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Legitimacy-seeking organizational strategies in controversial industries: a case study analysis and a bidimensional modelReast, Jon, Maon, F., Lindgreen, A., Vanhamme, J. January 2012 (has links)
No / Controversial industry sectors, such as alcohol, gambling, and tobacco, though long-established, suffer organizational legitimacy problems. The authors consider various strategies used to seek organizational legitimacy in the U.K. casino gambling market. The findings are based on a detailed, multistakeholder case study pertaining to a failed bid for a regional supercasino. They suggest four generic strategies for seeking organizational legitimacy in this highly complex context: construing, earning, bargaining, and capturing, as well as pathways that combine these strategies. The case analysis and proposed bidimensional model of generic legitimacy-seeking strategies contribute to limited literature on organizational legitimacy in controversial industry sectors. In addition, beyond organizations active in controversial contexts, this study and its implications are useful for individuals and organizations supporting or opposing the organizational legitimacy of organizations in controversial industries.
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合法賭場治理之法律問題研究─以新加坡及澳門法規範為中心 / A study of the Casino's Governance─Focusing on Singapore & Macau's regimes吳家林, Wu, Ja Lin Unknown Date (has links)
對於我國是否應開放合法賭場?在台灣已爭論十年以上。2009年1月23日修正公布《離島建設條例》增訂第10條之2,正式開啟我國於離島設置合法賭場之可能。
從中國澳門及美國開放合法賭場帶來經濟效益的經驗,加以新加坡2005年4月18日宣布,將開放成立兩處賭場度假村(Integrated Resort)以掌握賭場帶來的巨大觀光收益與稅收,似提供贊成我國引進合法賭場經營的有利論證。然對我國政府或官員而言,甚至學術研究領域,仍屬於相當陌生的新興產業;尚缺乏全盤性理解,尤其是外國法制的規範架構及內容的了解。
本論文以新加坡及澳門賭場管理法制為研究中心,採比較法學的方法,分析此二政府對賭場管理法制架構之異同,以作為我國未來建構賭場管理法制架構及內容之參考。另歸納賭場管理法的法律性質,及引進經濟學分析闡述其與賭場管理法制設計之關聯,是本論文另一重點所在。透過經濟學比較靜態的分析,提供新的法制設計思維。
本論文不辦證「開放合法賭場之利弊得失?」,而直接進入「政策已決定我國將開放合法賭場經營」之假設。就賭場管理法之法律性質,本研究歸納五項:一、是引進新興產業及增加投資的法律;二、是特許經營的法律;三、是具嚴格監控的法律;四、是慎選國家代理人的法律;五、是重視社會成本最小化的法律。此於第二章有詳細說明,並定位本論文之總論。
本論文第三章以下為各論之法制研究。分別以賭場特許執照之核發與撤銷、賭場營運之治理、賭場內部控制制度、賭場專責機關之設立等4章,作為分析新加坡及澳門賭場管理法制之架構。
最後,提出本研究之結論與建議:一、開放賭場合法化,應同時考量經濟利益與社會成本的效益;二、應建立嚴格治理的監理法制;三、設計降低社會影響衝擊的機制;四、強化股權控制與關係人之規範;五、賭場內部控制內容應提升至法律位階;六、賦予賭場專責機關較大的監理權限。
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Urbanisme et architecture balnéaire de la Côte de Jade : 1820-1975 / Town planning and sea-side architecture of the Coast of Jade : 1820-1975Aoustin, Agathe 14 December 2013 (has links)
Depuis sa fréquentation par les premiers curistes étrangers en 1820 jusqu’à l’édification du pont de Saint-Nazaire et de la Route Bleue en 1975, le paysage de la Côte de Jade a connu de profondes mutations. Terre inculte et délaissée à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, cette partie du littoral atlantique devient, dès les premières années du XIXe siècle, la destination privilégiée de baigneurs étrangers attirés par les bienfaits des eaux ferrugineuses et des bains de mer. Le charme pittoresque de ce paysage caractérisé par l’alternance de côtes escarpées et de longues étendues de sable fin sous un couvert de pins maritimes invite à l’évasion et au dépaysement. D’abord réservées à l’exigence d’une clientèle aristocratique et bourgeoise, les stations deviennent au milieu du XXe siècle le rendez-vous d’un tourisme de masse et la silhouette de la côte est profondément modifiée. Ces villes de bord de mer sont le reflet des grandes mutations de la société et répondent à des contraintes fonctionnelles, morphologiques et idéologiques liées à leur implantation géographique et à leur époque. L’habitat balnéaire, représentatif des goûts de son propriétaire et de l’enthousiasme croissant des maîtres d’œuvre pour cette nouvelle architecture saisonnière, consacrée au repos et aux loisirs, est conditionné par la présence de la mer puis du soleil. Malgré la diffusion de modèles de construction dans les catalogues d’architecture, la liberté d’interprétation de ces programmes crée une importante diversité stylistique, spécifique à l’architecture balnéaire. / Between the time that it was first frequented by foreign visitors taking the waters for their health in 1820 and the building of Saint Nazaire’s bridge and the Blue Road in 1975, the landscape of the Jade Coast has undergone significant changes. On virgin coastline that had been left undeveloped at the end of the 18th century, this part of the Atlantic coast became a favourite destination for foreign bathers in the early years of the 19th century, attracted by the benefits of chalybeate spring waters and the chance to bathe in the sea. The picturesque charm of this varied landscape, with its steep coast mixed with long sandy beaches and pine trees, was an invitation to enjoy an escape and a change of scenery. Having been initially devoted to the demands of an aristocratic and middle class clientele, seaside resorts became, in the middle of the twentieth century, the meeting place for large numbers of tourists and consequently the form of the coastline has been modified substantially. These seaside resorts reflect the profound changes to our society, and as well as being constrained by function, morphology and ideology, they are responses to their geographical location and to their date. Seaside housing reflects the taste of owners and a growing enthusiasm among developers for this new seasonal architecture dedicated to relaxation and leisure, architecture conditioned by the presence of the sea and the sun. Despite the spread of building models through architectural catalogues, the variety of interpretation of these models creates a broad stylistic diversity, which is specific to seaside resort architecture.
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Le jeu et le pari en droit / Gaming and betting in lawNahas, Imad 07 January 2014 (has links)
Les jeux de hasard furent connus et pratiqués par l’homme depuis les premières civilisations. Mais dès l’Antiquité gréco-romaine, ces jeux se sont attirés les foudres des moralistes, ecclésiastiques, et législateurs, chacun pour ses propres motifs. Des lois sévères furent édictées par les législateurs de l’Antiquité, qui furent par la suite reprises par les canonistes et les juristes de l’Ancien droit, ainsi que par les rédacteurs du Code civil, et ce, dans le but d’éradiquer, ou du moins de cantonner cette pratique ludique. Mais le désir humain de pratiquer ces jeux de hasard fut plus fort que ces lois, et la pratique y a survécu. Au cours du XXe siècle, et alors que certains États de par le monde ont choisi la prohibition absolue, d’autres, comme la France, ont opté pour une autorisation contrôlée sous l’égide de l’État. Ainsi fut créé le triptyque prohibition-exception-monopole, sous lequel le jeu se développa considérablement. Et quand le développement technologique a permis d’offrir les jeux de hasard à travers l’internet, le secteur des jeux d’argent a atteint en France, et de par le monde, des limites jamais connues auparavant au cours de l’histoire. Mais ce développement exceptionnel a amené avec lui des défis nouveaux, notamment au plan financier et sécuritaire, mais aussi au plan européen où le modèle français monopolistique fut critiqué. Pour faire face à ces défis, de nouvelles lois furent promulguées au cours des récentes années. Mais toutes furent en deçà de l’ampleur des défis. La tâche est entamée, mais le gros du travail reste à accomplir. / Games of chance were known and practiced by man since the earliest civilizations. But all the way since the greco-roman antiquity, these games have attracted the ire of moralists, clergymen and legislators, each for their own motives. Strict laws were enacted by the Antiquity legislators, laws that were later upheld by canonists and jurists of the Old law, as well as the civil Code editors, in order to eliminate, or at least confine this recreational practice. But the human desire to enjoy these games of chance was stronger than these laws, and the practice survived. Over the course of the 20th century, and while certain States around the world chose absolute prohibition, others, like France, opted for a controlled authorization under the auspices of the State. Thus was created the prohibition-monopoly-exception triptych, under which gambling grew considerably. And when the technological development allowed games of chance to be provided through the internet, the gambling industry reached in France and around the world, limits never known before in the course of the human history. But this exceptional development has brought new challenges along, mainly in the finance and security areas, but also at the European legal level where the French monopoly model was criticized. To take up these challenges, new laws were enacted in recent years. But all fell short of the challenges scale. The task was initiated, but most of the work remains to be done.
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Ekonomické a společenské aspekty kasín a hracích automatů v příhraničí / Ekonomic and social aspects of casinos and slot machines in border areaGREGOROVÁ, Petra January 2014 (has links)
The goal of the thesis "The economic and social aspects of casinos and slot machines in the border areas" was to design an economically and socially beneficial policy towards gaming rooms and casinos in the area of the town Cheb. The work is divided into several parts. The first part deals with the experience of economic and social aspects of casinos and slot machines. In the practical part is described the situation of casinos, slot machines and gaming rooms in Cheb. Under the terms of economic factors of gambling was made the comparison of their incomes and expenditures, observations focused on tourism, the local multiplier calculation and proving the depending between unemployment and number of slot machines. In the section of social factors are characterized socio-pathological phenomena. In the last part there was suggested the policy for gambling in the town Cheb.
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Le jeu d'argent en France : de la condamnation à la banalisation (1836 - années 1960) / Gambling in France : from prohibition to common-place (since 1836 to the 1960’s)Jahn, Sandra 28 November 2014 (has links)
Les jeux d’argent sont aujourd’hui au cœur d’un débat de société. L’inquiétude qu’ils suscitent et la dangerosité qu’on leur confère se traduisent par la diffusion croissante dans les médias de discours relatifs à l’addiction. Progressivement reconnue depuis les années 80, celle-ci est significative : elle prouve que le jeu d’argent peut présenter de réelles menaces pour l’individu lorsqu’il est pratiqué avec excès. Cette dénonciation renoue avec les discours relatifs à ces pratiques sous l’Ancien Régime. Cependant, à cette époque, le jeu est essentiellement rejeté pour des raisons sociales et morales : outre de représenter un danger pour les familles, il pousse à négliger le travail et remet en cause l’ordre social établi. Entre cet « Ancien Régime » des jeux et la situation actuelle, un système transitoire a existé. En effet, entre 1836, date à laquelle une loi interdit formellement toutes les loteries, jusqu’en 1954, année de création du Tiercé, l’Etat ne cesse d’intervenir, légiférant en faveur du jeu d’argent. Cette période, qui correspond à une officialisation et à une banalisation des pratiques ludiques, est au cœur de ce travail. Il s’agit d’étudier les mutations réglementaires des jeux d’argent et les motivations qui y sont affiliées, et d’analyser les usages sociaux du temps consacré aux jeux à travers l’étude de leurs pratiques. / Money games are today the center of the attention through a burning public debate. They are usually depicted as the origin of many vices and therefore stimulate a lot of worrying from society, thus the increasing broadcasting in the major medias of their incriminated connection to addiction diseases.Addiction has been growingly associated to gambling since the 1980’s : the money games are indeed more and more denunciated for being a real threat to the individuals who excessively enjoy this special hobby.This point of view is not new and is closely connected to the Old Regime’s widely spread opinions. Nevertheless, at this specific time period, money games were mainly rejected for their social and moral downsides : not only they stood for family issues but they were also incriminated as inviting the players to neglect valuable work and/or the established society rules and habits. There has been an in-between situation between the today’s widely spread gambling activities and the prosecution from the Old Regime. Indeed the government has repeatedly issued regulations to widen the gambling activities from 1836 when there was a law against money games till 1954 when the Tiercé was offcially created. This thesis work focuses on analysing the money games activities between these 2 milestones. The main point is to study the regulations variations about the money games and the reasons behind them. An other important aspect is to analyse the social usages of the time spent on money games through their various shapes and identities.
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Identification of Problem Gambling via Recurrent Neural Networks : Predicting self-exclusion due to problem gambling within the remote gambling sector by means of recurrent neural networksBermell, Måns January 2019 (has links)
Under recent years the gambling industry has been moving towards providing their customer the possibility to gamble online instead of visiting a physical location. Aggressive marketing, fast growth and a multitude of actors within the market have resulted in a spike of customers who have developed a gambling problem. Decision makers are trying to fight back by regulating markets in order to make the companies take responsibility and work towards preventing these problems. One method of working proactively in this regards is to identify vulnerable customers before they develop a destructive habit. In this work a novel method of predicting customers that have a higher risk in regards to gambling-related problems is explored. More concretely, a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory cells is created to process raw behaviour data that are aggregated on a daily basis to classify them as high-risk or not. Supervised training is used in order to learn from historical data, where the usage of permanent self-exclusions due to gambling related problems defines problem gamblers. The work consists of: obtain a local optimal configuration of the network which enhances the performance for identifying problem gam- blers who favour the casino section over sports section, and analyze the model to provide insights in the field. This project was carried out together with LeoVegas Mobile Gaming Group. The group offers both online casino games and sports booking in a number of countries in Europe. This collaboration made both data and expertise within the industry accessible to perform this work. The company currently have a model in production to perform these predictions, but want to explore other approaches. The model that has been developed showed a significant increase in performance compared to the one that is currently used at the company. Specifically, the precision and recall which are two metrics important for a two class classification model, increased by 37% and 21% respectively. Using raw time series data, instead of aggregated data increased the responsiveness regarding customers change in behaviour over time. The model also scaled better with more history compared to the current model, which could be a result of the nature of a recurrent network compared to the current model used.
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Hur ökar spelandet? : en kartläggning av speldjävulens framfart / How is gambling increasing? : a survey of the spread of the evils of gamblingWernersson, Niklas January 2009 (has links)
<p>Mänskligheten har, sedan urminnes tider, ägnat sig åt spel om pengar och i vår tid har omfattningen expanderat. Under året 2006 genererade den globala spelmarknaden cirka 1 805 miljarder kronor netto, vilket kan jämföras med Sveriges bruttonationalprodukt, som motsvarande år uppgick till summan 2 832 miljarder kronor. På den totala svenska spelmarknaden omsattes detta år omkring 54 miljarder kronor brutto. Hasardspel är således en bred mondial företeelse, som är intressant att studera därför att den har en stor influens på många individers liv och ligger i tiden, vilket också återspeglas av det massmediala intresset.</p><p>Uppsatsens huvudsakliga målsättning är att klarlägga hur spelandet har ökat under inledningen av det nya millenniet. De underliggande frågorna syftar till att förklara hur denna spelomsättningsökning är fördelad mellan marknadens aktörer och spelformer, samt i vilken utsträckning spelomsättningsökningen har genererats av den tekniska och den ekonomiska utvecklingen jämte spelbolagens marknadsföring. </p><p>Syftet är att utreda hur hasardspelandet har ökat i Sverige under inledningen av det nya millenniet samt en ambition att öka läsarnas bildningsgrad av det svenska och mondiala fenomenet hasardspel.</p><p>Data har insamlats genom en induktiv och huvudsakligen kvantitativ metod, där utvalda teorier från genomgången kurslitteratur samt egna tillämpningar av dessa presenteras i de båda kapitlen om teori, medan svar från enkätundersökningar sammanställs i avsnittet om empiri. De olika delarnas innehåll sammanvävs i analysen till en konkret slutsats.</p><p>Årsomsättningen på den totala svenska spelmarknaden har från år 1999 till år 2006 stigit med omkring 17,4 miljarder kronor eller 48 procent. Nytillkomna aktörer, befintliga spelformers ökning och nya spelobjekt har tillsammans med den tekniska utvecklingen och den upptrappade marknadsföringen medverkat till denna omsättningsökning, som även är reell. Spelomsättningsökningen bör, trots att den svenska har varit och enligt mig fortsättningsvis kommer att vara större än den globala, beskrivas såsom en bred internationell trend.</p> / <p>Since time immemorial, mankind has engaged in playing different games for money and nowadays the scale of such has greatly expanded. In 2006, the global gambling market generated a net of approximately USD 279 000 million, while the Swedish domestic gambling market grossed approximately USD 8 000 million. Gambling is thus a very widespread, global phenomenon which is interesting to study because it has a big influence on many individuals' lives and is actual, which is also reflected by the interest of the mass media.</p><p>This essay's main goal is to clarify how gambling has increased in the beginning of this millennium. Some of the underlying questions aim to explain how this increase in gambling activity is divided between the gambling companies and gambling forms, as well as to what extent this increase in gambling activity has been spurred by economic and technical development, together with more intensive marketing campaigns by the gambling companies.</p><p>The purpose of this essay is to investigate how gambling has increased in Sweden in the beginning of this millennium, as well as an ambition to increase the reader's knowledge of both the Swedish and the global gambling phenomena.</p><p>Data has been collected by inductive and mainly quantitative methods. Selected theories along with my own applications of these are plainly presented in the chapters on theory, while answers from inquiries have been compiled in the empirical chapter. The content of the various sections is woven together in the analysis for a concrete conclusion.</p><p>From 1999 until 2006, the annual volume for the Swedish gambling market has increased by USD 2 700 million, or 48 percentage. Fresh gambling companies, an increase in existing gambling forms and new games of chance, together with technical development and additional intensive marketing contributed to this increase in volume, which are indeed real. This increase is a widespread, international trend, despite the fact that the Swedish gambling increase has been, and in my own opinion will continue to be, greater than the global increase.</p>
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Analyse du processus décisionnel du projet de l'aménagement du bassin Peel par Loto-QuébecChicoine, Myrabelle January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
En juin 2005, Loto-Québec a proposé au ministère des Finances le déménagement du Casino de Montréal au bassin Peel, vaste site abandonné et contaminé situé sur le territoire de l'arrondissement du Sud-Ouest. Avec ce projet, Loto-Québec voulait aménager un complexe récréotouristique ayant la signature artistique du Cirque du Soleil. En plus du casino, le bassin Peel aurait accueilli, notamment, un hôtel, un restaurant, un spa, un quai des artistes et une salle de spectacles. Aménager ce type d'infrastructure touristique en milieu urbain fait intervenir un grand nombre d'acteurs et implique, entre autres, des enjeux d'ordre économique, social et d'intégration urbaine. Ce projet, si l'autorisation avait été donnée, aurait pu engendrer des conséquences, positives ou négatives, difficilement réversibles. C'est dans ce contexte que l'analyse du projet s'inscrit sous l'angle de la sociologie politique. Cette dernière tente de comprendre des phénomènes sociaux qui sont reliés à une dynamique d'action des individus (l'aspect sociologique) dans un environnement collectif donné (l'aspect politique). Au cours des prochaines pages, nous répondrons à la question de recherche principale: pourquoi le projet de l'aménagement du bassin Peel par Loto-Québec ne s'est pas concrétisé. Pour y répondre, nous ferons appel à la sociologie de la traduction. Cette approche théorique comprend quatre étapes, soit la problématisation, l'intéressement, l'enrôlement et la mobilisation. L'analyse sera appuyée par les notions du processus décisionnel et de la gouvernance urbaine. Selon l'hypothèse retenue on s'interrogera dans un premier temps sur la capacité de Loto-Québec à présenter son projet comme étant un projet essentiel, puis deuxièmement, sur sa capacité de mobiliser suffisamment d'acteurs favorables au projet en vue de le concrétiser. À l'aide de recherches documentaires et d'entretiens semi-directifs, nous avons constaté que Loto-Québec n'a pas su problématiser son projet. Autrement dit, elle n'a pas su le rendre indispensable aux yeux de la majorité des acteurs concernée. La controverse entourant le projet de la société d'État et son incapacité à l'atténuer, notamment par des informations convaincantes, ont eu des conséquences sur la mobilisation des acteurs en faveur du projet. Cette situation a entraîné le retrait du Cirque du Soleil, forçant Loto-Québec à abandonner complètement le projet du Bassin Peel. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Loto-Québec, Casino de Montréal, Arrondissement du Sud-Ouest (Montréal, Québec), Sociologie de la traduction, Sociopolitique, Aménagement urbain.
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Hur ökar spelandet? : en kartläggning av speldjävulens framfart / How is gambling increasing? : a survey of the spread of the evils of gamblingWernersson, Niklas January 2009 (has links)
Mänskligheten har, sedan urminnes tider, ägnat sig åt spel om pengar och i vår tid har omfattningen expanderat. Under året 2006 genererade den globala spelmarknaden cirka 1 805 miljarder kronor netto, vilket kan jämföras med Sveriges bruttonationalprodukt, som motsvarande år uppgick till summan 2 832 miljarder kronor. På den totala svenska spelmarknaden omsattes detta år omkring 54 miljarder kronor brutto. Hasardspel är således en bred mondial företeelse, som är intressant att studera därför att den har en stor influens på många individers liv och ligger i tiden, vilket också återspeglas av det massmediala intresset. Uppsatsens huvudsakliga målsättning är att klarlägga hur spelandet har ökat under inledningen av det nya millenniet. De underliggande frågorna syftar till att förklara hur denna spelomsättningsökning är fördelad mellan marknadens aktörer och spelformer, samt i vilken utsträckning spelomsättningsökningen har genererats av den tekniska och den ekonomiska utvecklingen jämte spelbolagens marknadsföring. Syftet är att utreda hur hasardspelandet har ökat i Sverige under inledningen av det nya millenniet samt en ambition att öka läsarnas bildningsgrad av det svenska och mondiala fenomenet hasardspel. Data har insamlats genom en induktiv och huvudsakligen kvantitativ metod, där utvalda teorier från genomgången kurslitteratur samt egna tillämpningar av dessa presenteras i de båda kapitlen om teori, medan svar från enkätundersökningar sammanställs i avsnittet om empiri. De olika delarnas innehåll sammanvävs i analysen till en konkret slutsats. Årsomsättningen på den totala svenska spelmarknaden har från år 1999 till år 2006 stigit med omkring 17,4 miljarder kronor eller 48 procent. Nytillkomna aktörer, befintliga spelformers ökning och nya spelobjekt har tillsammans med den tekniska utvecklingen och den upptrappade marknadsföringen medverkat till denna omsättningsökning, som även är reell. Spelomsättningsökningen bör, trots att den svenska har varit och enligt mig fortsättningsvis kommer att vara större än den globala, beskrivas såsom en bred internationell trend. / Since time immemorial, mankind has engaged in playing different games for money and nowadays the scale of such has greatly expanded. In 2006, the global gambling market generated a net of approximately USD 279 000 million, while the Swedish domestic gambling market grossed approximately USD 8 000 million. Gambling is thus a very widespread, global phenomenon which is interesting to study because it has a big influence on many individuals' lives and is actual, which is also reflected by the interest of the mass media. This essay's main goal is to clarify how gambling has increased in the beginning of this millennium. Some of the underlying questions aim to explain how this increase in gambling activity is divided between the gambling companies and gambling forms, as well as to what extent this increase in gambling activity has been spurred by economic and technical development, together with more intensive marketing campaigns by the gambling companies. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how gambling has increased in Sweden in the beginning of this millennium, as well as an ambition to increase the reader's knowledge of both the Swedish and the global gambling phenomena. Data has been collected by inductive and mainly quantitative methods. Selected theories along with my own applications of these are plainly presented in the chapters on theory, while answers from inquiries have been compiled in the empirical chapter. The content of the various sections is woven together in the analysis for a concrete conclusion. From 1999 until 2006, the annual volume for the Swedish gambling market has increased by USD 2 700 million, or 48 percentage. Fresh gambling companies, an increase in existing gambling forms and new games of chance, together with technical development and additional intensive marketing contributed to this increase in volume, which are indeed real. This increase is a widespread, international trend, despite the fact that the Swedish gambling increase has been, and in my own opinion will continue to be, greater than the global increase.
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