Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF15MA036.pdf: 5440580 bytes, checksum: fa5be5bb0a0e71470db9435ced99a4be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Law No. 12,651, popularly known as the new Brazilian Forestry Code, presents changes in the boundary of PPA (Permanent Preservation Areas) for rural properties when compared with Law No. 4,771, that was replaced and repealed. The new law created new concepts such as consolidated rural area that are also applied in PPA parameterized by the fiscal module (it is an agrarian unit of measurement used in Brazil, established by Law No. 6,746, of December 10, 1979 Módulo Fiscal). Five fiscal module classes were created where the legal provisions to be applied in the freshwater springs, courses and water bodies get more restrictive as it increases the fiscal module class. In a sample of 68 rural properties of the municipalities from AMURES (Associação de Municípios da Região Serrana - Association of the Mountain Region Municipalities), thematic land cover maps with PPA areas were elaborated from the interpretation of orthorectified aerial images obtained in the years 2010/2011. It was possible to identify that there is a relationship between the provisions of Law No. 12,651 and its amendments regarding the settlement of PPA freshwater springs, courses and water bodies located in a consolidated rural area with the area of the property and the size of the fiscal module of the municipality where it is situated. It was observed that the reductions in the PPA areas to be recomposed on a consolidated rural area are very significant, comparing the Law No. 12,651 with Law No. 4,771. For properties with up to one fiscal module the average reduction is 81.8%, with a superior area from 1 to 2 fiscal modules it is 73.1%, more than 2 and up to 4 fiscal modules is 54.6%, superior than 4 and up to 10 fiscal modules tax reduction is 41.9% and above 10 units is 15.2%. Extrapolating the results obtained for the total area of AMURES region, it is estimated that can still be exploited 122,372 hectares of land characterized as field, fruit growing, farming and forestry that are in PPA in consolidated rural area. These areas represent 7.6% of the total area of the region, and in Law No. 4,771, they would be under permanent protection regime / A Lei nº 12.651, popularmente conhecida como novo Código Florestal Brasileiro, apresenta alterações na delimitação das APP (Áreas de Preservação Permanente) para os imóveis rurais quando comparada com a Lei nº 4.771, substituída e revogada. A nova Lei criou novos conceitos como o de área rural consolidada que também são aplicados nas APP parametrizados pelo módulo fiscal de cada município. Criaram-se cinco classes de módulo fiscal onde os dispositivos legais a serem aplicados nas nascentes, cursos e corpos d água ficam mais restritivos à medida que aumenta a classe de módulos fiscais. Em uma amostra composta de 68 imóveis rurais dos municípios englobados pela AMURES (Associação dos Municípios da Região Serrana), elaboraram-se mapas temáticos de cobertura do solo com as áreas de APP a partir da interpretação de imagens aéreas ortorretificadas obtidas nos anos de 2010/2011. Verificou-se que há relação entre o disposto na Lei nº 12.651 e suas alterações no que tange a regularização de APP de nascentes, cursos e corpos d água localizadas em área rural consolidada com a área do imóvel e com o tamanho do módulo fiscal do município onde se encontra. Observou-se que as reduções nas áreas de APP a serem recompostas em área rural consolidada são muito significativas, comparando-se a Lei nº 12.651 com a Lei nº 4.771. Para imóveis com até um módulo fiscal a redução média é de 81,8%, com área superior a 1 e de até 2 módulos fiscais é de 73,1%, superior a 2 e de até 4 módulos fiscais é de 54,6%, superior a 4 e de até 10 módulos fiscais a redução é de 41,9% e acima de 10 módulos é de 15,2%. Extrapolando-se os resultados obtidos para a área total da região da AMURES, estima-se que podem continuar sendo explorados 122.372 hectares de terras caracterizadas como campo, fruticultura, lavoura e silvicultura que estão em APP em área rural consolidada. Estas áreas representam 7,6% da área total da região, e, na Lei nº 4.771, estariam sob regime de preservação permanente

O adequado deslocamento autônomo de robôs móveis entre fileiras de cultura agrícola implica a apropriada configuração estrutural do veículo, bem como considerar a detecção das filas de plantas ou árvores, e também o desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle de locomoção. Esta tese apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle em malha fechada baseado na técnica de otimização H∞, que é aplicado no deslocamento entre fileiras de plantio de um robô móvel agrícola em escala reduzida. Mais especificamente, o foco deste trabalho é o seguimento de caminhos na cultura através da aplicação de técnicas de controle robusto. Duas questões foram fundamentais na elaboração da tese: 1) \"Quais são os métodos e procedimentos necessários para implementar a navegação autônoma de um protótipo de robô móvel entre fileiras de cultura agrícola?\" e, 2) \"É possível aplicar os conceitos relativos a sistemas de controle em malha fechada para solucionar o problema da navegação autônoma do robôs móveis entre fileiras de cultura agrícola?\". Primeiramente é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre robôs móveis agrícolas que tem locomoção baseada em rodas. Posteriormente, os conceitos relacionados com o projeto de controle baseado na técnica de otimização H∞ são fundamentados. Em seguida, são descritos os detalhes relacionados com a construção da plataforma robótica proposta, o projeto do controlador de caminho, as respectivas simulações e as especificações para a realização de testes em ambiente agrícola. Finalmente os resultados alcançados são apresentados. Conclui-se que o sistema de controle proposto se mostrou efetivo na realização da navegação autônoma do robô entre as fileiras da cultura previamente configuradas para a avaliação do seu desempenho. / Appropriate autonomous navigation of mobile robots between crop rows implies, besides appropriate structural configuration, considering detection of plants or trees in rows, as well as the development of a locomotion control system. Consequently, this thesis presents the development of a closed loop control system based on H∞ optimization technique, which is applied to control the navigation of a low scale car-like mobile robot between crop rows; more specifically, main focus of this work is tracking paths in the culture, by the application of robust control techniques. Two questions were fundamental in the development of the thesis: 1) which are the methods and procedures to implement the autonomous navigation of a mobile robot prototype between crop rows? And 2) is it possible to apply the concepts of closed-loop control systems to solve the problem of autonomous navigation of mobile robots between crop rows? Firstly, we provide a literature review on agricultural mobile robots whose mobility depends on wheels. Secondly, control systems design fundamentals based on the H∞ optimization technique are addressed. Thirdly, details related to the construction of the proposed robotic platform and also the design of the proposed path controller (including its simulation and specifications for testing within an agricultural environment) are described. Finally, results of our findings are presented. It is concluded that our control system showed to be effective in the realization of autonomous navigation between crop rows in agricultural environment, which was properly configured in order to evaluate the performance of our robot.

In car racing simulation games, finishing first is the main goal. To reach that goal, it is required to go around a racing track, competing against other cars aiming for the same goal. Implementing a bot for doing so may have its difficulties, although using a technique called multi-agent systems combined with artificial potential field, let- ting the agents take care of subtasks like keeping the car on the track, minimize how much the car turns in a curvature and basics in navigation around the track, has showed that artificial potential fields very well fit the problem of driving a car in simulated car racing in a competitive way. / Mobiltelefon: 0707422666

Ce travail de thèse est consacré à la rationalisation de verres de tellure, au fort potentiel applicatif. Les résultats ont été obtenus en utilisant la dynamique moléculaire ab initio et le calcul de paramètres RMN sur différents noyaux. Pour valider nos modèles de verres, les résultats théoriques sont comparés aux données expérimentales disponibles, comme les facteurs de structure neutroniques ou des rayons X, ainsi que les spectres RMN du solide. La première partie décrit les méthodes théoriques employées, tandis que les deux chapitres qui suivent se concentrent sur l’utilisation du formalisme GIPAW pour le calcul des paramètres RMN du 73Ge et du 125Te sur des systèmes cristallins et/ou moléculaires. Dans le cas du 125Te, nous avons calibré une fonction linéaire qui relie l’écrantage isotrope calculé au déplacement chimique isotrope. Pour le 73Ge, nous avons pris en compte des effets thermiques pour obtenir des paramètres RMN moyens, en considérant plusieurs configurations extraites d’une dynamique moléculaire à 300 K. La partie suivante est une étude structurale du verre GeTe4, où l’impact de la taille des cellules modélisées et de la fonctionnelle utilisée, ont été analysés. Une confrontation des facteurs de structure théoriques avec ceux obtenus expérimentalement, permet la description de la première sphère de coordination des tellures et des germaniums. La comparaison des spectres RMN expérimentaux et théoriques du 125Te ne vient pas infirmer ces résultats. Les cinquième et sixième chapitres portent sur l’étude des systèmes ternaires Ge-Te-Se et Ge-Ga-Te. La validation de nos modèles par la RMN des 77Se, 125Te, 69Ga et 71Ga, et par les facteurs de structure, nous a permis de caractériser le rôle du sélénium ou du gallium sur la structuration de ces verres. Le dernier chapitre est consacré à l’étude de verre de chalcohalogénures du système binaire Te-Cl. La RMN du solide, les méthodes de diffractions de neutrons et des rayons X, combinées à des calculs ab initio ont permis de faire évoluer les précédents modèles structuraux proposés. / This thesis is devoted to the rationalisation of telluride glasses, with a high applicative potential. Results have been obtained using ab initio molecular dynamics and NMR parameters calculations on different nuclei. In order to validate our glasses models, theoretical results have been compared to available experimental data, as neutron or X-rays scattering structure factors or NMR spectra. The first part describes theoretical methods employed, whereas the two next chapters focus on the use of GIPAW formalism to obtain NMR parameters of 73Ge and 125Te, on crystalline and/or molecular systems. In the case of 125Te, we calibrated a linear function that relates calculated isotropic shielding and isotropic chemical shift. For the 73Ge, we took into account thermal effect to get averaged NMR parameters, by considering several configurations taken from a 300 K molecular dynamics. The next part is a structural study of amorphous GeTe4, where the impact of the size of simulated cells and the functional used, has been analysed. A comparison of theoretical and experimental structure factors, allowed a description of germanium and tellurium first coordination sphere. The comparison of experimental and theoretical 125Te NMR spectra did not disprove these results. Fifth and sixth parts deal with glasses of ternary systems Ge-Se-Te and Ge-Ga-Te. The validation of our models with 77Se, 125Te, 69Ga and 71Ga NMR and structure factors, permitted us to characterize the role of selenium or gallium on glasses structures. Last chapter is dedicated to chalcohalide glasses from the binary system Te-Cl. Solid state NMR, X-rays and neutron diffraction, combined with ab initio calculations, let us make changes in previews suggested structural models.

The purpose of this thesis is to determine if there are any significant abnormal returns arising when companies announces an upcoming rights offering on the Stockholm exchange. The thesis also considers possible reasons as to why the market react in different ways by examining the offerings’ underlying motives. The thesis adopts a quantitative approach, implemented by adeductive strategy. An event study has been used to study the market movements throughout the RO-announcement. The abnormal return is calculated according to the CAR-model which is later tested for its significance. A multiple linear regression is conducted in order to discover relations between the abnormal return and different independent variables. The main frame of theoretical reference is the Signalling Hypothesis as well as the Efficient Market Hypothesis. The study is also inspired by previous research on the subject, all of which are presented in the chapter. These include both recent and older studies on both American, Asian and European markets. Results conclude a significant negative abnormal return during the event window. There is a significant relationship between the underlying motive of the rights offerings and its abnormal return. However, no significant relationship can be stated between the frequency of the rights offering and its abnormal return. Underlying motive and frequency of RO’s explain theabnormal return by 10,11%.

Orientador: Lea Maria Leme Strini Velho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T14:57:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bennertz_Rafael_D.pdf: 2534067 bytes, checksum: 32253606a1a597ca51e0e70fdb75731c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta a história do carro a álcool no Brasil, a partir de uma perspectiva sociotécnica, informada por estudos conduzidos nos campos dos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia, Dinâmicas da Inovação, e Politicas de Ciência e Tecnologia. A história do carro a álcool no Brasil desde o início do século XX é interessante por si só e merece ser recontada. Ao tratar o carro a álcool como uma configuração sociotécnica e traçando a sua jornada inovativa, mais aspectos do desenvolvimento se tornam visíveis: o emaranhamento dos desenvolvimentos técnicos, econômicos e sociais (Capítulo 1); a importância do discurso sobre o Carro a Álcool Brasileiro e como ele se tornou uma entidade discursiva por si só (Capítulo 2); o papel especial que teve o estado Brasileiro em estimular o desenvolvimento do carro a álcool e mantendo o seu enraizamento social (Capítulo 3); o declínio parcial do carro a álcool depois de 1989 e seu re-avivamento noutra forma, o carro flex, que ilustra que não é a substituição de velhas por novas tecnologias, mas uma colcha de retalhos de velhas e novas tecnologias em continua evolução (Capítulo 4). A jornada inovativa do carro a álcool no Brasil, incluindo suas várias não-linearidades, começou com a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento conduzido no Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, foi menos visível nas décadas de 1950 e de 1960s, e depois se tornou novamente importante nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, como uma resposta para a crise do petróleo de 1973 e para a dependência brasileira em petróleo. Por causa das mudanças nos contextos econômicos e políticos, ele quase desaparece na década de 1990. Nos próximos três capítulos foca-se a análise em três aspectos chaves da dinâmica sociotécnica na jornada inovativa do carro a álcool. O capítulo 2 trata do Carro a Álcool como uma entidade discursiva presente nas páginas da revista automotiva Quatro Rodas, que ao se tornar uma referência constante na revista reforçava o momentum para o desenvolvimento tecnológico do carro a álcool no Brasil. No capítulo 3 mostra-se como o estado Brasileiro macro-orquestrou o carro a álcool, conduzindo pesquisas e desenvolvimentos para o desenvolvimento do artefato sociotécnico e ao mesmo tempo criando as condições para o enraizamento social do carro. O capítulo 4 reconstrói o declínio do carro a álcool durante a década de 1990 e a emergência do carro flex durante a década de 2000 como uma colcha de retalhos de velhas e novas tecnologias em continua evolução. Nas conclusões, se dá novamente destaque à importância da abordagem multi-nível, assim como também o modo como a jornada inovativa do carro a álcool no Brasil foi moldada pelo regime tecnológico do automóvel, o regime nacional de inovação, e por novas constituencies de design e de manutenção, que em contra-partida foram modificadas pelo que aconteceu na jornada inovativa do carro a álcool no Brasil. Assim, esta tese não apenas apresenta uma reconstrução do desenvolvimento do carro a álcool no Brasil, mas também dá destaque à importantes elementos da jornada inovativa em contexto e contribui para os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia, Dinâmicas da Inovação, e Políticas de Ciência e Tecnologia / Abstract: This thesis presents the history of the ethanol car in Brazil, analyzing it from a sociotechnical perspective, informed by scholarly work in Social Studies of Science, Innovation Dynamics and Science and Technology Policy. The history of the ethanol car in Brazil since the early twentieth century until today is interesting in its own right and deserves to be retold. By treating the ethanol car as a sociotechnical configuration and tracing its innovation journey, further aspects of the development become visible: the entanglement of technical, economic and social developments (Chapter 1); the importance of the discourse about the Brazilian Ethanol Car and how it became a discursive entity in its own right (Chapter 2); the special role of the Brazilian state in stimulating the development of the ethanol car and ensuring its embedding in society (Chapter 3); the partial decline of the ethanol car after 1989 and its revival in another form, the Flexible Fuel Vehicle, which illustrates that it is not substitution of old by new technologies, but an evolving patchwork of old and new technologies (Chapter 4). The innovation journey of the ethanol car, including various non-linearities, started as a research and development project conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, was less visible in the 1950s and 1960s, and then became important in the 1970s and the 1980s, as a response to the 1973 oil crisis and Brazil¿s dependence on imported oil. Because of changing economic and political contexts, it almost disappeared during the 1990s. In the next three chapters I zoom in on three key dynamics of sociotechnical development in the innovation journey of the ethanol car. Chapter 2 treats the Brazilian Ethanol Car as a discursive entity present on the pages of the automobile magazine Quatro Rodas, that by becoming a recurrent reference in the magazine reinforced the momentum for the technological development of the ethanol car in Brazil. In Chapter 3 it is shown how the Brazilian state macro-enacted the ethanol car, that is, at the same time conducting research for the development of the sociotechnical artifact, and creating the conditions for the societal embedding of the car. Chapter 4 reconstructs the decline of the ethanol car during the 1990s and the emergence of the flex-fuel vehicle during the 2000s as an evolving patchworks of old and new technologies, and argues that this is the general phenomenon encompassing different specific patterns. In the conclusion, the importance of the multi-level approach is highlighted again, as well as the way the innovation journey of the ethanol car in Brazil was shaped by the automobile technological regime, the national innovation regime, and by new design and maintenance constituencies, which in their turn were modified by what happened in the innovation journey of the ethanol car in Brazil. Thus, this thesis not only offers a sociotechnical reconstruction of the development of the ethanol car in Brazil, but also, by highlighting important elements of innovation journeys in context and taking part in the reflections about the tools and approaches of the sociotechnical perspective, contributes to the scholarly fields of social studies of science and technology, innovation dynamics and science and technology policy studies / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Denna uppsats har skrivits i samarbete med Uppsala Parkering AB (UPAB) arbetar med att implementera olika energitekniska lösningar för att elbilsladdande i Uppsala inte ska påfresta ett redan överbelastat elnät. Dessa lösningar innebär bland annat förändringar i hur och när människor laddar sina elbilar. Genom ett etnologiskt perspektiv undersöker denna uppsats hur människor skapar mening till ägandet, körandet och laddandet av sina bilar för att ge en ökad förståelse för hur el- och hybridbilsägare talar om och interagerar med sina bilar. Genom att analysera intervjuer med elbilsägare utifrån fenomenologiska och posthumanistiska begrepp visar uppsatsen hur elbilsägande och dess praktiker förstås som ett alternativt stig-val. Elbilsägandet som ett alternativt stig-val relateras till andra praktiker i elbilsägandet som körning och laddning och förklarar vilken mening de kopplar till dessa praktiker. Detta system av mening kan delas upp i tre riktningar: att elbilsägandet är något gott, något som är hotat och något som fungerar. Elbilskörandet och laddandet upplevs utifrån alla dessa tre riktningar vilket framkallar flera olika känslor och upplevelser. Oro och irritation känner elbilsförarna men också bra känslor av att köra och ladda miljövänligt och billigt. Körandet och laddandet upplevs också vara roligt och positivt utmanande, där materiella förutsättningar som bristande räckvidd och infrastruktur för laddning blir till en tävling i problemlösning. Genom att se på elbilsägandet och dess praktiker som sammanlänkade av mening, kan en urskilja vad som uppfattas vara viktigt i elbilsägarnas praktiker och hur olika känslor och intentioner hänger samman i elbilsägarnas förståelse för sin vardag.

The Diploma thesis deals with the issue of parking in Ceske Budejovice. The basis of the work is to evaluate the transport situation in the city. The consultation will assess the critical issues, from the point of view of parking, which will be further developed by the local maintenance and measurements. As a result of the local scrutiny, measures will be proposed to help improve the current situation.

This diploma thesis describes the design of showroom and car service of Mazda brand in Trencin. It is a detached building on a flat terrain. The car showroom and car service have two above-ground floors and one underground floor. On the first underground floor there is an underground garage designed for new cars for sale. On the first floor there is a car showroom with a customer base and a car service with facilities for car service staff. On the second floor there are offices with facilities for staff. The building is designed from a reinforced concrete structure and porous concrete blocks. The ceilings are monolithic reinforced concrete and the roof is designed as flat with trusses and reinforced concrete slab. The work includes project documentation for the construction.

This thesis deals with the design and implementation of a self-driving model race car that is intended to attend an NXP Cup race. The work describes the selection of the platform, design process of algorithm, design process of printed circuit board for obstacle detection system, and various experiments with motion control.