Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 82-84). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-126) Also available in print.

Com base no estudo da Lei 11, 419 de 19 de dezembro de 2006, conhecida como “Lei do processo eletrônico”, decretada pelo Congresso Nacional, pretende-se contextualizar o desenvolvimento da informatização do judiciário no Brasil, levando em conta as experiências que já vêm ocorrendo não apenas no Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas em diferentes instâncias judiciais do país, por exemplo, nos tribunais localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: o Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região, Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região e o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul que, em uso de sistemas informáticos, operacionalizam a prestação jurisdicional mediante a transmissão eletrônica de dados com base na Lei 11.419/06. Destaca-se também que a informatização do judiciário comporta celeridade na tramitação de peças processuais, sem desconhecer a adoção de cautelas que garantam suficientemente a segurança das informações relativas ao processo e às partes, o que se constata através da aplicação de assinaturas eletrônicas respaldadas por certificado digital que atende aos requisitos de autenticidade, validade jurídica e interoperabilidade da Medida Provisória 2.200-2/2001 relativa à criação da Infraestrutura de Chaves Pública Brasileira. Como resultado destas considerações, formula-se um diagnóstico situacional para a implantação de um processo eletrônico em El Salvador. / Based on the study of Law 11, 419 of 19 December 2006, known as the "Law of the electronic process," enacted by Congress, seeks to contextualize the development of computerization of the judiciary in Brazil, taking into account not also the experiences into the Supreme Federal Court, but in differents courts around the country, such as the courts located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: The Federal Court of the 4th Region, the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region and the Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in use of computer systems, effectuate the adjudication by the electronic transmission of data based on the Law 11.419/06. Also noteworthy is that the computerization of the judiciary behaves quickly, without ignoring the adoption of safeguards to ensure sufficient security of information relating to the proceedings and the parties, which is verified through the application of electronic signatures supported by digital certificate that meets requirements of authenticity, the legal validity and interoperability of Provisional 2.200-2/2001 on the creation of the Brazilian Public Key Infrastructure. As a result of these considerations, it makes up a situation analysis for the deployment of an electronic process in El Salvador.

The study aims to review the regulatory powers exercised by the South African Revenue Services (SARS) with regard to the issuing, decline or revocation of a taxpayer’s tax clearance certificate, to highlight any remedial measures and procedures available to the aggrieved taxpayer in order to protect the right of taxpayers to fair administrative action in their dealings with SARS. Previously, a tax clearance certificate was not issued in terms of any statute or provision of any Tax Act. However, since the introduction of the Tax Administration Act, as amended (TAA), the issuing of the tax clearance certificates are more efficiently regulated. The issuing of tax clearance certificate’s must conform to the values and principles prescribed for under current legislation, and more particularly, as espoused under the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution). However, it has been reported some taxpayer were experiencing unreasonable and incomprehensible delays in obtaining responses to the objections lodged with SARS for assessment. Taxpayers seeking resolution of their disputes with SARS, currently opt to incur litigation costs in order to obtain appropriate relief from the High Courts. Taxpayers must take note that there is nothing in Promotion of Administrative Justice Act (PAJA) or the common law, which empowers a Court to order an administrator to take action, including the making of a decision which the administrator is not lawfully allowed to make. The study highlights remedial measures and procedures available to the aggrieved taxpayer to prevent the misapplication of fiscal power by SARS in the issuing of the taxpayer’s compliance status, thus protecting the right to fair administrative action in their dealings with SARS. Taxpayers who are aggrieved by a decision taken by the Revenue Authority are encouraged to timeously address their grievances, commencing with the internal dispute resolution remedies provided for within the TAA. / Taxation

[pt] Esta tese nasceu da minha inserção profissional como assistente social em uma unidade de saúde de emergência do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Hospital Estadual Carlos Chagas - HECC, onde encontrei várias crianças que não possuíam sua certidão de nascimento. O estranhamento que me causou este fato tornou-se maior ao perceber recorrências significativas desta situação e suas reverberações. Verifiquei que essas crianças eram chamadas pelos profissionais do HECC como Filho de acrescido do nome da mãe. Aos poucos compreendi que a ausência de certidão de nascimento se constitui em um fenômeno oficialmente denominado sub-registro de nascimento, a respeito do qual há pouca produção teórica, como pude verificar ao longo do processo de investigação. Tal problemática veio a ser a minha questão de pesquisa. Meu objetivo nesta tese foi entender porque algumas crianças atendidas no HECC, no período compreendido entre os anos de 1999 a 2007, não foram registradas. Buscando uma abordagem etnográfica, procurei desvendar as razões deste fato. Para tanto investiguei os significados da certidão de nascimento com mães e pais e suas implicações nas interações com as instituições escolares. Já que algumas crianças não foram registradas porque suas mães também não o foram, incorporei no processo de investigação adultos igualmente sem certidão de nascimento. Tal problemática me sugere uma questão instigante para o debate sobre o registro civil que envolve a reprodução social dos setores pobres da sociedade. Com este estudo, pretendo contribuir para a compreensão da história da infância e da família pobre brasileira, na expectativa de que esta investigação seja um alerta para os setores responsáveis pelo sistema de registro civil no Brasil. Ademais, pretendo contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas educacionais. Como instrumentos de trabalho, utilizei um questionário, entrevistas abertas, conversas com mães e pais, observações, documentos e material institucional do HECC. Meu diálogo central se deu com Roberto DaMatta (1997a; 1997; 2000), Ana Liési Thurler (2004); Cynthia Sarti (1996;2004) e Cláudia Fonseca (2005;no prelo). / [en] This paper is a consequence of my professional insertion as a social assistant in an emergency room unity of Rio de Janeiro State - Hospital Estadual Carlos Chagas - HECC, where I met several children who did not have a birth certificate. This fact surprised me even more when I realized the situation was significantly recurrent, as well as its reverberations. I noticed that these children were referenced by HECC staff as Child of, plus the name of their mothers. Slowly I understood that the birth certificate absence constitutes a phenomenon officially called birth under-registration, about what there is a few theoric production, as I could verify during the investigation process. This issue is my researchs subject. My goal with this paper was to understand why some children treated in HECC during the period between 1999 and 2007 were not registered. Seeking for an ethnographic approach, my objective was to find out the reasons for that fact. In order to do that, I have investigated the meanings of birth certificates with mothers and fathers, and their implication on interactions with educational institutions. Since some children were not registered because their mothers were not registered neither, I have incorporated the adults with no birth certificate in the investigation process. This issue suggests me an intriguing question for the debate about civil register which involves a social reproduction of society poor sectors. With this paper, I intend to contribute for the understanding of childhood background and Brazilian`s poor families, expecting that this investigation is an alert for the sectors which are responsible for the civil register system in Brazil. In addition, I intend to contribute for the elaboration of educational public policies. As working tools, I used a questionnaire, open interviews, conversations with mothers and fathers, documents and institutional material from HECC. My central dialogue occurred with Roberto DaMatta (1997a; 1997; 2000), Ana Liési Thurler (2004); and Cynthia Sarti (1996;2004) e Cláudia Fonseca (2005; in edition).

Com base no estudo da Lei 11, 419 de 19 de dezembro de 2006, conhecida como “Lei do processo eletrônico”, decretada pelo Congresso Nacional, pretende-se contextualizar o desenvolvimento da informatização do judiciário no Brasil, levando em conta as experiências que já vêm ocorrendo não apenas no Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas em diferentes instâncias judiciais do país, por exemplo, nos tribunais localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: o Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região, Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região e o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul que, em uso de sistemas informáticos, operacionalizam a prestação jurisdicional mediante a transmissão eletrônica de dados com base na Lei 11.419/06. Destaca-se também que a informatização do judiciário comporta celeridade na tramitação de peças processuais, sem desconhecer a adoção de cautelas que garantam suficientemente a segurança das informações relativas ao processo e às partes, o que se constata através da aplicação de assinaturas eletrônicas respaldadas por certificado digital que atende aos requisitos de autenticidade, validade jurídica e interoperabilidade da Medida Provisória 2.200-2/2001 relativa à criação da Infraestrutura de Chaves Pública Brasileira. Como resultado destas considerações, formula-se um diagnóstico situacional para a implantação de um processo eletrônico em El Salvador. / Based on the study of Law 11, 419 of 19 December 2006, known as the "Law of the electronic process," enacted by Congress, seeks to contextualize the development of computerization of the judiciary in Brazil, taking into account not also the experiences into the Supreme Federal Court, but in differents courts around the country, such as the courts located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: The Federal Court of the 4th Region, the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region and the Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in use of computer systems, effectuate the adjudication by the electronic transmission of data based on the Law 11.419/06. Also noteworthy is that the computerization of the judiciary behaves quickly, without ignoring the adoption of safeguards to ensure sufficient security of information relating to the proceedings and the parties, which is verified through the application of electronic signatures supported by digital certificate that meets requirements of authenticity, the legal validity and interoperability of Provisional 2.200-2/2001 on the creation of the Brazilian Public Key Infrastructure. As a result of these considerations, it makes up a situation analysis for the deployment of an electronic process in El Salvador.

A partir del desarrollo del concepto de tradiciones discursivas, en los últimos años se ha realizado un estudio de textos del derecho del siglo XII, concretamente de unas actas de compra-venta. Estos documentos, aparentemente escritos en latín, ya presentan una sintaxis romance, muestra de la situación lingüística de la época, esa especie de bilingüismo diafásico entre el latín escrito y el romance hablado. Se empieza por un breve análisis fonológico, morfosintáctico y léxico, que ofrece una idea de las características lingüísticas del siglo. El objetivo del trabajo es el estudio de la estructura textual, facilitado por la escasa libertad de composición en este tipo de textos.---Based on the recent theoretical development of the discursive traditions, this article focuses on some law texts of the XIIth century, in particular, a few acts of purchase. These documents, apparently written in Latin, already display a Romance syntax. This depicts the linguistic situation of that time: some sort of dysphasic bilingualism between written Latin and spoken Romance. The article begins with phonological, morphological and lexical analyses that give a general idea of the characteristics of the language of the XIIth century. However, the objective of the present article is the study of the text structure, taking on consideration that there was not much room for creative display in this kind of documents.

In today’s fast-paced world, there is a constant demand for better and more efficient ways of doing business. Motorola in Linköping are using the agile development framework, Scrum in their software development. A certain level of quality must also be assured of the delivered goods and services. Is it possible to use Scrum and still meet the quality requirements? This Master Thesis is performed to investigate if it is possible to achieve a quality certificate from TL 9000, the telecom industry extension of ISO 9000, when using the agile development framework Scrum. The investigation consists of interviews and observations at Motorola, Linköping, along with literature studies about quality systems and agile development. The conclusion is that it is possible to meet the TL 9000 requirements when using Scrum, under the condition that some additional processes are performed and that other parts of the organization also fulfills the remaining requirements. This is needed since there are requirements that are out of scope for the Scrum framework. Examples of the suggested additions are to follow the Scrum framework more strictly and to adopt a more specific definition of done.

Com base no estudo da Lei 11, 419 de 19 de dezembro de 2006, conhecida como “Lei do processo eletrônico”, decretada pelo Congresso Nacional, pretende-se contextualizar o desenvolvimento da informatização do judiciário no Brasil, levando em conta as experiências que já vêm ocorrendo não apenas no Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas em diferentes instâncias judiciais do país, por exemplo, nos tribunais localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: o Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região, Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região e o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul que, em uso de sistemas informáticos, operacionalizam a prestação jurisdicional mediante a transmissão eletrônica de dados com base na Lei 11.419/06. Destaca-se também que a informatização do judiciário comporta celeridade na tramitação de peças processuais, sem desconhecer a adoção de cautelas que garantam suficientemente a segurança das informações relativas ao processo e às partes, o que se constata através da aplicação de assinaturas eletrônicas respaldadas por certificado digital que atende aos requisitos de autenticidade, validade jurídica e interoperabilidade da Medida Provisória 2.200-2/2001 relativa à criação da Infraestrutura de Chaves Pública Brasileira. Como resultado destas considerações, formula-se um diagnóstico situacional para a implantação de um processo eletrônico em El Salvador. / Based on the study of Law 11, 419 of 19 December 2006, known as the "Law of the electronic process," enacted by Congress, seeks to contextualize the development of computerization of the judiciary in Brazil, taking into account not also the experiences into the Supreme Federal Court, but in differents courts around the country, such as the courts located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: The Federal Court of the 4th Region, the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region and the Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in use of computer systems, effectuate the adjudication by the electronic transmission of data based on the Law 11.419/06. Also noteworthy is that the computerization of the judiciary behaves quickly, without ignoring the adoption of safeguards to ensure sufficient security of information relating to the proceedings and the parties, which is verified through the application of electronic signatures supported by digital certificate that meets requirements of authenticity, the legal validity and interoperability of Provisional 2.200-2/2001 on the creation of the Brazilian Public Key Infrastructure. As a result of these considerations, it makes up a situation analysis for the deployment of an electronic process in El Salvador.

In the environment of the 3:rd generation Internet based on peer-to-peer architecture, well-trusted methods must exist to establish a secure environment. One main issue is the possibility to verify that a node actually is who it claims to be (authentication). Establishment of authentication between nodes in a peer-to-peer environment where nodes are exchanging information directly with each other requires more planning than in a typical client-server environment where the authentication methods are server-based. The peer-to-peer applications described in this report use authentication methods based on central authorities as well as solutions without central authorities. Lack of standards in the way peer-to-peer systems should communicate and apply security lead to a variety of “local” communication and security solutions. These local solutions make different applications incompatible with each other, meaning that a peer using one application will not be able to communicate and exchange information with other peers using some other application.