifungal activity using other fungal test organisms. The fungal species used were Aspergillus fumigatus, Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii and Cryptococcus neoformans. Extracts of Curtisia dentata, Terminalia sambesiaca and Terminalia phanerophlebia had the highest activities against these fungal test organisms with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 0.02 mg/ml. Cussonia zuluensis was the least active with high MIC values (>250 µg/ml in some cases) and the lowest number (1) of active chemical components on bioautograms. The highest number of active compounds (5) against C. albicans on bioautograms was observed in the acetone extracts of C. dentate. The plant species were further investigated for presence of antibacterial compounds, using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as test bacterial organisms. Compounds with similar Rf values in the acetone extract of C. dentate were active against both bacterial and fungal test organisms, suggesting that the growth inhibitory activity of C. dentate extracts was non-selective. C. dentate was chosen for isolation of compounds due to 1) the highest number of active compounds on bioautogram against C. albicans, 2) the MIC values (0.12-0.6 mg/ml) against C. albicans. Acetone extracts of the leaves, stem bark and twigs of Curtisia dentate were compared for antibacterial and antifungal activity using the serial microplate dilution and bioautography methods in order to select the plant part to isolate compounds from. The TLC fingerprints of the twigs and leaves were largely similar. A non-polar compound and two medium polarity compounds, present in the leaves and twigs, were missing in the stem bark extract. Bioautography indicated that the leaves contained more antibacterial and antifungal compounds than the stem bark extracts. Extracts of the leaves were 5-fold more active than the stem bark extracts against Candida albicans, with total activities of 1072 and 190 ml/g, respectively. Against bacterial test organisms extracts of the leaves, stem bark and twigs resulted in comparable activities. These findings encourage the interchangeable usage of the stem bark, leaves and twigs of this plant, which may lead to sustainable harvesting of the species. This approach may conserve this and other threatened or endangered plant species. The leaves of Curtisia dentate (Cornaceae) were serially extracted with solvents of varying polarities, starting with hexane, then dichloromethane, followed by acetone with methanol completing the fractionation. The dichloromethane (DCM) and acetone bulk fractions of Curtisia dentate contained the highest number of active compounds and resulted in low MIC values. The hexane and the methanol bulk fractions were the least active. In the hexane bulk fraction, bioautography revealed the presence of one active compound. The DCM bulk fraction showed cytotoxicity against Vero cells similar to the positive control, berberine with an LC50 value of 10 µg/ml. The acetone and dichloromethane fractions resulted in total activity values of 3312 and 4240 ml, respectively. However, these fractions were cytotoxic to the Vero cells with LC50 values of 24.4 µg/ml for acetone fraction and 6.6 µg/ml for the dichloromethane fraction. The cytotoxicity data may serve to discourage the use of these extracts to treat candidosis. However, preparations of these fractions may be used topically on wounds to combat infections. The application of these extracts on rat wound model did not result in any observable pathologies. The DCM and acetone bulk fractions each contained 4 compounds active against Candida albicans. Only the dichloromethane extract was fractionated as these extracts contained almost similar active compounds. Column chromatography using silica as the stationary phase afforded four compounds from the DCM extract. These compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) as lupeol (CI), betulinic acid (CII), ursolic acid (CIII) and hydroxyl-ursolic acid (CIV). These compounds have been isolated from several plant species and have been to be found active against several pathogens including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from Curtisia dentate. The antibacterial activity of these compounds have been reported. The anti-Candida activity of ursolic oleanolic and ursolic acid has been reported with MIC values exceeding 128 µg/ml (Hiriuchi et al., 2007). However, the anti-Candida activity of betulinic acid and lupeol has not been reported. The four isolated compounds were tested for activity against several fungal (Candida albicans, C. spicata, C. guillermondi, Aspergillus fumigatus, Sporothrix shenckii, Cryptococcus neoformans and microsporaum canis) and bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) species. Ursolic acid and hydroxyursolic acid were the most active with MIC values. Hydroxyursolic acid resulted in an MIC value as low as 8 µg/ml against M. canis. A. fumigatus was the most resistant microorganism while M. canis and S. schenckii were the most sensitive. C. albicans was moderately sensitive to the compounds with MIC values ranging from 16 µg/ml for betulinic acid to over 250 µg/ml for lupeol. Compounds isolated in sufficient quantities, namely, lupeol and betulinic acid, were investigated for cytotoxicity against Vero cells. It appeared that lupeol was less toxic than betulinic acid, with LC50 values of 89.5 and 10.9 µg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxicity of betulinic acid was comparable to that induced by the positive control, berberine with an LC50 of 10 µg/ml. Lupeol was the least active of the isolated compounds. Betulinic acid and lupeol, together with the water and acetone extracts were tested in an in vivo rat model to determine antifungal and wound healing activities. The rats were immunocompromised prior to the surgical and treatment procedures. Treatments with any of the formulations did not affect wound healing activity. The rate of wound healing was comparable to both the positive (amphotericin B) and negative (cream only) controls. It was however difficult to judge and score antifungal activity. The model developed to evaluate skin infections will have to be improved to allow for testing for anti-<i.Candida activity in vivo. Some antifungal compounds, such as azoles, are known to also have anthelminthic activity. The isolated compounds, which had antifungal activity, were tested for anthelminthic activity against both parasitic and free-living nematodes. Furthermore, other publications demonstrated that betulinic acid had anthelminthic activity against C. elegans. Lupeol, ursolic acid and betulinic acid, together with the DCM and acetone extracts were investigated for anthelminthic activity against both free living and parasitic nematodes. The acetone and dichloromethane extracts were active against all nematodes to concentrations as low as 160 µg/ml. Betulinic acid and lupeol were active against the parasitic nematodes at high concentrations of 1000 and 200 µg/ml. All compounds were active against the free-living Caenorhabditis elegans with concentrations as low as 8 ìg/ml. Betulinic acid was less active than lupeol and ursolic acid against C. elegans. The acetone and dichloromethane extracts were also active against C. elegans with a concentration of 0.31 mg/ml resulting in almost 80% inhibition of larval motility. It would appear that the anthelminthic activity against both parasitic and free-living nematodes occurred at high concentrations of the compounds or extracts. Extracts of various medicinal plant species may provide the solutions to ill-health of small ruminants caused by parasitic nematodes in poor communities of southern Africa. The extracts of Curtisia dentata and isolated compounds have anti-Candida activity in vitro. Their usage is hampered by associated toxicity. The cytotoxicity of the compounds and extracts was only demonstrated with Vero cells (monkey line). Experiments with several human cell lines may indicate the safety of these compound and extracts when used as treatment against Candida infections. No toxic effects were noted when extracts and isolated compounds were tested in an animal experiment indicating that extracts may be safe in a topical application. The extract from 1 g of leaf material can be diluted to more than a litre and still inhibit the growth of C. albicans. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Paraclinical Sciences / unrestricted

Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro la actividad fungistática y fungicida del extracto metanólico de Minthostachys Mollis (Muña) sobre cepas de Candida albicans. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron extractos metanólicos de las hojas, tallos y raíces de Minthostachys mollis. La actividad fungistática de los extractos frente a cepas de Candida albicans fue evaluado por medio de la técnica de difusión en agar. La concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) del extracto se determinó por el método de microdilución y la citotoxicidad usando la línea celular MDCK. Resultados: El extracto de hojas y tallo de Minthostachys mollis mostró mayor actividad fungistático frente a Candida albicans, observandose halos de inhibición de 47.72±6.67mm y 46.58±6.42mm respectivamente, no encontrando diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos extractos. La CMI fue de 46.87mg/ml, 93.75mg/ml y 1500mg/ml para hojas, tallos y raíces respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se demostró que el extracto metanólico de Minthostachys mollis tienen actividad fungistática y fungicida contra cepas de Candida albicans. Ninguno de los extractos resultó ser tóxico sobre líneas celulares. / Objective: to evaluate in vitro the fungistatic and fungicidal activity of the methanolic extract of Minthostachys Mollis (Muña) on strains of Candida albicans. Methods: Three in vitro methanolic extracts of the leaves, stems and roots of Minthostachys mollis were made. The fungistatic activity of the extracts against Candida albicans strains was evaluated by means of the agar diffusion technique. Minimun inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method and cytotoxicity using the MDCK cell line. Results: The extracts that obtained the greatest fungistatic activity at 24 hours were those of leaves and stems against Candida albicans, halos of 47.72 ± 6.67mm and 46.58 ± 6.42mm respectively were obtained, finding no statistically significant difference. The MIC for leaves was 46.87mg / ml, for stems was 93.75mg / ml and 1500mg / ml for roots. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the methanolic extracts of Minthostachys mollis have fungistatic and fungicidal activity against strains of Candida albicans. None of the extracts turned out to be toxic on cell lines at low concentrations. / Tesis

Orientador: Ricardo de Souza Cavalcante / Resumo: Introdução. A candidemia tem-se tornado cada vez mais frequente nos hospitais e apresentado elevada mortalidade. Conhecer a epidemiologia e os fatores prognósticos permite melhor manejo clínico desta infecção. Diante disto, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a incidência da candidemia em um hospital de ensino durante os últimos anos, a mortalidade, a prevalência das espécies causadoras da infecção, bem como os fatores prognósticos. Métodos. Este foi um estudo de coorte não concorrente, com pacientes atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (HCFMB), que apresentaram diagnóstico de candidemia durante sua internação, entre os anos de 2012 e 2019. Os dados clínicos foram obtidos a partir do prontuário médico. Para a avaliação dos fatores associados ao prognóstico, em análise univariada e múltipla, foi utilizado o modelo de Regressão Proporcional de Cox. Foram consideradas significativas as variáveis com valores de p inferiores a 0,05. Resultados. Ocorreram 314 episódios de candidemia em 288 pacientes. A taxa de incidência foi de 1,66/1000 admissões. A espécie mais prevalente foi Candida albicans (38,8%), seguida de complexo C. parapsilosis (20,4%), C. tropicalis (15,3%), C. glabrata (10,8%) e C. krusei (2,5%). Na população pediátrica houve predomínio de complexo C. parapsilosis (p<0,0001) e C. glabrata nos adultos (p=0,002). A taxa de mortalidade em 30 dias foi de 43,4%, sendo maior em adultos do que pacientes pediátricos (19,3% vs 54,0%; p<0,01)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction. Candidemia has become increasingly frequent in hospitals and has shown high mortality. Knowing the epidemiology and prognostic factors allows better clinical management of this infection. In view of this, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of candidemia in a teaching hospital during the past few years, mortality, the prevalence of species causing the infection, as well as prognostic factors. Methods. Non-concurrent cohort study was carried out, with inpatients at the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (HCFMB), who presented a diagnosis of candidemia during their hospitalization, between the years 2012 and 2019. The clinical data were obtained from the medical records. For the assessment of factors associated with prognosis, in univariate and multiple analysis, the Cox Proportional Regression model was used. Variables with p values below 0.05 were considered significant. Results. There were 314 episodes of candidemia in 288 patients. The incidence rate was 1.66 / 1000 admissions. The most prevalent species was Candida albicans (38.8%), followed by C. parapsilosis complex (20.4%), C. tropicalis (15.3%), C. glabrata (10.8%) and C. krusei (2.5%). In the pediatric population, there was a predominance of the C. parapsilosis complex (p <0.0001) and C. glabrata in adults (p=0.002). The 30-day mortality rate was 43.4%, being higher in adults than pediatric patients (19.3% vs 54.0%; p<0.01). Independent factors of mortality were liver cirrhos... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre