This essay evaluates social constructivist theory by analyzing how it brings understanding to an empirical case. The case under study is the Danish Muhammad Cartoon Controversy of 2005-2006, and by using a constructivist conceptualization of identities and norms this essay attempts to demonstrate how constructivism helps in understanding the event where rationalist theories fall short. This essay concludes that these two concepts do further understanding of various social elements that contributed to the explosiveness of the conflict but that there is a difficulty in establishing causality and outlining in detail how they do so.

Many people assume that editorial cartoons are easily understood by the bulk of the population. For this reason, editorial cartoons are often used as teaching materials in the classroom. Recent research, however, raises doubts as to the effectiveness of this practice. Investigations by Bedient (1971) and DeSousa & Medhurst (1982) determined that the majority of students (grade 5 through college) could not interpret editorial cartoons. These investigators went on to suggest that a logical next step would be to determine if editorial cartoon literacy can be taught. The cognitive style of the participants was examined to determine if the different teaching strategies were differentially effective vis-a-vis field dependence and field independence. Two presentations (treatments) were designed to model methods of reading editorial cartoons. The Whole Cartoon Analysis presented 25 editorial cartoons along with a 100-200 word interpretation of each cartoon. The Parse Analysis Treatment was accomplished in three steps rather than the one for the Whole method. In step one, the whole cartoon is presented with a short gloss of the meaning. In step two all of the cartoon is visually suppressed except for one visual meaning element. This element of the cartoon is discussed and then the next element of the cartoon is added, and so on until the entire cartoon is back on the screen at which point the overall meaning is discussed. The dependent variable of the investigation was the two-part Editorial Cartoon Interpretation Task. Part A asked each participant to enumerate the symbols in the cartoon and define them as to meaning. Part B asked the participant to write a short thematic interpretation of the cartoon. A two-way Analysis of Variance on the data revealed no significant differences in either the main effects or the interaction. / Ed. D.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-06T12:55:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cibeli Morais Pereira.pdf: 2015883 bytes, checksum: 0cd02026c18c049f79dc76a80346a7ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T12:55:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cibeli Morais Pereira.pdf: 2015883 bytes, checksum: 0cd02026c18c049f79dc76a80346a7ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / This present piece of work has as a objective to analyse the linguistic discursive construction found in the cartoons by Angeli. The corpus is composed by four cartoons published by Folha de São Paulo newspaper relating the period from January 2016 to September 2016, regarding Dilma Rousseff´s impeachment. We believe that cartoons provide rewarding experiences with issues related to language and humour as a social phenomenon which expresses an opinion leader character. The theoretical principles are based on humour concepts presented and discussed in the studies of Bergson (1993), Propp (1992), Travaglia(1990), as well as in the Discourse Analyses in media context from Charaudeau`s perspective (2005, 2006, 2009, 2014, 2015). Firstly, we proceed to present the corpus and historical aspects which involve the selected cartoons. We resumed the history, trying to understand how humour was explained by scholars and theoreticians chosen for this study. We managed to identify the linguistic elements of humour in cartoons and the effects of understanding of such cartoons. Finally, after corpus analyses, we realized that humour not only criticizes, but also derides those who distance from social standards / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a construção linguístico-discursiva do humor nas charges de Angeli. O corpus é composto por quatro charges, publicadas no jornal Folha de S. Paulo, referente ao período de janeiro de 2016 a setembro de 2016, a respeito do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff. Acreditamos que os textos humorísticos possibilitam gratificantes experiências com as questões da língua e do humor como um fenômeno social que exprime um caráter formador de opinião. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se em conceitos de humor apresentados e discutidos nos estudos de Bergson (1993), Propp (1992), Travaglia (1990), bem como na Análise do Discurso em contexto midiático sob a perspectiva de Charaudeau (2005, 2006, 2009, 2014, 2015). Primeiramente, procedemos à apresentação do corpus e dos aspectos históricos que abarcam as charges selecionadas. Realizamos uma retomada histórica, procurando conhecer como o humor foi explicado pelos pensadores e teóricos, escolhidos para esta pesquisa. Analisamos os mecanismos linguístico-discursivos do humor nas charges e os efeitos de sentido. Finalmente, após a análise do corpus, percebemos que o humor pode não só criticar, como também pode ridicularizar aqueles que se distanciam das normas sociais

by Cheung Hiu Wan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [135-140]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement / Abstract / List of figures / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Scope of Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Methodology --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Historical Development of Comics in China / Chapter 2.1 --- Comics History before1949 --- p.24 / Chapter 2 . 2 --- Comics under the Reign of Chinese Communist Party --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- Beijing Cartoon after the Open Door Policy --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 3 . --- Interaction with the Leaders of Beijing Publishing House / Chapter 3.1 --- Leaders´ةExpectation for Beijing Cartoon --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Discrepancy between the Senior and Junior Editors --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3 --- Editors' Comments on Interaction with the Leaders of the Beijing Publishing House --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Interaction with the Senior Artists / Chapter 4.1 --- Cartoon Art Festival98 --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Invasion of Japanese Comics --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Essence of Comics with Chinese Features --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4 --- The Expected Role of the Chinese Government --- p.67 / Chapter 4.5 --- The Editors´ة Comments on Cartoon Art Festival98 --- p.68 / Chapter 4 . --- 6 Concluding Remarks --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Interaction with the Junior Artists / Chapter 5.1 --- Social Status of the Junior Artists --- p.12 / Chapter 5.2 --- Cooperation with Beijing Cartoon --- p.11 / Chapter 5.3 --- Why do they Join the Comics Business --- p.79 / Chapter 5.4 --- Agreement and Terms of Payment --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summer Camping: Market Mechanism and Autonomy in Artists' Creation --- p.88 / Chapter 5.6 --- The Editors' Expectation on the Roles of The Artists --- p.96 / Chapter 5.7 --- Artists' Comments on the Educational Aspect of Comics --- p.98 / Chapter 5.8 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- The Interaction with the Readers and Elders / Chapter 6.1 --- Whom were and Whom are the Comics for? --- p.104 / Chapter 6.2 --- Parents and Teachers: Comics for Education --- p.105 / Chapter 6.3 --- Parents and Teachers: Sex and Violence in Japanese Comics --- p.107 / Chapter 6.4 --- More than Sex and Violence in Japanese Comics --- p.110 / Chapter 6.5 --- Nippon´ؤcentric and Militarism of Japanese Comics --- p.115 / Chapter 6.6 --- Better Academic Performances and More Choices --- p.115 / Chapter 6.7 --- The Popularity of Comics among the Teenagers --- p.118 / Chapter 6.8 --- Feedback from the Comics Readers --- p.121 / Chapter 6.9 --- The Conflicts: More Education or More Entertainment --- p.122 / Chapter 6.10 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.12 5 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.127 / Appendix / References

Yang, Jing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-135). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review --- p.p.14 / Bodies --- p.p.15 / Spaces --- p.p.19 / Bodies-Spaces --- p.p.23 / "Fantasy, Organization & Gender" --- p.p.28 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Methodology --- p.p.36 / Data Collection --- p.p.36 / Date Analysis --- p.p.41 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Fantastic Bodies-Spaces / The ACG Fantasy of Maid --- p.p.43 / Geographical Location & Imaginary Location --- p.p.46 / Inventing Names & Dressing Up --- p.p.50 / "Home, Sweet Home" --- p.p.57 / Fantastic Bodies-Spaces --- p.p.61 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Organizational Bodies-Spaces / "Maid Date, A Profit-Organization" --- p.p.66 / White Maid Date & Black Maid Date --- p.p.67 / Redrawing the Boundaries Between Home and Work --- p.p.70 / Working as Professionals --- p.p.74 / Supervision --- p.p.79 / Organizational Bodies-Spaces --- p.p.82 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Gendered Bodies-Spaces / Display of Femininity & Male Gaze --- p.p.87 / Butler's Day --- p.p.93 / Gendered Bodies-Spaces --- p.p. 100 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.p.103 / Appendix --- p.p.117 / Reference --- p.p.122

Thesis (MA (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / According to Nattrass (2007:138), the denial and questioning of the science of HIV/AIDS at government level by, amongst others, Thabo Mbeki (former State President) and Manto Tshabalala-Msimang (former Minister of Health) resulted in an estimated 343 000 preventable AIDS deaths in South Africa by 2007. Such governmental discourse of AIDS denialism has been the target of criticism in the media and by activist groups such as the Treatment Action Campaign. This study investigates the nature of this criticism, specifically considering the critical use of metaphor in visual texts such as the political cartoons of Jonathan Shapiro, who works under the pen name of “Zapiro”. The purpose is to determine whether the nature of the criticism in visual newspaper texts differs from that of corresponding verbal newspaper texts, possibly providing means of criticism not available to the verbal mode alone. A corpus of texts published between August 1999 and December 2007 that topicalise HIV/AIDS was investigated. This includes 119 cartoons by Zapiro, and 91 verbal articles in the weekly newspaper Mail & Guardian. The main theoretical approach used in the analyses is Conceptual Metaphor Theory, developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1981), and its extension to poetic metaphor, developed by Lakoff and Turner (1989). Because of the socio-political nature of the problem of HIV/AIDS, the study also draws on Critical Discourse Analysis, including complementary concepts from Systemic Functional Linguistics. The study reveals that visual and verbal texts make use of similar sets of conventional conceptual metaphors at similar frequencies, which confirms the predictions of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The study further reveals that the cartoons enrich these metaphors through four specific mechanisms of poetic metaphor, which the verbal articles do not. This indicates a significant difference between the two types of texts. Furthermore, it is found that the use of such poetic metaphors directly contributes to the critical power of the political cartoons. The study indicates that multi-modality in cartoons, which triggers single metaphoric mappings, adds a dimension to the critical function of the text that is absent in the verbal equivalent. The finding that the visual texts enable a form of cognition that is not available to verbal texts, poses one of the most significant avenues for future research. Thus, cartoons apparently achieve a type of criticism that is not found, and may not be possible, in the verbal texts alone. This makes the political cartoon a text type with an important and unique ability to articulate political criticism.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There are vanous definitions of the concept humour, each depending on the perception thereof. Such perceptions are influenced by shared experiences, culture, milieu and individual creativity. Pictorial humour is divided into various sub genres such as the caricature, cartoon and comic strip. Each one of these sub genres portrays an individual process of development, both locally and globally. The work of TO Honiball forms part of this tradition. His artistic personality and sense of humour is unmistakably portrayed in his creative work. Honiball became famous as a political cartoonist and played an important role in the rise of the National Party, seeing that his association with the Nasionale Pers provided him with a forum as opinion-former. It is said that his comic strips Oom Kaspaas, Jakkals en Wolf and Adoons-hulle influenced different age groups and even people who were not Afrikaners. It was however mainly Afrikaans-speaking people who strongly identified with these strips due to the strong Afrikaans character thereof. Various instances own Honniballiana, where it is being preserved and is available for research purposes. A number of marketing initiatives were launched to promote the work of Honiball, mainly by TO Honiball-Promosies. Despite the fact that much of his work is dated, new interest is generated by utilising his work in educational programmes. Honiball's body of work is a source for culture-historical research seeing that it offers references to the tangible and intangible culture of Afrikaans-speaking South Africans during his lifetime. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Etlike definisies bestaan van die begrip humor, afhangend van die persepsie daarvan. Sodanige persepsies word beïnvloed deur onder andere gedeelde ondervindings, kultuur, milieu en individuele kreatiwiteit. Pikturale humor word onderverdeel in verskillende sub-genres, soos die karikatuur, spotprent en strokie. Hierdie sub-genres toon elk 'n afsonderlike ontwikkelingsgang, plaaslik en globaal. Die werk van TO Honiball vorm deel van dié tradisie. Sy kunstenaarspersoonlikheid en humorsin word eweneens onmiskenbaar verbeeld in sy skeppings. Honiball het bekendheid verwerf as politieke spotprenttekenaar en het 'n belangrike rol gespeel in die opgang van die Nasionale Party, omdat sy verbintenis met die Nasionale Pers aan hom 'n forum gebied het om as meningsvormer op te tree. Daar word beweer dat sy strokiesreekse Oom Kaspaas, Jakkals en Wolf en Adoons-hulle verskillende ouderdomsgroepe en selfs mense van ander volksgroepe as die Afrikaner bereik het. As gevolg van die eg- Afrikaansheid daarvan het egter hoofsaaklik Afrikaanssprekendes sterk aanklank daarby gevind. Verskillende instansies is in besit van Honiballiana, waar dit bewaar word en beskikbaar is vir navorsingsdoeleindes. 'n Aantal bemarkingsinisiatiewe is geloods om Honiball se werk te promoveer, hoofsaaklik deur TO Honiball-Promosies. Ten spyte van die feit dat talle voorbeelde van sy werk gedateer is, word nuwe belangstelling gegenereer deur middel van die aanwending van sy werk in opvoedkundige programme. Honiball se oeuvre bied bronne vir kultuurhistoriese navorsing aangesien dit verwysings bied na die geestelike en stoflike kultuur van Afrikaanssprekendes gedurende sy leeftyd.

The illustrative work of Edward Linley Sambourne for Punch magazine during the period 1901-1910 addresses a myriad of political topics prevalent during the Edwardian period in British history. This thesis examines two of those topics - Women's Suffrage and Socialism - through their artistic treatment by one of Britain's most influential periodicals. Through a study of the historical context and iconography of selected cartoons-of-the-week, one is better equipped to understand and appreciate the meaning, message, and humor in the cartoons. Chapter 1 introduces the Sambourne, Punch magazine, and the Edwardian period in general. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss four Women's Suffrage cartoons and four Socialism cartoons respectively. Chapter 4 draws conclusions regarding Sambourne's techniques as a cartoonist as well as the relationship between the text and image in his illustrations.

Superiority, control, and dominance theories of disparaging humor were reviewed, and sexist humor was studied as representative of the field. The effects of educational level and sex of subject on the judgment of humor in sexist material were investigated, utilizing a set of 50 cartoons and jokes devised to approximate overlapping standard curves on the dimensions sexist content and humor. Subjects were 71 males and 73 females, comprising 84 undergraduates and 60 doctoral graduate students. Each subject performed a forced Q sort of the jokes, with 104 rating for humor and 40 rating for sexism to establish content weights. Subjects' rankings, age, sex, and educational level were recorded upon completion of the task. Significant negative correlations were found between educational level and judgment of humor in sexist material, and female subjects judged sexist material to be significantly less funny than males. Some support was indicated for existing theories.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTO-BRAIT_DISSERTACAO-MESTRADO.pdf: 676813 bytes, checksum: 4f5d793a29defeaba7c348b0221a902a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-25 / Cartoons are one of the ways of entertainment that occupies a great part of the Brazilian children's life. However, the cartoons broadcasted by television companies in Brazil, are not worried about the cultural, social and historical context. Most cartoons that are shown here, are from the USA, Europe and Japan, and they have as a cultural reference, the daily routine from the countries where they are produced. The Japanese cartoons were chosen to the basis of this project, because this kind of cartoons, "anime", is considered violent. The child, before getting into the television and cartoon universe, is inside the family and society; this act needs to be taken into account. The purpose of this project is to discuss about the way the Brazilian children interpret the relations between power and violence from Japanese cartoons, giving them sense, according to Brazilian society. / Os desenhos animados são uma forma de entretenimento que ocupa grande parte do tempo da vida das crianças brasileiras. Porém os desenhos exibidos pelas emissoras nacionais não são feitos visando as crianças que fazem parte do universo cultural, social e histórico brasileiro. Os desenhos animados exibidos no Brasil são importados dos EUA, Japão e Europa, com as referências culturais desses países. A criança, antes de entrar no universo da informação televisiva, já está inserida dentro da sua família e da sociedade, e compartilha com eles os costumes e a história que lhe antecedeu; possui uma consciência que lhe servirá de referência para a assimilação de sentidos e significados em relação as informações que recebe. Os desenhos animados japoneses, "animês", são sempre citados quando se fala sobre violência na televisão, a proposta do presente trabalho é discutir a forma com que as crianças brasileiras interpretam as relações de poder e violência dos desenhos japoneses, dando-lhes sentido de acordo com as estruturas construídas nas suas relações cotidianas.