No description available.

Much current literature on women and migration tends to approach the study of migrant domestic workers as victims of global capitalism—or according to Parrenas’s evocative phrase as “servants of globalization”—from one of two vantage points. The first vantage point focuses attention on how the conditions of exit in various sending countries make overseas domestic servitude one of the few employment opportunities available for many women (Parrenas 2001). The second draws attention to the ways in which these migrant women experience stratification—along the lines of gender, race, and class—as part of their settlement experiences in their host countries (Pratt 1998). Both of these vantage points reinforce aspects of the “servants of globalization” discourse in that they pay relatively little attention to the coping practices of migrant domestic workers. In order to extend the thesis beyond the “servants of globalization” discourse, this thesis examines the coping practices that migrant Filipina domestic workers develop in their efforts to create communities of affirmation, care, and belonging.

Much current literature on women and migration tends to approach the study of migrant domestic workers as victims of global capitalism—or according to Parrenas’s evocative phrase as “servants of globalization”—from one of two vantage points. The first vantage point focuses attention on how the conditions of exit in various sending countries make overseas domestic servitude one of the few employment opportunities available for many women (Parrenas 2001). The second draws attention to the ways in which these migrant women experience stratification—along the lines of gender, race, and class—as part of their settlement experiences in their host countries (Pratt 1998). Both of these vantage points reinforce aspects of the “servants of globalization” discourse in that they pay relatively little attention to the coping practices of migrant domestic workers. In order to extend the thesis beyond the “servants of globalization” discourse, this thesis examines the coping practices that migrant Filipina domestic workers develop in their efforts to create communities of affirmation, care, and belonging.

Children with psychologically vulnerable caregivers may be at risk for being labeled as having behavior problems when typical behaviors are viewed by their caregivers as problematic. Research examining the accuracy of the caregivers’ perceptions of children’s behaviors is limited. The purpose of this study was to use the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation to explore family and female caregiver factors associated with appraisals of children’s behaviors, the extent to which these appraisals may be distorted and children’s level of risk of having behavioral problems. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Data were collected from female caregivers of preschoolers. Reliable and valid instruments measured family factors, demographic characteristics, comfort in parenting, appraisal of behaviors, daily stress, parenting stress, depressive symptoms, social support, ratings of children’s behaviors, and distortion in the ratings. Analyses included ANOVA, ANCOVA, Chi-square, simultaneous and hierarchical linear regressions. Results indicated that family typology was not associated with the female caregivers’ appraisals of children’s behaviors or distortion of caregivers’ ratings of behaviors; however, it was associated with risk of having children with behavioral problems. In the simultaneous regressions models, greater discomfort with parenting and greater perceived daily stress were associated with more negative appraisals of children’s behaviors by the female caregivers and Caucasian race and higher distortion in behavioral ratings were associated with higher risk of behavioral problems in children. Social support did not buffer the effects of caregiver depression on appraisals of children’s behaviors or level of risk of children having behavioral problems.

Demenssjuka ville så långt som det är möjligt behålla sin självständighet i vårdandet. Närståendevårdares kärlek och stöd betraktades värdefullt för de demenssjuka för att uppleva trygghet. Även sjuksköterskan uppskattade närståendes närvaro och såg dem som en resurs i vården. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva närståendes erfarenheter av att vårda en person med demenssjukdom. Metod: Den valda metoden var en systematisk litteraturstudie där kvalitativa studier analyserades. Dataurvalet granskades enligt Evans (2002) analysmetod och bestod av 11 artiklar. Resultat: Efter analysen presenterades tre huvudteman och sex subteman i resultatet. Dessa belyste närståendes erfarenheter av en förändrad relation genom att de fick en ny roll att bemästra och insåg att de gradvis höll på att glida isär. Den nya rollen medförde begränsningarna i den egna vardagen, eftersom den tog all deras tid och energi och ledde till social isolering. För att orka vårda fann de styrka på olika sätt. Slutsatser: Slutsatser var att de erfarenheter närståendevårdarna hade från vården av de demenssjuka, oftast beskrevs som en känslomässigt påfrestande uppgift. Stödet blev därför mycket betydelsefullt för att finna styrkan att vårda. Vårdandet medförde en stor förändring i närståendes liv, då de fick anta en roll i relationen som de inte var vana med.

<p>Caregivers of individuals with dementia describe a wide spectrum of caregiving experiences, ranging from very negative to very positive. Previous literature acknowledges these differing experiences, but how and why they differ has rarely been investigated. Dementia caregiving can be burdensome with many psychological, physical, social and financial challenges. However, it can also be an opportunity for growth and transcendence as caregivers find meaning in caregiving. High levels of mutuality (the perception that the quality of the care relationship is positive), reportedly ameliorates negative caregiver outcomes. Thus, this dissertation consists of three studies that explore aspects of the caregiver-care recipient relationship that may enhance positive caregiving experiences. </p><p> The first study was a secondary analysis of factors related to caregivers' perceptions of care relationship mutuality over a 12 month period. Caregivers who reported high mutuality were less likely to be depressed and more likely to provide care for longer periods before deciding to institutionalize the care recipient. The second study was a secondary analysis of caregiver interviews. It revealed that caregivers who reported a positive caregiving experience described both their past and present relationship in loving terms and reported that they understood their care recipient could not reciprocate. These caregivers focused on aspects of the relationship that still existed, rather than on what they had lost. They expressed satisfaction with caregiving, were other-focused, and reported little caregiving burden. The third study was a qualitative descriptive study. Caregivers who reported finding meaning in caregiving were interviewed to explore how they were able to do so. These caregivers used strategies such as accepting the situation, deciding to care, choosing a positive attitude, focusing on the blessings of caregiving, and actively seeking care resources. They demonstrated altruistic values and the determination and discipline to live those values. They also possessed strong faith, love, and social support, and said they had derived strength from past challenges.</p><p> Clinicians and researchers should explore the quality of the caregiving relationship as a critical factor in caregiver and care recipient outcomes. Caregiver interventions should include relationship-building skills and empathy building techniques to offset adverse caregiver outcomes and enhance understanding and acceptance of changes that occur in the care recipient over time.</p> / Dissertation

Caregivers of children with chronic illnesses or disabilities face challenges in their various roles as parents and providers of ongoing medical needs that often impact the daily life of the family. Research has shown that many of these caregivers experience emotional distress and psychological maladjustment due to multiple factors associated with being a caregiver. Little research has looked specifically at a unique group of caregivers of children with severe neurodisabilities who require varying degrees of respiratory care including ventilator support. This present study utilized data collected at the Arkansas Center for Respiratory Technology Dependent Children (ACRTDC) outpatient clinic. The data describes the prevalence of caregiver-reported experiences related to general health and psychological adjustment. It was hypothesized that this specific group of caregivers would report relatively high levels of distress related to disability severity and resulting respiratory care management plan. It was further hypothesized that family coping and constructive versus dysfunctional problem-solving styles would be predictive of general and mental health outcomes. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test these hypotheses. Descriptive statistics revealed that the caregivers reported symptoms that were comparable to those of the general population. Neither demographic variables nor respiratory care management scores were predictive of scores associated with somatic complaints, depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, general health and mental health. Caregivers differed on criterion variables based on differences in one of the coping subscales that measured social support, self-esteem and psychological stability. This relationship was observed on scores of somatization, depression, general health and mental health, but not with anxiety. Social problem-solving scores accounted for significant variance in scores of caregiver distress above that accounted for by family coping. Only negative problem orientation (NPO) accounted for a significant proportion of variance in scores of caregiver health and well-being. This strong relationship was observed on scores of somatization, depression, anxiety and mental health but not general health. Implications of results and directions for future studies are presented.

An improved understanding of the costs of diseases is obtained by conducting a case study of the costs associated with end stage renal disease (ESRD). In estimating the costs of ESRD, the costs incurred by both patients and their primary unpaid caregivers are calculated. Most economic studies of the costs of diseases ignore either the patients’ or unpaid caregiver side, focusing on one or the other. From a theoretical standpoint, it is shown unpaid caregiving lowers the costs of diseases to society. Unpaid caregiver lowers the cost, because for unpaid caregiving to occur, the net benefits of unpaid caregiving must be lower than the net benefits of hiring a paid caregiver. Using patients and their primary caregivers at the Gambro Dialysis Center in College Station, Texas as a case study, estimated total ESRD costs range from $84,000 to $121,000 / year / case. The distribution of these costs is positively skewed. Of the total costs, approximately 2% to 25% can be attributed to unpaid caregiving. Excluding direct medical costs in total ESRD costs, unpaid caregiving is 14% to 65% of total ESRD costs. Consideration of unpaid caregiving costs is, therefore, an important component of the costs of diseases. These estimates are conservative as the costs associated with lifestyle changes and health effects are noted, but no monetary value is placed on them. Results also indicate the patients’ and caregivers’ perception of the quantity of caregiving varies. An alternative water supply system to improve the efficiency of water supply systems taking into account water pricing, marketing, and treatment costs is proposed. This system treats and supplies water differently depending on the source of the water and if the end-use of the water is a potable or non-potable use, then may reduce treatment costs. Decreased treatment costs may make more stringent water standards more affordable. More stringent water standards may cause a decrease in the risk of water-related diseases including ESRD induced by water-borne toxins. Reducing the risk of ESRD will reduce society’s costs associated with chronic illnesses. Possible benefits and costs of the proposed system are discussed, but not calculated.

No description available.

Bakgrund: I hemsjukvården ges den patientnära omsorgen vanligen av en anhörigvårdare och utan dem skulle befolkningens omsorgsbehov inte kunna tillgodoses. Anhörigvårdare upplever sig behöva kontinuerligt stöd från sjukvården. Det sociala stödet är en viktig del av vad som upprätthåller individen men det är omtvistat huruvida socialt stöd ska komma från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Syftet var att genom en begreppsanalys förtydliga begreppet socialt stöd med inriktning mot användning och betydelse för anhörigvårdare. Metod: Begreppsanalysen följer Rodgers Evolutionary Concept Analysis. Artikelsökning genomfördes i 20 databaser. Det slutliga urvalet bestod av 38 artiklar ur vilka synonyma/relaterade termer, antecedenter, kännetecken, konsekvenser och exempel av socialt stöd identifierades. Resultat: Resultatet visar att större delen av det sociala stödet kommer från resurser utanför hälso- och sjukvården men samtidigt att vissa stödinsatser var verkningslösa om de inte kom från utbildad personal. Resultatet diskuterades utifrån Husted och Husteds omvårdnadsteori The Symphonological Bioethical Theory och den vidare analysfasen. Konklusion och implikation: Socialt stöd finns och erbjuds anhörigvårdare men behöver anpassas utifrån anhörigvårdarens situation för att få avsedd verkan. Resultatet kan hjälpa distriktssköterskor att konkret stödja anhörigvårdare och därigenom minska risken för ohälsa kopplad till att vara anhörigvårdare. Vidare studier behövs för att ta ett bredare grepp på ämnet och utreda hur anpassningen kan ske så att anhörigvårdarna både kan erbjudas och ta emot det sociala stödet. / Background: Within home nursing most of the care is carried out by a family caregiver and without them the needs of the citizens would not be met. Caregivers feel they need continuous support from health care professionals. Social support is an important part of what sustains the individual but it is disputed whether the social support should come from health professionals. The aim was to, through a conceptual analysis, clarify the concept of social support with focus on the use and importance of caregivers. Method: The study follows Rodgers’ evolutionary method of concept analysis. Searches were made in 20 databases and the final sample consisted of 38 articles from which surrogate/related terms, antecedents, attributes, consequences and examples from social support were identified. Results: The results shows that the greater part of social support comes from outside the health care but that at the same time, some support measures were ineffective if they did not come from trained personnel. The results are discussed based on Husted and Husteds’ Symphonological Bioethical Theory and the further analysis phase. Conclusion and implication: Social support to caregivers needs to be tailored to the caregivers’ needs in order to have the intended effect. This result can help district nurses to understand how to support caregivers and thereby lessen their risk of health detoriation. Further research is needed to take a broader perspective on the subject and examine how social support can best be adapted so that carers can both be offered and receive social support.