Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Vaz de Camargo.pdf: 911494 bytes, checksum: 55039616da779610e905d48cee078923 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-13 / This research (The artistic act as catalysis: experiences in the body and dance) reflects upon the intensive dimension of the artistic act. It seems to me that art (the creative state) can catalyze and intensify potential for change, open up areas of movement and promote new connections and potential . The sensitivity promoted by this act should be different from that organizing our everyday experience; through this reorganization, transmutation or metamorphoses comes its political potential. Catalyze: a term borrowed from Chemistry imbued with a special meaning. Existential-poetic catalysis is how Guattari denominates the process of the search for paths to singular new existential territories, not serialized. To give shape to my reflections I interviewed the seven performers-creators of Cia. Nova Dança 4, a dance-theatre company from São Paulo. I was interested in grasping through the traces of the pulsating nature, the collective movements of the appropriation and invention of life which favour the production of singular existences. Why is art produced and consumed ? What ecstasy is this, that of poetry? I found two responses: the Russian psychologist Vygotsky s (art as a social technique of feelings that operates catharsis) and Deleuze and Guattari s (aesthetics in the relationship between forms and forces that can catalyze the invention of new existential territories). Because of the chosen theoretical framework it is not possible to talk about art without talking about the body and the need to return to it in that which is most singular: the porous body which is affected by encounters and partings in the world. Perhaps some experiences in contemporary dance can invent and construct bodies open to other forces and intensities Body without Organs. Elements that emerged during the construction of this framework led me to reflections of a more sociological nature: the institutional aspects of dance, formation of artistic groups and being an artist today . I also review the history of dance in the West and the principal elements of Contact Improvisation (in dialogue with Michel Foucault s reflections on power/body). Finally, I recover Vygotsky s conception of catharsis with a view to broadening the notion of catalysis. I understand that the discussion of the definition and use of these two terms, as well as their reorganization, can increase their power of creation-action (especially in the draw of the performing arts in question) / Nesta pesquisa, reflito sobre a dimensão intensiva do fazer artístico: pareceme que a arte (o estado criativo) pode catalisar e intensificar potências de mudança, abrir zonas de passagem e florescer novas conexões e potências . O sensível que ela produz deve ser diferente daquele que organiza nossa experiência cotidiana; dessa reorganização, transmutação ou metamorfose, sua potência política. Catalisar: termo emprestado da Química com um sentido especial. Catálise existencial-poética é como Guattari denomina o processo de busca por caminhos para novos territórios existências singulares, não serializados. Para dar forma às minhas reflexões, entrevisto os(as) sete intérpretes-criadores(as) de uma companhia de dança-teatro paulistana, a Cia. Nova Dança 4. Interessa-me apreender, através dos vestígios da natureza pulsativa, os movimentos coletivos de apropriação e invenção da vida que favoreçam a produção de existências singulares. Para quê se faz e se consome arte? Que êxtases são esse, os da poesia? Encontro dois caminhos de respostas: o do psicólogo russo Vygotsky (arte como técnica social do sentimento que opera a catarse) e o de Deleuze e Guattari (estética na relação entre formas e forças que pode catalisar a invenção de novos territórios existências). Pelo referencial teórico escolhido, não há como falar de arte sem falar de corpo. Pode-se falar na necessidade de se retomar o corpo naquilo que é mais próprio: corpo poroso, afetado pelos encontros e desencontros no mundo. Talvez algumas experiências da/na dança contemporânea possam inventar e construir corpos abertos a outras forças e intensidades Corpo sem Órgãos. Elementos que emergiram durante a construção dessa teia levaram-me a reflexões de cunho mais sociológico: aspectos institucionais da dança, da formação de grupos artísticos e do ser artista hoje . Também recupero a história da dança no Ocidente e os elementos constitutivos da dança Contato Improvisação (em diálogo com reflexões de Michel Foucault sobre poder/corpo). Para terminar, resgato a concepção de catarse , de Vygotsky, em busca de uma ampliação da noção de catálise. Entendo que a discussão da definição e uso desses dois termos, bem como sua reorganização, pode ampliar seu poder de criação-ação (em especial com o enredar nas artes cênicas em foco)

Cette thèse en création littéraire comporte d’abord un roman jeunesse : La violence de vivre centré sur Katharos, un jeune homme tourmenté par son passé. Au fil des pages, ce personnage principal vivra une chute morale. Le roman narre un destin semblable à celui de toute autre personne ayant traversé l’humanité : c’est l’histoire de la rencontre d’une âme avec la douleur, des choix qui résulteront de cette rencontre et de leurs effets. Néanmoins, c’est également un roman qui montre les fréquentations, les amitiés ainsi que les liens familiaux du personnage et à quel point ces gens qui l’entourent peuvent ajouter à ses souffrances ou alors faire germer en lui force et espoir. Le deuxième volet de la thèse porte sur la question de l’écriture en tant qu’instrument pour produire une catharsis chez le lecteur. Cette deuxième section est divisée en deux chapitres : le premier portant sur la théorie aristotélicienne de la catharsis, le second analysant La violence de vivre sous la lunette de la catharsis. Ainsi, ce volet théorique cherche, d’une part, à définir la catharsis selon Aristote et les éléments qui participent à la construction de cette notion; d’autre part, à déterminer si La violence de vivre parvient à déclencher ou non une catharsis pour ses lecteurs. Somme toute, il n’y a qu’une énigme au cœur de cette thèse. Comment peut-on, en création, employer l’écriture pour transformer le lecteur? Plus particulièrement, peut-on diriger cette catharsis du lecteur de manière à lui prodiguer de l’espoir?

In humour studies research, there have been few attempts to elucidate why black humour was such a prevalent, powerful force in late twentieth century culture and why it continues to make a profound impression in the new millennium. As Dana Polan (1991) laments: ???Rarely have there been attempts to offer material, historically specific explanations of particular manifestations of the comic???.1 This thesis offers an interdisciplinary analysis of black humour in the late twentieth century. I contend that the experience of black humour emerges from the intricacies of human beliefs and behaviours surrounding death and through the diverse rituals that shape experiences of loss. I suggest that black humour is an attempt to articulate the tension between the haunting absence and disturbing presence of death in contemporary society. Chapter 1 of this thesis offers an historical and etymological perspective on black humour. In Chapter 2, I argue that the increasing privatisation and medicalisation of death, along with the overt mediatisation of death, creates a problematic juxtaposition. I contend that these unique social conditions created, and continue to foster, an ideal environment for the creation and proliferation of black humour. In Chapters 3 and 4, I examine the structures and functions of black humour through three key theories of humour: incongruity, catharsis and superiority. Chapter 5 looks at ways in which the experience of black humour creates resolutions and forces dissonances for people entwined with loss. In this final chapter, I also consider how black humour may help people make meaning from issues surrounding death. Throughout this theoretical discussion, I interweave the analysis of a range of scenes from contemporary black comic texts (i.e. plays, screenplays and television scripts). On the whole, this thesis works towards a more complex, specific understanding of the phenomenon of black humour within a social context.

La littérature est une source d'où jaillissent les flots intarissables du paradoxe ; c'est dans cet entrelacement de dichotomies que nous nous sommes immergées pour percevoir l'unité sous-jacente derrière l'oxymore que constitue le titre de notre thèse : " une poétique de l'abjection dans la littérature gothique américaine postmoderne. " Si nous nous sommes tournées vers Stephen King, Peter Straub et Chuck Palahniuk et avons mis l'accent sur trois de leurs œuvres précises, notre démonstration se veut être transposable à l'ensemble de leurs écrits. Nous nous sommes interrogées sur la nature de l'abjection et sur sa prééminence dans une société américaine portant le sceau du puritanisme. Marqués par le Romantisme et le Gothique anglais, nos auteurs ont su donner aux thématiques caractérisant ces mouvements une voie nouvelle. Situer nos œuvres dans la lignée du gothique postmoderne nous permet d'osciller sur le paradigme de l'excès et de l'incomplétude, de la déconstruction et de l'unité. Le thème de la fragmentation apparaît comme l'un des fils d'Ariane permettant aux auteurs de tisser autour des lecteurs leur toile arachnéenne. Ce démantèlement qui affecte à la fois la dimension narrative et thématique des récits contribue à leur effet patchwork et subversif, nous liant à notre problématique postmoderne. Les paradoxes engendrés par nos récits leur donnent leur force et expliquent leur fascination sur le public. Nos pérégrinations menant à l'ouverture des différentes portes de l'interprétation révèlent que l'abjection devient source d'une nouvelle esthétique. Le laid peut véhiculer de la beauté et du sublime. L'harmonie qui existe dans le monde de la déchéance qui nous est dépeint explique l'emprise hypnotique de la littérature de l'abjection sur le lecteur. Source de poétique, celle-ci procure un plaisir de la lecture quasi jouissif pour ceux qui se laissent transporter par la magie créatrice de nos auteurs.

In humour studies research, there have been few attempts to elucidate why black humour was such a prevalent, powerful force in late twentieth century culture and why it continues to make a profound impression in the new millennium. As Dana Polan (1991) laments: ???Rarely have there been attempts to offer material, historically specific explanations of particular manifestations of the comic???.1 This thesis offers an interdisciplinary analysis of black humour in the late twentieth century. I contend that the experience of black humour emerges from the intricacies of human beliefs and behaviours surrounding death and through the diverse rituals that shape experiences of loss. I suggest that black humour is an attempt to articulate the tension between the haunting absence and disturbing presence of death in contemporary society. Chapter 1 of this thesis offers an historical and etymological perspective on black humour. In Chapter 2, I argue that the increasing privatisation and medicalisation of death, along with the overt mediatisation of death, creates a problematic juxtaposition. I contend that these unique social conditions created, and continue to foster, an ideal environment for the creation and proliferation of black humour. In Chapters 3 and 4, I examine the structures and functions of black humour through three key theories of humour: incongruity, catharsis and superiority. Chapter 5 looks at ways in which the experience of black humour creates resolutions and forces dissonances for people entwined with loss. In this final chapter, I also consider how black humour may help people make meaning from issues surrounding death. Throughout this theoretical discussion, I interweave the analysis of a range of scenes from contemporary black comic texts (i.e. plays, screenplays and television scripts). On the whole, this thesis works towards a more complex, specific understanding of the phenomenon of black humour within a social context.

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Avec l’accélération de la production narrative au vingt-et-unième siècle, ainsi que les tentatives d’appropriation des moyens de production et des mythes collectifs par le marché, il y a lieu de questionner l’effet des nouveaux mythes sur la psyché humaine. L’ingestion persistante et soutenue de récits infusés de symboles capitalistes produit une mutation de la subjectivité humaine, dans un mouvement vers une certaine homogénéité. Par une relecture de la Poétique d’Aristote, la première section de cette thèse propose une vision politique de la catharsis, qui théorise le récepteur de toute narration comme programmable et pouvant être guidé vers des attitudes et des postures. Cette conception mène directement à une définition machinique du récit et la notion d’asservissement machinique, qui conçoit la subjectivité humaine comme engagée dans des processus de connectivité où elle perd certains fragments de son unicité. La troisième foulée de cette thèse théorise la société de contrôle de Deleuze et ses héritiers conceptuels, le capitalisme de surveillance et l’ectosubjectivité. Ces deux notions tentent de percevoir le régime de pouvoir du vingt-et-unième siècle, fondé sur les données personnelles et la standardisation de la psyché humaine. Finalement, le quatrième et dernier chapitre de cette recherche se penche sur la notion de vérité telle que décrite par Michel Foucault dans Le Courage de la Vérité. Dans la notion Grecque, et particulièrement son développement platonicien, de parrhēsia, Foucault identifie l’homogénéité d’une vérité basée sur une hiérarchie éthique, et son renversement par les Cyniques en animalité assumée qui ouvre de nouveaux territoires d’existence et de vérité. En somme, ce renversement nous permet de concevoir ce que serait une existence libre, hors d’un régime de vérité qui désubjective et rend homogène. / With the acceleration of narrative production in the twenty-first century, as well as the attempted appropriation of means of production and collective myths by market economy, there is an increasing need to question the effect of these new myths on the human psyche. The persistent and sustained ingestion of narratives infused with capitalist symbols produces a transformation of subjectivity, which mutates from unicity to increased standardization. Through a rereading of Aristotle’s Poetics, the first section of this thesis offers a political conception of catharsis that theorizes the receiver of narratives as programmable and guidable towards attitudes and postures. This conception leads directly to a machinic definition of the narrative and the concept of machinic enslavement. These concepts conceive of human subjectivity as engaged in processes of networking where it loses fragments of its unicity. The third chapter of this thesis theorizes Deleuze's society of control and its conceptual successors, surveillance capitalism and ectosubjectivity. Both these concepts attempt to theorize the reigning regime of power of the twenty-first century, based on personal data and the standardization of the human psyche. Finally, the fourth and final chapter of this research analyzes the notion of truth as described by Michel Foucault in The Courage of Truth. In the Greek notion of parrhēsia, and especially in its platonic development, Foucault identifies the homogeneity of a truth system based on a hierarchization of ethics. The reversal of this system by the Cynics into an assumed bestiality is crucial to this thesis as it opens new territories of existence and truth. In sum, the Cynic reversal permits us to conceive of a free existence, outside of a regime of truth that desubjectivates and homogenizes.

Consacré à la tétralogie Le Sang des promesses — composée des pièces Littoral, Incendies, Forêts et Ciels — de Wajdi Mouawad, le présent mémoire s’appuie sur un retour remarqué de la catharsis dans les discours sur le théâtre contemporain pour questionner la capacité du théâtre à développer une pensée du vivre-ensemble. Il est divisé en trois chapitres : le premier porte sur la place du genre de la tragédie et du concept du tragique dans la tétralogie ainsi que la réappropriation par Mouawad de certaines figures de la mythologie grecque ; le second s’intéresse au devenir contemporain de la catharsis, à son articulation autour des émotions de peur et compassion et à l’importance de la parole-action au sein de l’œuvre. Enfin, le troisième chapitre cherche à définir les rapports entre le cathartique et le concept de « solidarité des ébranlés » théorisé par Jan Patočka avant d’analyser la réception critique des pièces pour y trouver des exemples concrets de l’effet cathartique propre au théâtre de Mouawad. / This master's dissertation addresses Wajdi Mouawad's Blood Promises tetralogy, composed of the plays Tideline, Scorched, Forests, and Skies. As it focuses on the return of the concept of catharsis in discourses on contemporary theater, it aims to question theater's capacity to develop a thought of the living-together (vivre-ensemble). The first chapter focuses on the status of tragedy and the tragic as well as on the revisiting of several mythological Greek characters in Mouawad's tetralogy, whereas the second chapter takes an interest in contemporary manifestations of catharsis, as they involve the emotions of fear and compassion, and, in the case of Mouawad's work, particularly depend on the importance of acts of language. Finally, the third chapter attempts to link the cathartic to Jan Patočka's concept of the solidarity of the shaken, before it proceeds to analyze the critical reception of Mouawad's plays in order to underline their specific cathartic effect.

Consacré à la tétralogie Le Sang des promesses — composée des pièces Littoral, Incendies, Forêts et Ciels — de Wajdi Mouawad, le présent mémoire s’appuie sur un retour remarqué de la catharsis dans les discours sur le théâtre contemporain pour questionner la capacité du théâtre à développer une pensée du vivre-ensemble. Il est divisé en trois chapitres : le premier porte sur la place du genre de la tragédie et du concept du tragique dans la tétralogie ainsi que la réappropriation par Mouawad de certaines figures de la mythologie grecque ; le second s’intéresse au devenir contemporain de la catharsis, à son articulation autour des émotions de peur et compassion et à l’importance de la parole-action au sein de l’œuvre. Enfin, le troisième chapitre cherche à définir les rapports entre le cathartique et le concept de « solidarité des ébranlés » théorisé par Jan Patočka avant d’analyser la réception critique des pièces pour y trouver des exemples concrets de l’effet cathartique propre au théâtre de Mouawad. / This master's dissertation addresses Wajdi Mouawad's Blood Promises tetralogy, composed of the plays Tideline, Scorched, Forests, and Skies. As it focuses on the return of the concept of catharsis in discourses on contemporary theater, it aims to question theater's capacity to develop a thought of the living-together (vivre-ensemble). The first chapter focuses on the status of tragedy and the tragic as well as on the revisiting of several mythological Greek characters in Mouawad's tetralogy, whereas the second chapter takes an interest in contemporary manifestations of catharsis, as they involve the emotions of fear and compassion, and, in the case of Mouawad's work, particularly depend on the importance of acts of language. Finally, the third chapter attempts to link the cathartic to Jan Patočka's concept of the solidarity of the shaken, before it proceeds to analyze the critical reception of Mouawad's plays in order to underline their specific cathartic effect.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSEMERI.pdf: 426545 bytes, checksum: bcfe78856f96e1dbf112848591c203d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-09 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This dissertation intends to interpret the doubt, from the classic conception to the modern one, starting from their structural function in DOM CASMURRO narrative. The aesthetic elements, that interact in its architecture, are the metaphor and the irony, procedures that help to build the tragic error of the character-narrator Bentinho and his existencial vision in the intrigue od stubbornness. The theoretical grounding departs from the Poetics of Aristotle and extends to the modern theoreticians: Schopenhauer (1966), Kierkegaar (2005), Bergson (1983), Paz (2005) , et al. The research object is the evidence of the error caused by the doubt on the poetic effect in the romance´s architecture. The tragic error, affects ironically the whole through the optics of the narrator-author Casmurro, preparing the modern vision of Machado de Assis romance. The first chapter entitled The construction of the tragic error presents Aristotle s classic conception proceeded by the modern conception of different authors, making the correlation of the metaphor and irony with Casmurro doubt construction. The second chapter, under the title Tradition x Modernity , treats the concept of Greek tragedy and the tragic element and its function in breaking the values of the past. The third chapter entitled The double function of the tragic error treats the Aristotelian catharsis and its aesthetic effect given the tragicalness of life. In the final considerations, we refer about the effects generated by the cathartic tragicalness process through the metaphor on the dissimulation of the look of Casmurro, due to the construction of the tragic error in the architecture of the romance DOM CASMURRO of Machado de Assis / Esta dissertação se propõe a interpretar a dúvida, desde a concepção clássica à moderna, a partir de sua função estrutural na narrativa DOM CASMURRO. Os elementos estéticos, que interagem na sua arquitetura, são a metáfora e a ironia, procedimentos que ajudam a construir o erro trágico do narrador-personagem Bentinho e sua visão existencial na intriga da casmurrice. A fundamentação teórica parte da Poética de Aristóteles e se estende aos teóricos modernos: Schopenhauer (1966), Kierkegaard (2005), Bérgson (1983), Todorov (1969), Paz (2005) e outros. O objeto de pesquisa é a evidência do erro causado pela dúvida sob o efeito poético na arquitetura do romance .O erro trágico, ironicamente, afeta toda a narrativa pela ótica do autor- narrador Casmurro, preparando a visão moderna do romance machadiano. O primeiro capítulo intitulado A construção do erro trágico apresenta a concepção clássica de Aristóteles seguida pela concepção moderna de vários autores, fazendo a correlação da metáfora e da ironia com a construção dúvida de Casmurro. O segundo capítulo, sob o título Tradição x Modernidade , trata do conceito de tragédia grega e do elemento trágico e sua função na ruptura de valores do passado. O terceiro capítulo intitulado A dupla função do erro trágico trata da catarse aristotélica e seu efeito estético dado à tragicidade do viver. Nas considerações finais, discorremos sobre os efeitos gerados pelo processo catártico da tragicidade por meio da metáfora da dissimulação do olhar de Casmurro, em decorrência da construção do erro trágico na arquitetura do romance DOM CASMURRO de Machado de Assis