M.A. / South Africa is a multiracial and multicultural society, and the diversity of languages reflect a complex and differentiated nation. This investigative study attempts to show how South Africans from different cultural and linguistic groups experience the humour in the Madam & Eve comic strips and whether, to some extent, they share a common sense of humour. The study starts with an investigation into the relationship between culture and language through the Sapir and Whorf hypothesis. Furthermore the study discusses the relationship between culture, language and humour to show that humour is in many instances culture specific. In culture-specific humour, the humour tends to be at the cost of people from a different cultural group; thus “we” can laugh at “them”. The study also defines humour and investigates the working of humour through the superiority theory, the relief theory and the incongruence theory. The discussion shows that participants in humour need to share the right context and knowledge before they can enjoy the humour. The study looks at comic strips as a genre and how humour operates in comic strips. The investigation also discusses the background on and the characters in the Madam & Eve comic strips. The discussion shows the humour in the Madam & Eve comic strips depicts social issues, racial relationships, especially the relationship between the white Madam, her elderly mother and the black Eve, crime in South Africa and politics. An empirical survey serves as the vehicle to investigate how respondents from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds experience the humour in Madam & Eve. The different examples were chosen to see if respondents experienced certain types of humour depicted in the comic strips in a negative way. The study includes analysis of the different racial and linguistic groups’ experience of the humour depicted in the comic strips included in the questionnaire to show differences in different groups’ experiences. Although some of the respondents took a more neutral stance to some of the ethnic humour depicted in Madam & Eve, generally speaking the respondents experienced the humour depicted in the comic strips in a positive way.

Cette étude vise à analyser l’image ambiguë de la culture thaïlandaise contemporaine à travers un regard extérieur. En ayant pour but de reconstituer « l’image à partir des images », nous menons une analyse à la croisée de corpus hétérogènes : des photographies et des dessins de presse réalisés par des auteurs occidentaux. Le travail élabore une analyse impliquant les deux démarches complémentaires de la sémiologie et de la sémiotique. Une approche sémiologique, qui sert à étudier les signes visuels (iconiques, plastiques et linguistiques) et leurs traitements symboliques et une approche sémiotique qui est introduite pour dégager les significations, la structure profonde et les isotopies fondamentales. Ces corpus concernent certains aspects culturels comme, par exemple, les nouveaux visages de la religion bouddhiste, la transformation des pratiques traditionnelles, l’influence des cultures étrangères, les nouvelles expressions symboliques. Cette recherche met en évidence la coexistence d’éléments incongrus dans la représentation culturelle, ce qui permet de dégager une image de l’évolution contemporaine de l’identité thaïlandaise, avec ses floues, ses doutes et ses équivoques. Ce regard permet également de voir un pays qui se cherche, oscillant entre tradition et modernité, le bouddhisme et le capitalisme, le spirituel et le matériel, l’identité et l’altérité, l’être et le paraître. La vie sociale et culturelle est présentée ici comme prise dans une dynamique de transformation permanente issue de l’acculturation et de la tendance corrélative au syncrétisme chez les Thaïlandais / This study aims to analyze the ambiguous image of contemporary Thai culture through different points of view. Our purpose is to establish an interpretation of Thai cultural identity from images. Hence, an analysis has been conducted, based on heterogeneous objects of study: photography and press cartoons created by western authors. Two complementary approaches, which are semiology and semiotics, have been elaborated. A semiological approach is used to study visual signs (iconic, plastic and linguistic) and symbolic expressions whereas a semiotic approach is applied to identify the meanings, the structural analysis and the basic isotopies. The selected images allow us to explore some Thai cultural representations such as new aspects of Buddhism, transformation in traditional practices, influence of foreign cultures, new symbolic expressions... This research also reveals the coexistence of incongruous elements in Thai cultural representation and reflects the image of the contemporary evolution of the Thai identity with its confused, undefinable and ambiguous aspects. Thailand, in the eyes of foreign observers, is a country searching for its identity, oscillating between tradition and modernity, Buddhism and capitalism, spiritual and material, identity and alterity, substance and appearance. Thai social and cultural life is presented as a dynamic in continuous transformation, which is the result of the acculturation in the globalized world and the tendency for syncretism of Thai people

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Tereza Cattacini Blois.pdf: 2016172 bytes, checksum: c929b1f60890841b929f3bffdb3feae3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / This study aims to identify and analyze referencing as a strategy in building humor in editorial cartoons. The above mentioned objectives were motivated by the observation of political cartoons regarding the mensalão scandal, in which we found the recurrence of referencing in cartoons creation process, thus revealing the writer s communicative purpose and guiding the reader in the construction of meaning. To achieve our purpose, we built up the corpus of this study with eleven cartoons from the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, selected between August and October 2012, about the judgment treated by the media as the biggest corruption case in the Brazilian political history, and we proceeded the analysis based on the referencing studies as those performed, today, in the field of texts studies in an interactional sociocognitive perspective as well as on humor studies. In this investigation, we found out that referencing builds the humorous speech through different modalities of language, allowing the construction of the subject in the cartoon review also influencing the meaning effects promoted by the written media. Moreover, we have observed the mensalão - which is the main topic of the cartoons - and we have found out through the present analysis that the subject is classified and reclassified in the discursive activity, in which the politician image is projected, thereby influencing the opinion of newspaper readers / Objetivamos, neste trabalho, identificar e analisar a referenciação como estratégia na construção do humor em charges jornalísticas. Tais objetivos foram motivados pela observação de charges políticas referentes ao mensalão, nas quais encontramos a recorrência da referenciação na produção da charge, revelando assim, o propósito comunicativo do escritor e orientando o leitor na construção de sentido. Para atingir nosso propósito, constituímos o corpus do trabalho com onze charges do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, selecionadas de agosto a outubro de 2012, acerca do julgamento que foi tratado pela mídia como o maior caso de corrupção da história política brasileira, e procedemos com a análise baseando-nos nos estudos de referenciação tal como realizados, hoje, no campo dos estudos do texto, em uma perspectiva sócio-cognitiva interacional bem como nos estudos do humor. Nesta investigação, verificamos que a referenciação constitui o discurso humorístico por meio de diferentes modalidades da linguagem possibilitando a construção do referente na crítica da charge, e influenciando os efeitos de sentidos promovidos pela mídia escrita. Além disso, observamos o mensalão - que é tema das charges e constatamos que, na análise realizada, o referente é categorizado e recategorizado na atividade discursiva, no qual é projetada a imagem do político, influenciando, assim, a opinião dos leitores do jornal

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarisseSetyon.pdf: 3064354 bytes, checksum: 691003c35c0cbd33ad18cc7e83926d68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / Considering that media culture is also consumer culture, communication and consumption feature as fundamental social practices in today´s world. Analyzing the strong presence of themes related to sexuality in the current media production, a scenario, here named the mercantilization of the sexual sphere, is unveiled. This scenario has post-modernity and the society of the spectacle as its background. This is the social environment where autonomous individuals, in search of the so-called security, are eagerly looking not only for rules and behavior models, but also for the ongoing improvement of their subjectivities. This is necessary in order to reach a stand out position in relation to their peer groups. It is visible, today, the proliferation of a large collection of products, services and abilities related to what we are here defining as consumption practices in the arena of sexual relations. Many are the media speeches which have been supporting this type of mercantilization, rendering practices and object s into products and services available in the retail market. In this present study, we have examined advertising campaigns and TV programs which deal with contemporary sexuality. More specifically, this work aims to examine the speech provided through the cartoons of Adão Iturrusgarai, published in the largest Brazilian daily newspaper. From the large and varied production of this author, we have selected a series of comic strips, which, we believe, function as an acid social criticism of the contemporary sexuality in the language of the cartoons. / Considerando que a cultura midiática é também cultura de consumo, comunicação e consumo aparecem como práticas sociais fundamentais na contemporaneidade. Analisando a forte presença da tematização da sexualidade na produção midiática atual, descortina-se um cenário que aqui está sendo denominado mercadorização do sexual. Este cenário tem como pano de fundo a pós-modernidade, a sociedade do espetáculo, o espaço social onde indivíduos autônomos, em busca de uma pseudosegurança procuram, avidamente, não apenas regras e modelos de conduta como também o constante aprimoramento de suas subjetividades a fim de alcançar posição de destaque junto aos seus grupos de referência. Nota-se hoje em dia a proliferação de uma vasta gama de produtos, serviços e saberes relacionados ao que estamos chamando de práticas de consumo no âmbito das relações sexuais. São muitos os discursos midiáticos que têm colaborado para esta mercadorização da esfera sexual, transformando práticas e objetos em produtos e serviços à disposição no m ercado de varejo. Nesta reflexão sobre a tematização do sexual na cultura midiática, são examinadas campanhas publicitárias e programas de TV que tratam da sexualidade contemporânea. Mais especificamente, este trabalho pretende examinar o discurso elaborado através das tirinhas de Adão Iturrusgarai, publicadas no jornal Folha de S.Paulo. Da vasta e variada produção do autor, recortamos para esse nosso estudo uma série de tiras que, a nosso ver, tomam como tema a sexualidade contemporânea e funcionam como ácida crítica social por meio da linguagem das histórias em quadrinhos.

Em determinado período de sua história, o Charlie Hebdo passou a abordar o tema do fundamentalismo islâmico em suas charges. A figura sagrada para os muçulmanos foi, então, representada satiricamente em diversas edições, até que em 7 de janeiro de 2015, após uma série de conflitos entre o jornal e os extremistas islâmicos, a sede do semanário francês foi alvo de um ataque terrorista, com doze vítimas fatais. É para esse contexto que nossa pesquisa direciona a sua atenção. Analisaremos um conjunto de oito charges publicadas pelo Charlie Hebdo no período de 8 de fevereiro de 2006 a 6 de janeiro de 2016. O propósito, ao examinar semioticamente esse corpus, é descrever os mecanismos de construção do sentido das charges para compreender de que maneira o chargista, como um éthos ou um modo polemizador de presença, exacerbou satiricamente a doutrina islâmica e a figura religiosa emblemática para provocar o riso e criticar o fundamentalismo. Em nossa pesquisa, a noção de gênero será incorporada com o apoio teórico de Bakthin (2003; 2008; 2010; 2014; 2016), o que permitirá reconhecer as principais características da charge, conforme determinada temática, composição e estilo. Também a partir dos apontamentos bakhtinianos, definiremos mecanismos discursivos presentes nas charges: ironia, humor, sátira e polêmica. Dessa definição, surgirão os elementos que despontam as características do gênero e, consequentemente, o estilo Charlie Hebdo de satirizar. Com base nesse ponto, esperamos compreender o que teria força argumentativa para provocar a ira dos fundamentalistas. Em nosso estudo, buscaremos expor, sobretudo, os princípios relativos à semiótica greimasiana. Consideraremos, portanto, para nossa investigação as bases da semiótica narrativa e discursiva (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 2016). Mas teremos o respaldo ainda da semiótica visual (FLOCH, 1985; 1986a; 1986b; 2013), com o intuito de entender como a forma do plano da expressão e do plano do conteúdo, conforme postulada por Hjelmslev (2003), vai ao encontro da substância da expressão e do conteúdo nesses textos verbo-visuais. Ao tomar corpo, nossa pesquisa encontrará apoio teórico e metodológico também na semiótica tensiva (ZILBERBERG, 2011). Nesse ponto, mostraremos os segmentos das charges que fazem crescer a intensidade da voz satírica e o seu potencial para causar atritos com o sujeito fundamentalista. Os resultados demonstrarão que a voz satírica do Charlie Hebdo é construída essencialmente por meio da presença exacerbada do outro, cujos valores julgados negativos são intensamente expostos. O alvo da crítica, o fundamentalismo islâmico, é assim desmoralizado por suas próprias atitudes. Essa forma de fazer sátira remete ao modelo de construção do gênero charge; entretanto, o que parece diferenciar o conteúdo das charges analisadas é a instalação da relação dialógica (BAKHTIN, 2016) entre sujeitos extremamente antagônicos, com intensa probabilidade de conflito nos (des)encontros das enunciações interdiscursivas. / At some point in its history, Charlie Hebdo began to address the theme of Islamic fundamentalism in its cartoons. Since then, the holy image for Muslims was satirically represented in several editions. It had happened up to January 7, 2015, when, after a series of misunderstandings between the newspaper and Islamic extremists, the headquarters of the French weekly newspaper was the target of a terrorist attack, having as consequence, twelve fatal victims. It is in this context that our research is directed. We will analyze a set of eight cartoons published by Charlie Hebdo in the period from February 8, 2006 to January 6, 2016. The purpose in examining semiotically this corpus, is to describe the mechanisms of construction of the meaning of the cartoons to understand how the cartoonist, as an ethos or a polemizing mode of presence, satirically exaggerated Islamic doctrine and the emblematic religious image to provoke laughter and criticize fundamentalism. In our research, the notion of genres will be incorporated with the theoretical support of Bakthin (2003; 2008; 2010; 2014; 2016), which will allow us to recognize the main characteristics of the cartoon, according to a specific theme, composition and style. Also from the Bakhtinian notes, we will define discursive mechanisms present in the cartoons: irony, humor, satire and polemic. From this definition, the elements that emerge the characteristics of the genre and, consequently, the Charlie Hebdo style of satirizing will appear. Based on this, we aim to understand what could have an argumentative force to provoke the wrath of fundamentalists. In our study, we will try to expose, above all, the principles related to greimasian semiotics. We will therefore consider for our investigation the bases of narrative and discursive semiotics (GREIMAS and COURTÉS, 2016). But we will still have the support of visual semiotics (FLOCH 1985, 1986a, 1986b, 2013), in order to understand how the form of the plane of expression and the content plane, as postulated by Hjelmslev (2003), meets the substance of expression and content in these verbal-visual texts. Whereas the development of these points brings consistence to our research, we will also find theoretical and methodological support in the tensive semiotics (ZILBERBERG, 2011). At this point, we will show the segments of the cartoons that increase the intensity of the satirical voice and its potential to cause friction with the fundamentalist subject. The results will demonstrate that Charlie Hebdo\'s satirical voice is essentially built through the exacerbated presence of the other, whose negatively judged values are intensely exposed. The target of criticism, Islamic fundamentalism, is thus demoralized by its own attitudes. This way of doing satire refers to the construction model of the genre \"cartoon\"; However, what seems to distinguish the content of the analyzed cartoons is the establishment of the dialogical relationship (BAKHTIN, 2016) between extremely antagonistic subjects, with an intense probability of conflict in the (dis) encounters of interdiscursive enunciation.

O presente estudo apresenta os desenhos que se destacaram nos 50 anos de televisão no Brasil, descreve algumas características de conteúdo e inserção na programação televisiva e na nossa Cultura e, com base nesses aspectos, faz uma comparação entre os desenhos de ontem e de hoje. A partir de dados relativos a origem, ano de produção e apresentação, narrativa e personagens dos desenhos mais representativos, ficou constatado que os conteúdos abordam temas semelhantes, independente de origem ou época, e as diferenças se devem a características de construção decorrentes de avanços tecnológicos e de condições de inserção no mercado televisivo, cada vez mais atreladas às questões de marketing de produtos derivados dos mesmos. Uma análise da participação do desenho animado na formação das crianças deve considerar o universo representado por essas mediações, uma vez que o desenho corresponde ao espaço de brincadeira na cultura contemporânea, é o programa preferido pelas mesmas, revive mitos e arquétipos e contribui para o desenvolvimento dos processos cognitivos e do imaginário infantil / The following study presents the cartoons that were in evidence in the television after the 50\'s. It described the contents, the TV transmission and the importance brought to our culture. In spite of the origin, production year, veiculation year, narrative and characters of the main cartoons, it was noticed that they have sim ilar subjects. The main differences are related to cultural context, technological practices used in the production and special commercial conditions. The success of a cartoon was directly related to the possibility of selling new products to the children as toys. magazines and other things. The importance of the cartoons for children\'s development is extremely consistent with the universe that they represent. They are the preferred \"children\'s play\" in the contemporary culture. The cartoons revive myths, archetypes and contribute for the cognitive and childish imaginary development.

Em determinado período de sua história, o Charlie Hebdo passou a abordar o tema do fundamentalismo islâmico em suas charges. A figura sagrada para os muçulmanos foi, então, representada satiricamente em diversas edições, até que em 7 de janeiro de 2015, após uma série de conflitos entre o jornal e os extremistas islâmicos, a sede do semanário francês foi alvo de um ataque terrorista, com doze vítimas fatais. É para esse contexto que nossa pesquisa direciona a sua atenção. Analisaremos um conjunto de oito charges publicadas pelo Charlie Hebdo no período de 8 de fevereiro de 2006 a 6 de janeiro de 2016. O propósito, ao examinar semioticamente esse corpus, é descrever os mecanismos de construção do sentido das charges para compreender de que maneira o chargista, como um éthos ou um modo polemizador de presença, exacerbou satiricamente a doutrina islâmica e a figura religiosa emblemática para provocar o riso e criticar o fundamentalismo. Em nossa pesquisa, a noção de gênero será incorporada com o apoio teórico de Bakthin (2003; 2008; 2010; 2014; 2016), o que permitirá reconhecer as principais características da charge, conforme determinada temática, composição e estilo. Também a partir dos apontamentos bakhtinianos, definiremos mecanismos discursivos presentes nas charges: ironia, humor, sátira e polêmica. Dessa definição, surgirão os elementos que despontam as características do gênero e, consequentemente, o estilo Charlie Hebdo de satirizar. Com base nesse ponto, esperamos compreender o que teria força argumentativa para provocar a ira dos fundamentalistas. Em nosso estudo, buscaremos expor, sobretudo, os princípios relativos à semiótica greimasiana. Consideraremos, portanto, para nossa investigação as bases da semiótica narrativa e discursiva (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 2016). Mas teremos o respaldo ainda da semiótica visual (FLOCH, 1985; 1986a; 1986b; 2013), com o intuito de entender como a forma do plano da expressão e do plano do conteúdo, conforme postulada por Hjelmslev (2003), vai ao encontro da substância da expressão e do conteúdo nesses textos verbo-visuais. Ao tomar corpo, nossa pesquisa encontrará apoio teórico e metodológico também na semiótica tensiva (ZILBERBERG, 2011). Nesse ponto, mostraremos os segmentos das charges que fazem crescer a intensidade da voz satírica e o seu potencial para causar atritos com o sujeito fundamentalista. Os resultados demonstrarão que a voz satírica do Charlie Hebdo é construída essencialmente por meio da presença exacerbada do outro, cujos valores julgados negativos são intensamente expostos. O alvo da crítica, o fundamentalismo islâmico, é assim desmoralizado por suas próprias atitudes. Essa forma de fazer sátira remete ao modelo de construção do gênero charge; entretanto, o que parece diferenciar o conteúdo das charges analisadas é a instalação da relação dialógica (BAKHTIN, 2016) entre sujeitos extremamente antagônicos, com intensa probabilidade de conflito nos (des)encontros das enunciações interdiscursivas. / At some point in its history, Charlie Hebdo began to address the theme of Islamic fundamentalism in its cartoons. Since then, the holy image for Muslims was satirically represented in several editions. It had happened up to January 7, 2015, when, after a series of misunderstandings between the newspaper and Islamic extremists, the headquarters of the French weekly newspaper was the target of a terrorist attack, having as consequence, twelve fatal victims. It is in this context that our research is directed. We will analyze a set of eight cartoons published by Charlie Hebdo in the period from February 8, 2006 to January 6, 2016. The purpose in examining semiotically this corpus, is to describe the mechanisms of construction of the meaning of the cartoons to understand how the cartoonist, as an ethos or a polemizing mode of presence, satirically exaggerated Islamic doctrine and the emblematic religious image to provoke laughter and criticize fundamentalism. In our research, the notion of genres will be incorporated with the theoretical support of Bakthin (2003; 2008; 2010; 2014; 2016), which will allow us to recognize the main characteristics of the cartoon, according to a specific theme, composition and style. Also from the Bakhtinian notes, we will define discursive mechanisms present in the cartoons: irony, humor, satire and polemic. From this definition, the elements that emerge the characteristics of the genre and, consequently, the Charlie Hebdo style of satirizing will appear. Based on this, we aim to understand what could have an argumentative force to provoke the wrath of fundamentalists. In our study, we will try to expose, above all, the principles related to greimasian semiotics. We will therefore consider for our investigation the bases of narrative and discursive semiotics (GREIMAS and COURTÉS, 2016). But we will still have the support of visual semiotics (FLOCH 1985, 1986a, 1986b, 2013), in order to understand how the form of the plane of expression and the content plane, as postulated by Hjelmslev (2003), meets the substance of expression and content in these verbal-visual texts. Whereas the development of these points brings consistence to our research, we will also find theoretical and methodological support in the tensive semiotics (ZILBERBERG, 2011). At this point, we will show the segments of the cartoons that increase the intensity of the satirical voice and its potential to cause friction with the fundamentalist subject. The results will demonstrate that Charlie Hebdo\'s satirical voice is essentially built through the exacerbated presence of the other, whose negatively judged values are intensely exposed. The target of criticism, Islamic fundamentalism, is thus demoralized by its own attitudes. This way of doing satire refers to the construction model of the genre \"cartoon\"; However, what seems to distinguish the content of the analyzed cartoons is the establishment of the dialogical relationship (BAKHTIN, 2016) between extremely antagonistic subjects, with an intense probability of conflict in the (dis) encounters of interdiscursive enunciation.

Review of Drawing my times cartoons by Bulbul, a thirty year retrospective. Arachne Publishing: Mountain View, CA, 2001. (ISBN 0940483173)

The geopolitical significance of Pakistan in the Global War on Terror has led to multiple instances of the US acting in an extra-territorial manner. Repeated territorial intrusion by the US strains US-Pakistan relations because extra-territoriality is viewed as a violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty. This study analyzes Pakistani-English political cartoons to examine the ways the US extra-territoriality is represented. Approximately 2940 political cartoons are collected from four Pakistani-English newspapers: Dawn, The Express Tribune, The Nation, and The News. Wallerstein’s world-system theory provides the theoretical backdrop to demonstrate the explicit (military) and implicit (economic, cultural, and political/diplomatic) means a hegemonic-core power can act extra-territorially towards a state in the periphery. A combination of content analysis and social semiotic analysis methodologies is used. Content analysis reveals a total of 323 US-related political cartoons that are classified into themes of economic, cultural, military, and political/diplomatic depictions in political cartoons. A visual social semiotic analysis deconstructs the visual rhetoric of extra-territoriality as expressed in the various themed political cartoons. The outcome of these two methodologies provides a holistic illustration of the ways US extra-territoriality in a sovereign but periphery state like Pakistan is viewed.

At this exact moment, graphic novels are enjoying a heyday of popularity, profusion and attention. As the graphic novel medium matures and detaches itself from the “non-serious” reputation of comics, it is becoming clear that graphic novels are a powerful and effective art form, using the both verbal and the visual to relay their narratives. Portrait, the short graphic novel that is my senior art project, is intended to emphasize the artist’s book character of the graphic novel, and serve as an example of how a graphic novel’s artist’s book characteristics allow communication of the artist’s message effectively.