As illness becomes increasingly more common in the United States and across the globe, the need for better and faster medical treatment is greater than ever. The purpose of this work is to evaluate advanced polymers and polymer composites that will provide for increased fluid flow while maintaining outer dimensional, stiffness, and burst resistance characteristics when compared to a currently used material. A polymer configuration consisting of a proprietary formulation that has a durometer approximately 10% higher than the current material with an outer wall thickness of approximately .020" passed a series of tests involving tensile strength, stiffness, flexural fatigue resistance, vacuum lumen collapse resistance and hydraulic burst resistance. This material configuration passed the requirements for applicable test standards and had a tensile strength 13.4% less than the control group, was 52.7% stiffer, did not sustain any noticeable wear or defects during the flexural fatigue test, had a tensile strength 14.8% less that the control group during a post flex fatigue tensile test, did not burst when 150 psi was applied to it for 5 seconds, and is estimated to have a 43% higher flow rate capacity than the current material.

Patients with cancer who receive bone marrow transplants (BMT) are at increased risk for central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI), a serious complication leading to increased costs, length of stay, and even death. Recognition of an increased CLABSI rate at one BMT unit in the southwestern United States prompted development of an evidence-based staff development education program to improve nurses’ knowledge of central line maintenance and CLABSI prevention practices. Guided by Lewin change theory, the program was developed based on a nurse-led analysis and synthesis of the evidence, and a formative evaluation of the educational program conducted by a 3-member expert panel made up of the BMT director, a BMT clinical nurse specialist and vascular access team member. The review confirmed the lack of standardized evidence-based guidelines for central venous catheter care, that any patient who has a central line is at risk for CLABSI, and BMT patients are at particular risk due to frequency of catheter manipulation. Findings reinforced the need for the recommendations to educate nurses in BMT settings on evidence-based central line practices, evaluate knowledge gained, and audit practice techniques post education. The social change implication of this DNP project will be the potential decrease in healthcare costs, length of stay, and mortality associated with central line infections when nursing staff are provided an educational program that aims to improve their knowledge and skills of evidence-based central line care and CLABSI prevention practices.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第19969号 / 社医博第74号 / 新制||社医||9(附属図書館) / 33065 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 小池 薫, 教授 福田 和彦, 教授 木村 剛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

Bakgrund: Användningen av central venkateter (CVK) underlättar och bidrar till den moderna sjukvården. I Sverige sätts årligen över 45,000 olika former av CVK. Däremot medför användningen av CVK risker för komplikationer såsom trombos och infektion. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskans åtgärder samt andra faktorer för att förhindra komplikationer relaterat till central venkateter. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie med elva resultatartiklar av kvantitativ metod som grund. Resultatartiklarna analyserades och sammanfattades till fyra huvudkategorier. Resultat: Kategorierna som togs fram var: sjuksköterskans kunskap, arbetsmiljöns påverkan, desinfektion i samband med CVK hantering och förebyggande åtgärder av trombos. Utbildning genom utbildningsprogram var en åtgärd som minskade CVKrelaterade blodomloppsinfektioner. Arbetsmiljön förbättrades genom minskad arbetsbelastning bland sjuksköterskor vilket i sin tur ökade följsamhet till riktlinjer. Användning av klorhexidin i samband med hanteringen av CVK var en åtgärd för att minska riskerna för komplikationer. Sjuksköterskan hade en betydande funktion vid risk och nytta överväganden. Konklusion: Åtgärder som kontinuerlig utbildning stärkte patientsäkerheten och komplikationer minimerades. En bättre arbetsmiljö där personal kunde arbeta utifrån ett säkert och strukturerat arbetssätt ökade möjligheten till följsamhet av riktlinjer. / Background: Use of central venous catheters (CVC) facilitates and contributes to modern healthcare. In Sweden, over 45,000 different types of CVCs are inserted annually. However, using CVCs can lead to complications such as thrombosis and infection. Aim: To study was to examine the nurses' actions and other factors to prevent complications related to central venous catheters. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature study with eleven quantitative result articles. The result articles were analyzed and summarized into four main categories. Result: The categories formed were: the nurse´s knowledge, the impact of work environment, disinfection in connection with CVC handling and preventive measures of thrombosis. Education through educational programs was one measure that reduced CVC-related bloodstream infections. The work environment is improved through reduced workload among nurses, which in turn increases adherence to guidelines. Use of chlorhexidine in connection with the management of CVC was a measure to reduce the risks of complications. The nurse had a function in risk and benefit considerations. Conclusion: Measures such as continuous education strengthen patient safety and minimize complications. A better working environment where staff could work from a safe and structured approach increases the possibility of compliance.

Central venous catheterization (CVC) is performed frequently in clinical practices in Operation Rooms(OR) and Emergency Rooms(ER). CVC is performed for different reasons such as supply nutrition or medicine. For CVC ultrasound (US), diagnostic device is preferable among other medical imaging technologies. Central Venous Catheterization (CVC) under the 2D US guidance requires skills for catheter placement to avoid damaging non-targeted blood vessels. Therefore, there is a great need for improvements in the CVC field where mechanical complication has a risk of occurring during the procedure, for example misplacement of the needle. This master thesis project was performed at Kyushu University department of mechanical engineering and collaboration with Maidashi Kyushu University Hospital department of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology in Japan. This thesis is aimed to develop a new simple and cheap guidance system for CVC placement. The system performed on a Tablet PC and will be using already existing Ultrasound machines in Hospitals and Augmented Reality(AR). The project developed a simple AR-System for CVC placement with use of the ArUco library. The new developed system takes information from Ultrasound images and constructs a 3D-model of a vein and artery. Then the 3D-model is augmented on the patient through the tablet PC by using the ArUco library. The construction and augmentation is all performed on the tablet PC and has a small computation to complete the necessary procedures for the 3D-blood vessels. The AR-system has a simple control where the interface of the system is a simple push and action system. When a good visualization of the blood vessels and Doppler effect is shown on the ultrasound machine, the surgeon presses the screen and the image is saved. After about five images are acquired, the system builds the 3D-model and augments it on the patient using a marker. For the development of this system it implemented the waterfall method where each step was tested and checked, before moving to the next step. A full functional system was developed and tested. From the tests performed it is shown that there were limitations due to segmentation and depth perception. But the system has possibilities as an aid for CVC placement.

A quantitative research design for a descriptive and contextual study to determine the critical care nurses knowledge and data preferences regarding the central venous and pulmonary artery catheters management and decision making after coronary arte.y bypass graft operations and the utmzation period of the pulmonary artery catheter after coronary artery bypass graft operations. The data was collected through a questionnaire completed by critical care nurses and retrospective analysis of patient records through a structured checklist. Data analysis indicated the following: critical care nurses have a knowledge deficit in the management of the central venous and pulmonary artery catheters and felt more competent and confident in the central venous measurements. The utilization period of the pulmonary artery catheter was 48% compared to the 100% of the central venous catheter. / Advanced Nursing Science / M.A. (Advanced Nursing Science)

Há praticamente consenso de que o processo de trabalho de prevenção e controle de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (IrAS), pautado em indicadores de resultados, são limitados para reconhecer as condições reais em que as práticas assistenciais são realizadas. Para tanto, avaliações processuais vêm sendo utilizadas, para conhecer o grau de conformidade dessas ocorrências de acordo com as recomendações dadas por evidências científicas atualmente disponíveis. Este estudo teve a finalidade de avaliar a conformidade de práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central (ICS-ACVC), por meio de indicadores clínicos processuais especificamente elaborados. Tais práticas corresponderam a: a) Avaliação das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência; b) Avaliação das práticas de inserção do cateter venoso central de curta permanência: inserção percutânea, paramentação completa para inserção de CVC, campo estéril ampliado no momento da instalação do cateter, uso de anti-séptico de veículo alcoólico para preparo da pele do paciente, presença de curativo oclusivo; c) Avaliação da prática de adesão aos cuidados e manutenção do curativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos: registro de troca do curativo, periodicidade da troca do curativo, desinfecção de hubs e conectores com clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% antes da manipulação, troca de equipos e transdutores conforme orientação institucional; d) Avaliação da adesão à higiene das mãos em procedimentos de troca do sistema de infusão, administração de medicamentos, coleta de sangue, troca e realização de curativo. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa aplicada envolvendo achados sobre o desempenho de práticas e procedimentos, buscando acessar sua qualidade, com delineamentos prospectivo, transversal e analítico. O cenário foi a UTI cirúrgica-Adulto de um Hospital Público de Ensino. A casuística correspondeu às oportunidades de avaliação das práticas selecionadas, realizadas por médicos, enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, nos três turnos de trabalho, quando pertinente, em pacientes que teriam um CVC inserido e/ou que já possuíam CVC. A amostra baseou-se na conformidade esperada de 80%, com 5877 avaliações distribuídas entre as práticas selecionadas, realizadas por meio de observação direta ou registros em prontuários. Instrumentos e avaliadores foram submetidos a testes de aferição de concordância. A conformidade geral das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência foi de 91,6%. A conformidade geral obtido na avaliação das práticas de inserção do cateter venoso central de curta permanência foi nula (0,0%), que ocorreu devido à ausência do curativo oclusivo na inserção do CVC (0,0%), quanto às demais práticas avaliadas, todas obtiveram conformidade total (100,0%). A conformidade da prática de adesão aos cuidados e manutenção do curativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos: registro de troca do curativo, periodicidade da troca do curativo, desinfecção de hubs e conectores com clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% antes da manipulação foi de 51,5%, com a manhã o período que apresentou a maior taxa de conformidade (69,3%) e a tarde a menor (31,1%). A conformidade geral da prática de higiene das mãos na realização dos procedimentos selecionados foi apenas 10,7%, sendo que a Troca e realização de curativo (21,1%), seguindo-se Coleta de Sangue (10,2%) e administração de medicamentos (9,6%). O turno da manhã obteve maior adesão (12,7%) e o noturno a menor (8,4%). Nesta prática, o maior índice de conformidade foi obtido entre os enfermeiros em todas as práticas avaliadas (troca do sistema de infusão-18%, coleta de sangue-21,4%, administração de medicamento-20,4%, troca e realização do curativo 21,7%). Concluiu-se que, embora a avaliação das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência tenha atingido a conformidade esperada de 80%, as demais práticas necessitam de uma nova elaboração de estratégias que assegurem a adesão duradoura das práticas de controle e prevenção de ICS-ACVC, associado à análise contínua de infra-estrutura, disponibilidade de material e carga de trabalho. / There is a consensus that the process of prevention and control healthcare associated infection (HAI), based on result indicators is limited to recognize the real conditions in which assistance practices are performed. So, processual evaluations have been required to know the conformity level of these events in relation to recommendations given by the scientific evidence now available. The aim of this study was to evaluation the conformity of practices for prevention and bloodstream infection control associated with central venous catheter (BSI ACVC) by means of specifically elaborated processual clinical indicators. These practices corresponded to: a) Evaluation the practices of registration statement evaluation and central venous catheter for short stay evaluation; b) Evaluation the practices of the insertion of central venous catheter for short stay, percutaneous insertion, complete items for insertion of CVC, enlarged sterile field at the time of catheter insertion, use of antiseptic alcohol vehicle for the patient skin cleaning and occlusive dressing presence; c) Evaluation of the adherence to care practice and maintenance of CVC insertion healing and it devices: report of dressing and frequency changes, the hubs and connectors disinfection with chlorhexidine 0,5% before handling, exchange of catheters and transducers as institutional orientation; d) Evaluation of compliance to hand hygiene procedures in trading system for infusion, medication administration, blood collection, exchange an healing completion. This was an applied research involving findings about practices performance and procedures, aiming to access its quality, through a prospective transversal and analytical design. It took place in an surgical Adult ICU of a Public School Hospital. The casuistic corresponded to opportunities of selected practices evaluation , performed by physicians, nurses, nursing assistants and technicians, in three work shift, where relevant, in patients who had a CVC inserted and / or who had CVC. The sample was based on the expected conformity of 80 %, with 5,877 evaluations distributed among the selected practices, performed by means of direct observation or registers in patient records. Instruments and evaluators were submitted to tests for measuring compliance. The general conformity practices registration statement and permanence of central venous catheter for short stay was 91,6%. The overall conformity achieved in the evaluation of central venous catheter insertion a short stay was zero (0,0%), which was due to the absence of occlusive dressings on CVC insertion (0,0%), and the other evaluated practices all achieved full compliance(100,0%). The conformity adherence to care practice and maintenance of healing of the CVC insertion and their devices: dressing change report, dressing change frequency, the disinfection of hubs and connectors with chlorhexidine 0.5% before the manipulation was 51,5%, being that morning shift has the highest compliance rate (69,3%) and the afternoon shift the smallest (31,1%). The overall conformity of hand hygiene practice in the performance of selected procedures was only 10,7%, and the exchange and completion of healing (21,1%), followed by blood collection (10,2%) and administration drugs (9,6%). The morning shift had better adherence (12,7%) and the lowest night shift (8,4%). In the practice, the highest rate of compliance among nurses was obtained in all evaluated practices (exchange of the infusion system 18%, blood collection 21,4 %, drug delivery 20, 4%, exchange and completion of dressing 21, 7%). We have concluded that although the registration statement evaluation and permanence of central venous catheter for short stay has reached 80% as expected, other practices have needed a new formulation of strategies that ensure lasting adhesion of control practices and prevention of ICS-ACVC, associated to a continuum analysis of infra-structure and work conditions.

Les cathéters veineux centraux sont utilisés pour des traitements dont la chimiothérapie, l’hydratation, l’antibiothérapie et la nutrition parentérale chez les patients ayant un cancer. Cependant, ces cathéters sont responsables de graves complications dont les infections. Elles peuvent entraîner la suspension ou l’arrêt des traitements et peuvent engager le pronostic vital des patients. Le taux d’incidence et les facteurs de risque des infections liées aux cathéters veineux centraux (ILCVC) en oncologie restent mal connus. Une étude prospective menée pendant 5 ans à l’hôpital Edouard Herriot et à l’hôpital de la Croix Rousse nous a permis de décrire les ILCVC chez 425 patients ayant un cancer digestif. Nous avons d’abord estimé le taux d’incidence des ILCVC selon la localisation du cancer primitif. Ensuite, nous avons analysé les facteurs de risque. Pour mieux estimer l’impact de la nutrition parentérale sur le risque d’ILCVC, nous avons utilisé le score de propension pour imiter certaines caractéristiques d’un essai randomisé. Enfin, nous avons analysé la mortalité dans les 30 jours qui ont suivi l’ILCVC. Les résultats ont montré que le taux d’incidence des ILCVC était plus élevé chez les patients ayant un cancer pancréas ou un cancer de l’œsophage que ceux qui ont un cancer colorectal. Les facteurs de risque indépendamment associés à une ILCVC étaient le performance status, les journées d’utilisation du cathéter, le cancer du pancréas et la nutrition parentérale. Le risque d’ILCVC était supérieur à 5 chez les patients qui recevaient de la nutrition parentérale associée à la chimiothérapie intraveineuse. Le diabète était un facteur de risque indépendamment associé à la mortalité dans les 30 jours qui suivent la survenue l’ILCVC. / Central venous catheters are commonly used in cancer patients for administration of chemotherapy, hydration, parenteral nutrition and antibiotic. However, their use is associated with complications such as infections. An often serious complication is bloodstream infections. This can cause a suspending of cancer treatment. Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections also contribute to increased mortality in theses patients. The incidence rates and CVC-RBSI risk factors are not well known in patients with cancer. Then in a prospective study conducted during 5 years, we have analysed data from 425 patients with digestive cancer. Study took place at Edouard Herriot Hospital and Croix Rousse Hospital in Lyon. First, we estimated rate of CVC-RBSI according to the location of primary cancer. To the best estimation of parenteral nutrition effect on the risk of CVC-RBSI, we performed the propensity score analysis, which can mimic some characteristics of randomized trial. Finally, we analyzed the 30-day mortality after CVC-BSI. The results showed that the infection rate was higher in pancreatic and oesophageal cancer patients, compared with colorectal cancer patients. The risk factors independently associated with CVC-RBSI were pancreatic cancer, performance status, cumulative catheter utilization-days and parenteral nutrition. The risk of CVC-RBSI was at least 5 times greater in patients with parenteral nutrition. Attributable mortality rate within 1 month of CVC-RBSI was 16.6%. Diabetes mellitus was independently associated with death.

A quantitative research design for a descriptive and contextual study to determine the critical care nurses knowledge and data preferences regarding the central venous and pulmonary artery catheters management and decision making after coronary arte.y bypass graft operations and the utmzation period of the pulmonary artery catheter after coronary artery bypass graft operations. The data was collected through a questionnaire completed by critical care nurses and retrospective analysis of patient records through a structured checklist. Data analysis indicated the following: critical care nurses have a knowledge deficit in the management of the central venous and pulmonary artery catheters and felt more competent and confident in the central venous measurements. The utilization period of the pulmonary artery catheter was 48% compared to the 100% of the central venous catheter. / Advanced Nursing Science / M.A. (Advanced Nursing Science)

Há praticamente consenso de que o processo de trabalho de prevenção e controle de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (IrAS), pautado em indicadores de resultados, são limitados para reconhecer as condições reais em que as práticas assistenciais são realizadas. Para tanto, avaliações processuais vêm sendo utilizadas, para conhecer o grau de conformidade dessas ocorrências de acordo com as recomendações dadas por evidências científicas atualmente disponíveis. Este estudo teve a finalidade de avaliar a conformidade de práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central (ICS-ACVC), por meio de indicadores clínicos processuais especificamente elaborados. Tais práticas corresponderam a: a) Avaliação das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência; b) Avaliação das práticas de inserção do cateter venoso central de curta permanência: inserção percutânea, paramentação completa para inserção de CVC, campo estéril ampliado no momento da instalação do cateter, uso de anti-séptico de veículo alcoólico para preparo da pele do paciente, presença de curativo oclusivo; c) Avaliação da prática de adesão aos cuidados e manutenção do curativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos: registro de troca do curativo, periodicidade da troca do curativo, desinfecção de hubs e conectores com clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% antes da manipulação, troca de equipos e transdutores conforme orientação institucional; d) Avaliação da adesão à higiene das mãos em procedimentos de troca do sistema de infusão, administração de medicamentos, coleta de sangue, troca e realização de curativo. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa aplicada envolvendo achados sobre o desempenho de práticas e procedimentos, buscando acessar sua qualidade, com delineamentos prospectivo, transversal e analítico. O cenário foi a UTI cirúrgica-Adulto de um Hospital Público de Ensino. A casuística correspondeu às oportunidades de avaliação das práticas selecionadas, realizadas por médicos, enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, nos três turnos de trabalho, quando pertinente, em pacientes que teriam um CVC inserido e/ou que já possuíam CVC. A amostra baseou-se na conformidade esperada de 80%, com 5877 avaliações distribuídas entre as práticas selecionadas, realizadas por meio de observação direta ou registros em prontuários. Instrumentos e avaliadores foram submetidos a testes de aferição de concordância. A conformidade geral das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência foi de 91,6%. A conformidade geral obtido na avaliação das práticas de inserção do cateter venoso central de curta permanência foi nula (0,0%), que ocorreu devido à ausência do curativo oclusivo na inserção do CVC (0,0%), quanto às demais práticas avaliadas, todas obtiveram conformidade total (100,0%). A conformidade da prática de adesão aos cuidados e manutenção do curativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos: registro de troca do curativo, periodicidade da troca do curativo, desinfecção de hubs e conectores com clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% antes da manipulação foi de 51,5%, com a manhã o período que apresentou a maior taxa de conformidade (69,3%) e a tarde a menor (31,1%). A conformidade geral da prática de higiene das mãos na realização dos procedimentos selecionados foi apenas 10,7%, sendo que a Troca e realização de curativo (21,1%), seguindo-se Coleta de Sangue (10,2%) e administração de medicamentos (9,6%). O turno da manhã obteve maior adesão (12,7%) e o noturno a menor (8,4%). Nesta prática, o maior índice de conformidade foi obtido entre os enfermeiros em todas as práticas avaliadas (troca do sistema de infusão-18%, coleta de sangue-21,4%, administração de medicamento-20,4%, troca e realização do curativo 21,7%). Concluiu-se que, embora a avaliação das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência tenha atingido a conformidade esperada de 80%, as demais práticas necessitam de uma nova elaboração de estratégias que assegurem a adesão duradoura das práticas de controle e prevenção de ICS-ACVC, associado à análise contínua de infra-estrutura, disponibilidade de material e carga de trabalho. / There is a consensus that the process of prevention and control healthcare associated infection (HAI), based on result indicators is limited to recognize the real conditions in which assistance practices are performed. So, processual evaluations have been required to know the conformity level of these events in relation to recommendations given by the scientific evidence now available. The aim of this study was to evaluation the conformity of practices for prevention and bloodstream infection control associated with central venous catheter (BSI ACVC) by means of specifically elaborated processual clinical indicators. These practices corresponded to: a) Evaluation the practices of registration statement evaluation and central venous catheter for short stay evaluation; b) Evaluation the practices of the insertion of central venous catheter for short stay, percutaneous insertion, complete items for insertion of CVC, enlarged sterile field at the time of catheter insertion, use of antiseptic alcohol vehicle for the patient skin cleaning and occlusive dressing presence; c) Evaluation of the adherence to care practice and maintenance of CVC insertion healing and it devices: report of dressing and frequency changes, the hubs and connectors disinfection with chlorhexidine 0,5% before handling, exchange of catheters and transducers as institutional orientation; d) Evaluation of compliance to hand hygiene procedures in trading system for infusion, medication administration, blood collection, exchange an healing completion. This was an applied research involving findings about practices performance and procedures, aiming to access its quality, through a prospective transversal and analytical design. It took place in an surgical Adult ICU of a Public School Hospital. The casuistic corresponded to opportunities of selected practices evaluation , performed by physicians, nurses, nursing assistants and technicians, in three work shift, where relevant, in patients who had a CVC inserted and / or who had CVC. The sample was based on the expected conformity of 80 %, with 5,877 evaluations distributed among the selected practices, performed by means of direct observation or registers in patient records. Instruments and evaluators were submitted to tests for measuring compliance. The general conformity practices registration statement and permanence of central venous catheter for short stay was 91,6%. The overall conformity achieved in the evaluation of central venous catheter insertion a short stay was zero (0,0%), which was due to the absence of occlusive dressings on CVC insertion (0,0%), and the other evaluated practices all achieved full compliance(100,0%). The conformity adherence to care practice and maintenance of healing of the CVC insertion and their devices: dressing change report, dressing change frequency, the disinfection of hubs and connectors with chlorhexidine 0.5% before the manipulation was 51,5%, being that morning shift has the highest compliance rate (69,3%) and the afternoon shift the smallest (31,1%). The overall conformity of hand hygiene practice in the performance of selected procedures was only 10,7%, and the exchange and completion of healing (21,1%), followed by blood collection (10,2%) and administration drugs (9,6%). The morning shift had better adherence (12,7%) and the lowest night shift (8,4%). In the practice, the highest rate of compliance among nurses was obtained in all evaluated practices (exchange of the infusion system 18%, blood collection 21,4 %, drug delivery 20, 4%, exchange and completion of dressing 21, 7%). We have concluded that although the registration statement evaluation and permanence of central venous catheter for short stay has reached 80% as expected, other practices have needed a new formulation of strategies that ensure lasting adhesion of control practices and prevention of ICS-ACVC, associated to a continuum analysis of infra-structure and work conditions.