Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-08T13:18:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DO MESTRADO - RENAN.pdf: 2412478 bytes, checksum: 4cfaf4abac06be681bb16b4db23db3a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T13:18:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DO MESTRADO - RENAN.pdf: 2412478 bytes, checksum: 4cfaf4abac06be681bb16b4db23db3a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / A busca de métodos que possam auxiliar na atualização de produtos cartográficos existentes e propiciar uma base cartográfica atual é de fundamental importância para o planejamento urbano e consequentemente para o gerenciamento de todo o território nacional. As feições que devem ser atualizadas nos produtos cartográficos podem ser obtidas a partir de imagens de sensoriamento remoto e fotografias aéreas. E um dos atributos das feições que pode ser usado é a cor que é amplamente utilizado na extração pela análise visual e também pode auxiliar na extração automática das feições. Nessa dissertação, tem-se uma abordagem levando em consideração a extração pela cor usando a morfologia matemática e espaço de cores RGB e HSV. Denota-se Morfologia, por ajudar na análise de formas e objetos, e Matemática, por esta análise se basear na teoria de conjuntos, topologia, reticulados. A morfologia matemática foi inicialmente desenvolvida para análise de imagens binárias, onde a abordagem linear não se mostrava eficiente, e depois foi estendida para níveis de cinza. Nessa dissertação trabalha-se com as imagens no espaço de cores. Utiliza-se as ferramentas da morfologia matemática denotadas de erosão, dilatação e gradiente para a segmentação e detecção de bordas das imagens. Essas ferramentas e os espaços de cores RBG e HSV são a base dos algoritmos para a obtenção das bordas das feições na imagem, obtendo-se como resultados as feições do tipo estradas, edificações e vegetações existentes na imagem de alta resolução (ortofoto). A metodologia com gradiente no espaço HSV gera o melhor resultado e semelhante com fotointerpretação (interpretação visual). / Methods that assist a cartographic updating products and provide a current map base is fundamental importance for urban planning and therefore for managing the entire national territory. Features that must be updated in cartographic products can be obtained from remote sensing images and aerial photographs. And one of the attributes of the features that can be used is the color that is widely used in extraction by visual analysis and can also assist in the selfextracting features. In this dissertation, there is an approach considering the color extraction using mathematical morphology, RGB and HSV color space. It denotes Morphology, because of the analysis of shapes and objects, and mathematics, because this analysis is based on set theory, topology, lattices. Mathematical morphology was initially developed for the analysis of binary images, where the linear approach showed no efficient and was then extended to gray levels. In this dissertation, it works with images in color space. It uses the tools of mathematical morphology denoted erosion, dilation and gradient for segmentation and detection of images of edges. These tools and RBG color space and HSV are the basis of algorithms for obtaining the edges of the features in the image, obtaining thus the features of the type roads, existing buildings and vegetation in high resolution image (orthophoto). Methodology with gradient with HSV space is shown the best result and similar with photointerpretation (visual interpretation).

Este trabalho procurou fazer uma reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica no ensino escolar de Geografia, focalizando as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo professor iniciante na transposição didática do saber universitário para o saber ensinado e na escolha das metodologias a serem utilizadas em sala de aula. Procuramos uma metodologia que auxiliasse nossos jovens a sistematizar e compreender o grande volume de informações a que temos hoje e correlacioná-las a sua própria realidade. Através da elaboração de croquis cartográficos pretendemos, pois, investigar o processo de desenvolvimento do raciocínio geográfico em nossos alunos de 3º ano do Ensino Médio, tendo por fim contribuir com a proposta metodológica de Cartografia no ensino de Geografia de Simielli (1996). Acreditamos que esse encaminhamento apropriado a uma abordagem em pesquisa-ação, valorizou uma participação mais ampla e ativa de nossos alunos e buscou a autonomia dos mesmos, proporcionando-lhes um aprendizado continuado. / The main purpose of this work was to reflect on the pedagogic methods used to teach Geography in schools. A special emphasis was given to discuss the difficulties faced by beginning teachers in the situation where they have to didactically transfer their academic knowledge to their students in a way that will permit it to be assimilated. We have also discussed how to choose the methodology to be applied in the classes. We have looked for a methodology that would help our children to systematize and understand a large amount of information, and to make it easily accessible and related to their own reality. Using the elaboration of cartographic sketches, we have intended to investigate the process of the development of geography thoughts in our third grade high school students, with the objective of using the methodological cartography proposed in the studies of geography from Simielli (1996).

Esta tese apresenta uma visão geral das teorias de Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), em especial a semiótica, o pragmatismo (ou pragmaticismo) e a doutrina do continuum, ou sinequismo, aplicadas ao universo do signo cartográfico. Mediante o estudo de publicações realizadas a partir dos principais manuscritos originais do autor, procuramos desenvolver uma investigação das bases teóricas e conceituais que permeiam seu amplo arcabouço filosófico, para então aplicá-las às quatro teorias cartográficas específicas que correspondem à estrutura principal da tese: do signo, do objeto, do interpretante e da comunicação. Nesses capítulos apresentamos uma série de teorias de Peirce voltado à análise do fundamento do signo cartográfico, da relação que estabelece com o seu objeto e dos efeitos que efetivamente produz ou potencialmente pode produzir na realidade, bem como uma ampla apresentação de conceitos pertinentes à linguagem e comunicação cartográfica. Assuntos os mais diversos tais como linguagem e informação cartográfica, variáveis perceptivas, incluindo a cor, cartografia e cognição, novidades tecnológicas, entre outros, são contemplados em diálogo aos pressupostos filosóficos de Peirce e vários autores referenciais em cartografia e Geografia. Após, aplicamos parte do conhecimento para uma breve análise semiótica de diversos mapas, incluindo os que foram elaborados pelo próprio autor da tese, durante o desenvolvimento da mesma. Consideramos que a as teorias de Peirce podem ser aplicadas não apenas para o entendimento dos elementos envolvidos no signo cartográfico, mas inclusive para a compreensão do objeto ao qual ele se refere, o espaço geográfico que o signo professa representar. / This thesis presents an overview of the theories of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), in particular the semiotics, pragmatism (or pragmaticism) and doctrine of the continuum, or synechism, applied to the universe of the cartographic sign. Through the study of publications made from the original manuscripts of the author, we seek to develop a investigation of the theoretical and conceptual bases that permeate its broad philosophical framework, to then apply them to the four specific cartographic theories that correspond to the main structure of the thesis: the sign, the object, the interpretant and the communication. In these chapters we present a series of Peirce\'s theories focused on the analysis of the basis of the cartographic sign, the relation it establishes with its object and the effects that it actually produces or potentially can produce in reality, as well as a broad presentation of concepts pertinent to language and cartographic communication. The most diverse subjects such as language and cartographic information, perceptual variables, including color, Cartography and cognition, technological novelties, among others, are contemplated in dialogue with the philosophical presuppositions of Peirce and several reference authors in Cartography and Geography. Afterwards, we applied part of the knowledge to a brief semiotic analysis of several maps, including those that were elaborated by the thesis author, during the development of the same one. We consider that Peirce\'s theories can be applied not only to the understanding of the elements involved in the cartographic sign, but also to the understanding of the object to which he refers, that is, the geographical space that the sign professes to represent.

Neste trabalho procura-se discutir a linguagem cartográfica para o ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina de Geografia. Nesse sentido entende-se que a Cartografia é uma linguagem visual, que deve estar presente nas aulas de Geografia. Ressalta-se que, essa linguagem cartográfica deve ser ensinada desde as séries inicias do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Inclusive, que deve permanecer até o final do ensino médio no currículo escolar, em todas as séries. O objetivo é fazer com que os mapas façam sentido para os alunos, uma vez que, como linguagem que são, possuem um potencial comunicativo relevante no ensino e na aprendizagem. No entanto, para ficar clara a ideia do ensino e da aprendizagem que se espera efetivar, procura-se também trabalhar com autores que discutem o desenvolvimento da psique infantil, o currículo escolar e a escola. A intenção é compreender como ocorre o ensino e a aprendizagem e quais seriam os procedimentos didático-pedagógicos que permitiriam que esse processo se efetivasse nas aulas de Geografia. Nesse sentido foram pensados procedimentos e planos de aulas para o ensino dos conteúdos geográficos por meio do ensino da sintaxe das regras da representação gráfica conforme a Semiologia gráfica de Jacques Bertin. A partir da apreensão da sintaxe das regras da Semiologia Gráfica os alunos poderiam adquirir mais conhecimentos geográficos do que se apenas vissem os mapas temáticos como ilustração de textos. Os alunos apresentariam ganhos cognitivos e maior interesse pela disciplina de Geografia. Adquiririam também conhecimentos sobre a importância e representação dos fluxos e das redes geográficas para uma Cartografia adequada a uma Geografia renovada e perceberiam o potencial das anamorfoses para a representação do espaço geográfico como uma dimensão do social. Trabalha-se, portanto, com a concepção de espaço geográfico segundo a qual o espaço é relativo, produto da sociedade, um componente social. / In this work seeks to discuss the language mapping for teaching and learning the discipline of geography, because it understands that cartography is a visual language that must be present in geography lessons. It should be emphasized, including the need for such maps represent the geographical space as a component of society. From this understanding, we must think how to express graphically the dimension relations issues arising from central to geography such as distance, for example, in favor of school discipline Geography. In this sense it is used as the reference parameter of a desired mapping to be used in education that focuses on the relationships between objects and actions, and thus express the contemporary geographical space. For that, minimally graphical representation of the grammar should be known by students and teachers of this discipline, because it establishes that the maps must reproduce graphically the relationship of diversity, order and proportionality between the geographic objects by visual relationships of the same nature. This grammar structure of the graphic language, and if applied correctly in the construction of the map allows it to transmit the content of the information by viewing the finished map. The goal is to make theme maps make sense to students, in order to pass these students to be critical readers of maps with which we normally encounter. You can not criticize what you do not know. Accordingly, during the didactic and pedagogical procedures that allow the structuring of the cartographic language by students will be able to also develop the language of geography. It is evident that there is an urgent need for new forms of representation that are satisfaction with the new dimensionly. In this sense it has to be through the teaching of grammar syntax of the graphical representation according to Jacques Bertin\'s Semiology of Graphics to reach this goal. It is noteworthy that by observing the procedures suggested students also acquire knowledge about the importance and representation of geographic networks and flows to a Cartography appropriate for a geography that also is renewed. Realize even the potential of anamorphosis to represent the geographical space as a social dimension.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-07-24T12:27:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunacristinaflausinosantiago.pdf: 6665989 bytes, checksum: 29d12d4cdf915ae26341c9c4a1673f23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-25T15:07:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunacristinaflausinosantiago.pdf: 6665989 bytes, checksum: 29d12d4cdf915ae26341c9c4a1673f23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-25T15:08:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunacristinaflausinosantiago.pdf: 6665989 bytes, checksum: 29d12d4cdf915ae26341c9c4a1673f23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T15:08:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunacristinaflausinosantiago.pdf: 6665989 bytes, checksum: 29d12d4cdf915ae26341c9c4a1673f23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / Na busca pela Geografia escolar que se vincule à realidade espacial contemporânea aos educandos, a cidade e seus locais habituais aos discentes aparecem como alternativa, como ente a ser explorada pelo professor no intento de educar. Diante do exposto, com o olhar voltado para o ensino da Geografia escolar e, mais especificamente para o campo da linguagem cartográfica, a presente pesquisa partiu das indagações: o mapa mental como recurso didático contribui para o ensino da Geografia escolar? A análise de mapas mentais confeccionados pelos educandos possibilita que o professor compreenda as noções espaciais construídas por eles? Em nossa hipótese de trabalho, as respostas para as questões apresentadas são positivas. Trazemos como objetivo geral verificar as potencialidades dos mapas mentais elaborados por discentes enquanto recurso didático no ensino da Geografia escolar. O recurso didático explorado foi o mapa mental no contexto da Geografia escolar a partir da análise de conteúdo de mapas mentais proposta pela metodologia Kozel. A complexidade espacial aciona o uso das linguagens como forma de alcançar a aprendizagem dos fenômenos. Para alcançar a compreensão dos mapas várias habilidades e leituras devem ser movimentadas, pois, esse instrumento é imbuído de informações através de diferentes símbolos. Através das manifestações espaciais é possível compreender as entranhas de uma sociedade em toda a sua complexidade relacional. Assim, os mapas mentais nos dizem muito sobre a percepção espacial do sujeito, esse recurso nos indica de onde o sujeito fala. A confecção e leitura dos mapas mentais contribui para o alcance dos níveis da alfabetização cartográfica e apreensão dessa linguagem. Por mais que os mapas no geral, codificados ou decodificados pelos estudantes se restringem a informação de localização no espaço, as lógicas espaciais que perpassam tal localização devem ser focadas pelo trabalho docente. / Searching for the scholar Geography that is linked to the students’ contemporary reality, the city and their habitual place seem to the student as an alternative, like an entity to be explored by the teacher who is aiming to teach. Against what was showed, looking at the Geography teaching process and, more specifically, to the cartographic language field, this research started off from the questions: does the mental map as a teaching resource contribute to teaching Geography in schools? Do the analysis of mental maps made by the students help the teacher to understand the space notions built by them? In our hypothesis of work, the answers to the questions above are positives. We bring as general objective to verify the potentialities of mental maps elaborated by the students as a teaching resource of scholar Geography. The didactic resource used was the mental map in the context of scholar Geography from the analysis of the mental maps’ content proposed by Kozel methodology. The spatial complexity activates the use of languages as a way to achieve the full comprehension of the phenomena. To achieve the maps comprehension, many abilities and readings must be used, because this instrument is imbued with information through different symbols. Across the spatial manifestations, it is possible to understand the roots of a society in its whole relational complexity. Thus, the mental maps tell us a lot about the subject’s spatial perception, so this appeal indicates the place where the individual speaks from. The confection and reading of mental maps contribute to reaching the levels of literacy and apprehension of cartographic language. As much as the maps in general, encoded or decoded by the students, are restricted, the information related to their location in space, the spatial logics that pass through such location must be focused during the teaching practice.

Production of cartographically correct countour lines from airborne laserscanning data in flat terrain Abstract The thesis is dedicated to the creation of contour lines from the data of airborne laserscanning in flat areas. For creation of contour lines in these parts is necessary specific generalization, that smooths unwanted artifacts, but does not delete the shapes, which are characteristic for the relief. The first part of the thesis is to serve as a short insight into the areas on which it is built, this thesis: the principle of airborne laserscanning and basic information on the contour line model. On the basis of technical literature are defined the requirements for the correct representation of the contour and cartographicly presented the different types of the DEM and generalization of contours. The main aim of this work is to design an algorithm that will combine several methods of generalization of contour while maintaining altitude accuracy as well as other requirements on their cartographicly the right terms, and to test this approach in several territories. In conclusion, the results of the methods of work and its implementation critically evaluated and outlined other possible developments of this issue. Keywords hypsography, airborne laserscanning, digital cartography, contour lines,...

The doctoral thesis is focused on the purpose use of existing symbol sets of national map series to create a new harmonized set and to effective use of existing symbols of large scale maps. The theoretical part deals with the development of the theoretical concept of cartographic language, possibilities of cartographic interpretation and procedures for creating symbol sets. This part also provides an overview of national and international organizations and a summary of legislation, which are related to cartographic production and which seek to facilitate sharing and transfering of data among states. Furthermore, this thesis evaluates the current possibilities of purpose use of symbol sets with emphasis on converging cartographic outputs within the Czech Republic and the European Union. The main aim of the thesis is to design a new symbol key, which will be used by the Land Survey Office to distribute a new edition of national map series. The development of new symbols follows the comparison of cartographic interpretation on maps published by national organizations in the Czech Republic and selected countries of the European Union. Simultaneously the whole national map series is undergoing fundamental innovations. This is also described in the thesis. This part of the thesis was created in closed cooperation with the Land Survey Office in Prague and with the support of the Military Geographical and Hydrometeorological Office of General Josef Churavý in Dobruška. The comprehensive symbol set of the new Base Topographic Maps of the Czech Republic at a scale of 1:5 000, 1:10 000, 1:25 000, 1:50 000, 1:100 000 and 1:250 000 is the main result of this thesis. There is designed solution for more effective use of existing symbols in the form of a purpose-built database of symbols for the creation of large scale maps in conclusion of this thesis.

Development cartographic means of expression for representing castles on old maps of the Bohemia Abstract This thesis examines the development of cartographic means of expression that are used for the display of castles, palaces, strongholds and ruins on the old maps of Bohemia in the period from the early 16th century to early 18th century. The work evaluates the positional inaccuracies of location of interest sites through cartometric analysis. The first part is theoretical, in which the issues outlined cartographic semiotics and cartographic expression. Next two parts deal with the oldest cartographic references of the Bohemia, or the description of the analyzed maps. Further, the thesis illustrated the method by which the analysis are extracted. The chapter summarizes contains results of findings. Keywords: old maps of Bohemia, signs for castles, cartographic semiotics, cartometric.

Simplification of contour lines in flat areas The diploma thesis is focused on the cartographic generalization of contour lines derived from dense point clouds in flat territories, where the original contour lines tend to oscillate. The main aim is to propose, develop and test a new algorithm for the contour simplification preserving the given vertical error and reflecting the cartographic rules. Three methods designed for large scale maps (1 : 10 000 and larger) are presented: the weighted average, modified Douglas-Peucker and potential-based approach. The most promising method is based on the repeated simplification of contour line segments by calculating the generalization potential of its vertices. The algorithm is implemented in Python 2.7 with the use of Arcpy library was tested on DMR5G data, the simplified contour lines were compared with the result created by a professional cartographer. Achieved results are presented on attached topographic maps. Keywords: contours, cartographic generalization, digital cartography, vertical buffer, smoothing, GIS

The master's thesis is concerned with a comparison of cartographic symbols used in thematical maps of a large scale. The purpose of the comparison is evaluation of uniformity currently used cartographic symbols and creating tutorial database of symbols for students. The thesis is divided to the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part includes thematical maps, cartographic symbols, laws for thematical maps and issues of their timeliness. The practical part is focused on comparison of cartographic symbols used in thematical maps of different authors. There is also described in this part creating of cartographic symbols database.