Data collected by Australian observers, combined with logbook data supplied by all Japanese vessels fishing in the Australian Fishing Zone were used to estimate the total seabird catch and catch rates (and associated variances) within the Australian Fishing Zone by season and area. The species composition of subsamples of captured seabirds was used in conjunction with the estimates of total by-catch to provide estimates of by-catch by species. The total by-catch of all seabird species by Japanese longline within Australian waters was estimated to be 2,981 (cv 17%) for the 1992 fishing year, 3,590 (cv 15%) in 1993 and 2,817 (cv 19%) in 1994. However, the observed seabird bycatch may underestimate the total number of seabirds killed by 27%. The increase in total seabird by-catch between 1992 and 1993 is partly due to the use of monofilament nylon longline gear by two vessels in 1993, and the decrease from 1993 to 1994 was mainly due to a corresponding reduction in fishing effort. For the three years examined, 78% of the total seabird by-catch was albatrosses, with black-browed albatross (Diomedea melanophrys) and shy albatross (D. cauta) caught in the greatest numbers. Catches of yellow-nosed albatross (D. chlororhynchos), wandering albatross (D. exulans}, and grey-headed albatross (D. chrysostoma) were also substantial. The proportions of individual species caught showed considerable inter-annual variability. Most seabirds caught and killed by longline fishing are captured during line setting. Data collected by the observers were also used to determine the influence of various environmental factors and mitigation measures on seabird catch rates. Generalised linear models were used to determine the statistical significance of the effect of each factor on the seabird catch rate. Results show that the environmental factor that has the most influence is whether line setting was carried out at night or during the day. For the data examined, the chance of catching seabirds during day sets was five times greater than for night sets. For night sets, the chance of catching seabirds during the full half-phase of the moon was five times greater than during the new half-phase. Other environmental factors with significant effects were the area and season fished. Wind, cloud and sea conditions were not found to have a significant influence. Considerable variation in the seabird by-catch rate among vessels was found, which is probably due to differences in their implementation of mitigation measures, as well as the clumped distribution of seabirds by area and time. Interannual variation in the by-catch rate was found to be statistically significant but the differences among years was small in comparison to other factors. An examination of the influence of mitigation measures for sets made during the day in summer in the Tasmanian area showed that the level of bait thawing and unidentified factors related to individual vessels were most significant in determining the seabird by-catch rate, followed by the use of a bait throwing device. It was not possible to examine the influence of the use of bird scaring tori poles and lines as these were used during all sets examined in detail. For this data set, the amount of cloud cover had an influence, while moon phase, sea conditions and wind strength did not.

Mit dem Anbau von Zwischenfrüchten kann die Nitratbelastung des Grundwassers reduziert oder niedrig gehalten werden. Zwischenfrüchte verbessern und erhalten die Bodenfruchtbarkeit, erhöhen die biologische Bodenaktivität und bieten Schutz vor Erosion. Auf Feldversuchsanlagen wurden Biomasseertrag, Stickstoffaufnahme und Stickstoffdynamik im Boden verschiedener Zwischenfruchtvarianten untersucht und ausgewertet. Eine Beschreibung der einzelnen Pflanzenarten und Hinweise zur Bestandesführung soll helfen, mit einer geeigneten Zwischenfruchtmischung gute Bestände zu etablieren.

My thesis looks at the creation of moral panics surrounding childhood, sexuality, and media proliferation of “stranger danger,” in American culture. I have chosen to analyze the television program “To Catch a Predator” to illustrate the ways in which these “stranger danger” narratives are related to childhood sexual moral panics and how these two phenomena work to encourage viewership and consumerism in American culture. The exacerbation of “predator” moral panics in reality television maintains the fear of invasion of secure suburban space largely due to the portrayal of African American men as threatening and/or violent within “To Catch a Predator’s” narrative.

Fokuset i denna uppsats ligger på att undersöka hur vilken roll Catch Up spelar för de unga vuxnas återintegrering i samhället via studier och arbete. Studien vill vidare undersöka om större förmåga att integrera sig i samhället stärker deltagarens egen roll i samhället, ändrar dennes attityder mot sig själv och andra samt ökar kommunikationsförmågan. Genom denna studie hoppas vi kunna bidra till en ökad förståelse av de socialpsykologiska problem som de unga vuxna deltagarna i Catch Up upplever samt kunna förklara de problem mekanismer som försvårar unga vuxnas integrering i samhället. Verksamheten Catch Up ligger i Skövde kommun och är en del av socialtjänsten. Verksamhetens mål är myndighetssamverkan kring unga vuxna i åldrarna 18-29. För att delta i verksamheten ska individen vara beroende av försörjningsstöd samt ha ett hinder av någon form, t ex. psykisk ohälsa. Uppsatsen utgår från den symbolisk interaktionistiska traditionen med inslag av teorin om symboliskt kapital. Tillvägagångssättet har en kvalitativ grund med semistrukturerad intervju, där åtta deltagare på Catch Up intervjuades. Resultatet visade att uppmärksamheten individerna får från Catch Ups personal gör att de kan ändra sin attityd gentemot sig själv och samhället till mer positivt. Dessutom ökar och effektivera de sin kommunikationsförmåga samt skapar en större tillit till sin sociala kontext.

Mit dem Anbau von Zwischenfrüchten kann die Nitratbelastung des Grundwassers reduziert oder niedrig gehalten werden. Zwischenfrüchte verbessern und erhalten die Bodenfruchtbarkeit, erhöhen die biologische Bodenaktivität und bieten Schutz vor Erosion. Auf Feldversuchsanlagen wurden Stickstoffaufnahme, Biomasseerträge, Unkrautunterdrückung und die Kosten des Anbaus von Zwischenfrüchten und Zwischenfruchtgemenge untersucht und ausgewertet.

The human body is an intricate network of many highly regulated biochemical processes and cell adhesion is one of them. Cell adhesion is mediated by specific interactions between molecules on apposing cell surfaces and is critical to many physiological and pathological processes like inflammation and cancer metastasis. During inflammation, blood-borne circulating leukocytes regularly stick to and roll on the vessel walls, which consist in part, adhesive contacts mediated by the selectin family of adhesion receptors (P-, E- and L-selectin). This is the beginning of a multi-step cascade that ultimately leads to leukocyte recruitment in areas of injury or infection. In vivo, selectin-mediated interactions take place in a hydrodynamic milieu and hence, it becomes imperative to study these interactions under very similar conditions in vitro. The goal of this project was to characterize the kinetic and mechanical properties of selectin interactions with different physiologically relevant ligands and selectin-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) under a mechanically stressful milieu, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Elasticity studies revealed that bulk of the complex compliance came from the selectins, with the ligands or mAbs acting as relatively stiffer components in the stretch experiments. Furthermore, molecular elasticity was inversely related to selectin length with the Consensus Repeats (CRs) behaving as Hookean springs in series. Besides, monomeric vs. dimeric interactions could be clearly distinguished from the elasticity measurements. L-selectin dissociation studies with P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 (PSGL-1) and Endoglycan revealed that catch bonds operated at low forces while slip bonds were observed at higher forces. These results were consistent with previous P-selectin studies and suggested that catch bonds could contribute to the shear threshold for L-selectin-mediated rolling By contrast, only slip bonds were observed for L-selectin-antibody interactions, suggesting that catch bonds could be a common characteristic of selectin-ligand interactions. Force History studies revealed that off-rates of L-selectin-sPSGL-1 (or 2-GSP-6) interactions were not just dependent on applied force, as has been widely accepted but in fact, depended on the entire history of force application, thus providing a new paradigm for how force could regulate bio-molecular interactions. Characterizing selectin-ligand interactions at the molecular level, devoid of cellular contributions, is essential in understanding the role played by molecular properties in leukocyte adhesion kinetics. In this aspect, data obtained from this project will not only add to the existing body of knowledge but also provide new insights into mechanisms by which selectins initiate leukocyte adhesion in shear.

Abstract Taiwan is an island country, the topography of the adjacent territorial waters is diversified, multiple ocean currents converge here and there are rich basic production capabilities, all of which give birth to various marine organisms in Taiwan and help to form the favorable conditions for Taiwan to develop its offshore fishery. However, due to the lack of control of the production capabilities of offshore waters in the last few decades, plus the constant upgrading of fishing techniques and methods, as well as the lack of effective management, the fishery resources have been greatly impacted and the total fishery production continues to decline. Fishery resource management needs correct fishing location, fishing effort and catch totals as the scientific basis for fish stock assessment, in order to achieve effective management targets. The greatest problem for the offshore waters of Taiwan is that we could not obtain detailed information on the fishing location, operation time (fishing effort) and catch totals. At present, the above data were all obtained through investigations or by interviewing with captains to fill in report forms. However, out of fear of disclosing trade secrets and owing to omissions, the obtained data could not help in revealing the real fishery resource situation. The Coast Guard Administration of the Executive Yuan integrally established a coast radar system along the coast of Taiwan, which monitors all ships within the scanning area through 24-hour uninterrupted scanning, and digitally records the navigation data on ships. The data contains time, ship number, speed, course, latitude and longitude (location); by sorting out these data, we could discern the actual fishing location of the fishing boats. The objective of this study was to utilize the data collected by the coast radar system to determine the fishing location of the fishing boats, acquire the port entry and exit data of the fishing boats through the security examination system, work out the fishing effort, and by collecting the catch and sales data from five fishery harbors, derive the respective total amount of the 10 main fish species caught, in order to investigate the fishery dynamics of Southern Taiwan sea. Research results show that by applying the coast radar system along with the use of port entry and exit data on the fishing boats recorded in the security examination system, as well as the catch and sales data of the fishing boats, and through comparison of the above data, we could obtain proper estimations of fishing effort and fishing location of the fishing boats, as well as the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the distribution of species composition. Keywords: coast radar, Tainan coastal and offshore fisheries, fishing effort, fishing location¡Acatch per unit effort

Technological backwardness is the common problem for all developing nations. The acquisition and creation of advanced technologies are the common dreams of these catch-up economies. How to build up the adequate technological innovation system for high-tech industries is the major challenge to all catching-up economies. Because of the success of technological development, this research will investigate the technology innovation and diffusion system by taking the IC industry in Chinese Taipei as a case study. The purpose of this research is the provide a guide for the future direction of technological innovation and diffusion systems and of share experience on the development of technology in the IC industry of Chinese Taipei with other catch-up economies. This paper first presents hottest study topics: Knowledge Management and National Innovation System (NIS), next introduced two analytical frameworks --- the technological trajectory framework and the multiple cooperation framework --- which are used as tools to describe the evolution of technological development in catch up economies. It will then propose a technological innovation and diffusion system for catch up economies. The structure and components of the system will be discussed and a questionnaire survey designed for the IC industry in Chinese Taipei. The results of the survey will be discussed and future development of the technological innovation and diffusion system of the IC industry in Chinese Taipei will be proposed by this research.

Integrins are heterodimers that mediate cell adhesion in many physiological processes. Binding of integrins to ligands provides anchorage and signals for the cell. However, how force regulates integrin/ligand dissociation is unclear. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the force dependence of lifetimes of single bonds between a FN fragment and integrin α₅β₁. First, lifetime-force relationships demonstrated that force prolonged bond lifetimes in the 10-30 pN range, a behavior called catch bonds. Changing divalent cations from Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ to Mg²⁺/EGTA and to Mn²⁺ caused more pronounced catch bonds. A truncated α₅β₁ construct containing the headpiece but not the legs (trα₅β₁-Fc) formed much longer-lived catch bonds in the same force range. Bindings of two activating mAbs, 12G10 and TS2/16, left shift the catch bond and converted catch bonds to slip bonds, respectively. Catch bonds may provide a mechanical mechanism for the cell to regulate adhesion by applying different forces. Second, FNIII₇₋₁₀/α₅β₁-Fc/GG-7 bond was stretched to ~ 30 pN and then relaxed to ~ 7 pN at which the bond's lifetime was measured. The strong bond state induced by the 30 pN stretching stayed stable even after the force was reduced to 7 pN. In other words, lower the force would not weaken FNIII₇₋₁₀/α₅β₁-Fc bond once it had been stretched. Similar behaviors were observed for FNIII₇₋₁₀/trα₅β₁-Fc and FNIII₇₋₁₀/mα₅β₁interactions. In addition, the efficiency of the force to induce such a strong bond state for FNIII₇₋₁₀/α₅β₁-Fc interaction in 2 mM Mg²⁺/EGTA condition was characterized. The probability of force to induce the strong bond state increased as force increased and when the force reached 26 pN, all bonds were transit to the strong state. Moreover, reversible unbending of α₅β₁binding with FNIII₇₋₁₀ under mechanical force were observed, which proved that integrin bending and unbending was dynamic. Importantly, integrin could restore bent conformation even when engaged with its ligand, providing a mechanism for mechanotransduction. Third, structural changes of α₅β₁under force were observed. The structural changes did not change the trend of lifetime-force relationships of FNIII₇₋₁₀/α₅β₁/GG-7 bond. Moreover, the lifetime for the structural changes to occur and molecular length changes caused by them were characterized.

Der Anbau von Zwischenfrüchten leistet einen enormen Beitrag zur Erhaltung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit sowie zur Konservierung von Nährstoffen in der Zeit zwischen Ernte der Hauptfrucht und Aussaat der Folgekultur. Zwischenfrüchte sowohl in Reinsaat als auch im Gemenge wurden diesbezüglich auf Feldversuchsanlagen untersucht und ausgewertet. Im Vordergrund stand im Jahr 2013/14 der Einsatz von organischem und mineralischem Stickstoffdünger zur besseren Bestandsetablierung. Der Bericht dokumentiert die Ergebnisse. Zudem werden verschiedene Aussaattechniken ökonomisch bewertet und Anbauempfehlungen gegeben.