published_or_final_version / Statistics / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama Lietuvos pastatų energinio naudingumo sertifikavimo metodika pagal STR 2.01.09:2005 „Pastatų energinis naudingumas. Energinio naudingumo sertifikavimas“. Ši metodika lyginama su STR 2.09.04:2002 „Pastato šildymo sistemos galia. Energijos sąnaudos šildymui“ šilumos nuostolių skaičiavimo metodika ir su faktiniu šilumos suvartojimu. Nagrinėjamos suminės energijos sąnaudos ir energinio naudingumo kvalifikacinis rodiklis esant skirtingo aukštingumo pastatams ir jo pokytis diegiant renovacijos priemones. Taip pat atliekama renovacijos priemonių ekonominio efektyvumo analizė. Sudaromas A klasės pastato modelis. Analizuojama energinio naudingumo klasės suteikimo sistema ir pateikiamos rekomendacijos energinio naudingumo sertifikavimui Lietuvoje. / In the master thesis the methodology of building energy performance by The national building regulation STR 2.01.09:2005 „Building Energy performance. Certificate of energy performance” is analysed . The methodology is compared with heat gains calculation methodology in regulation STR 2.09.04:2002 „Capacity of building heating system. Energy input for heating“ and actual heat consumption. The total energy consumption and the energy performance qualifying index is analyzed in the buildings of different height and the difference of index after renovation. The economical efficiency analysis of recommended renovation is analysed. The model of energy performance class is analised and the recomendations for energy performance certification in Lithuania are presented.

Le droit de la propriété intellectuelle présente, depuis quelques années, un intérêt particulier à l'évolution de la recherche sur les plantes. Ceci s'est traduit, au plan international, par l'adoption de plusieurs instruments visant à assurer une meilleure protection des investissements consentis dans ce domaine. Il s'agit notamment de la Convention de l'UPOV, qui s'inscrit dans une logique de protection par la voie sui generis avec la possibilité de délivrance de certificat d'obtention végétale aux sélectionneurs; de l'Accord ADPIC, qui, en plus de recommander un système sui generis efficace, ouvre l'option de protection par brevet ou en définitive par le cumul des deux systèmes; de la Convention sur la Diversité Biologique (CDB) et du Traité de la FAO portant sur les ressources phytogénétiques pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, qui, favorables aux deux précédentes formes de protection, demandent que soient prises en compte des considérations relatives aux droits souverains des pays sur leurs ressources végétales, au partage des bénéfices, etc. Au plan régional, on distingue, entre autres, l'initiative de l'Afrique, visant à assurer la protection des plantes suivant une logique partagée entre l'alignement sur les normes internationales existantes (Accord de Bangui) ou l'institution d'une autre législation originale qui reflète les réalités et préoccupations du continent (Loi modèle). Il apparaît donc qu'il existe plusieurs instruments pour cerner la même réalité. Ceci est forcément la source de quelques difficultés qui sont d'ordre conceptuel, socioéconomique, environnemental et juridique. Pour les pallier, il est important que certaines conditions soient satisfaites afin d'harmoniser les points de vue entre les différents acteurs concernés par la question et d'assurer une appropriation conséquente des instruments adoptés. / The intellectual property rights have showed increasing attention to the evolution of plant research in recent years. This has been reflected, at the international level through the adoption of several measures to ensure a fairly comprehensive protection of rights arising. These measures include the Convention of the Union for the protection of Plant breeder' Rights, which is part of a logic of protection through sui generis with the possibility of issue plant breeders' rights to breeders; the Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights Related to Trade, which, in addition to recommending an effective sui generis system gives the option of protection by patent or by the combination of the two systems of law to protect plant varieties; the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which supported both previous forms of protection, ask to be taken into account considerations on sovereign rights of nations over their plant resources, benefit sharing, and so on. At the regional level, there are the initiative of the Africa which aimed to ensure the protection of plants following a certain vision shared between alignment on existing international standards or the institution of another original legislation which reflects the realities and concerns of the continent. It then appears that there are several tools to handle the same reality, which can be a source of difficulty. These are difficulties are conceptual, socio-economic, environmental and legal. T0 overcome these difficulties, it is important that certain conditions are met to harmonise points of view between different actors involved in the issue and ensure a consistent ownership of the instruments adopted.

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本研究之主要研究目的在於探討我國公立中小學教師檢定與聘任制度之現況、相關問題及具體改進建議，包含教師檢定與教師証相關問題、甄聘介聘教師相關問題以及教師聘約相關問題三個部分。為達成上述目的，研究者採用文獻分析法、問卷調查法以及訪談法；首先分析教師檢定與聘任制度之理論基礎，以了解教師檢定與聘任制度之意義、功能與理想制度該如何運作；接著探討美國公立中小學教師檢定聘任制度可供我國借鏡與參考之作法；接著編製『國民中小學教師檢定與聘任制度運作成效與改進途徑之問卷』，針對臺北縣市國民中小學教育行政人員、兼行政之教師、未兼行政之教師、人事、校長及家長會委員進行調查研究；然後依問卷回收後之分析結果，選取專長為檢定聘任制度的學者、教育行政界之專家、學校行政界之專家進行訪談。最後綜合研究結果，建議我國公立中小學教師檢定與聘任制度可行之改進途徑，以提供相關單位決策及後續之研究。 本研究之問卷調查對象為臺北縣市之公立中小學教育人員以及教育局行政人員，樣本之取得採分層抽樣而來，共抽取47所學校與2所教育局，574位教育人員，回收有效樣本為490份，問卷資料處理採用SPSS10.0版進行統計分析；訪談資料處理則是逐題將專家學者之意見條列歸納。 據此，研究者係將本研究之調查結果發現與文獻探討發現作成結論如下： 一、教師檢定與教師証相關問題方面 （一）我國現行初檢與複檢制度不具篩選功能，形同虛設。 （二）現行實習制度問題重重，應取消現行制度，改為職前培育課程之一部分。 （三）應將現行教師檢定制度加入檢定考試。 （四）應儘速建立教師証撤回機制以保障學生受教權。 （五）應儘速建立教師証換証機制以成為教師專業化之基礎。 二、甄聘、介聘教師相關問題 （一）教師甄選與介聘之辦理方式以縣市教育局統一辦理為佳，但仍應尊重各校選擇。 （二）各校自行辦理教師甄選有其優點，然實務上缺點更多。 （三）無論公費分發或教育局甄選介聘而來之教師都應接受教評會審查，但其審查權應有所規範。 （四）校長對教師人選有異議，仍應尊重多數教評委員之決定。 （五）教師甄選評比方式各有優缺，唯相互搭配使用，才較具客觀性。 三、教師聘約相關問題 （一）一般國民中小學教評會沒有能力、也沒有意願處理教師之解聘、停聘、不續聘及淘汰學校之不適任教師。 （一）同一學校長聘教師之聘期宜統一訂定。 （二）我國教師聘約之設計不具實質意義。 本研究根據文獻探討、調查研究發現與結論作成以下建議： 一、教師檢定、聘任制度專業組織方面，本研究之建議如下： （一）建議教育部成立全國性教師資格檢定單位，且應為常設機構。 （二）建議各縣市教育局成立教師聘任審議單位，且應為常設機構。 二、教師檢定與教師証相關問題方面，本研究之建議如下： （一）由各師資培育機構負責第一階段檢定工作，可考慮加入校內資格考。 （二）國家舉辦之檢定考試應為教師基本能力測驗。 （三）仿美國之變通檢覈制度為我國另類教育另闢師資來源管道。 三、甄聘、介聘教師相關問題，本研究之建議如下： （一）應對選擇自辦之各校有所規範，使其甄選過程兼具公正與專業。 （二）各校自行決定教師甄審辦理方式之規定可考慮加入「罰則」。 四、教師聘約設計相關問題，本研究之建議如下： （一）各校教評會對教師解聘、停聘、不續聘之職權行使，若未盡其職，校長或校務會議有權移請主管教育行政機關依法處理。 （二）建議加入定期評鑑教師之制度以為續聘之依據。 （三）適度增加長聘教師之福利待遇。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the current situation and problems of teacher certification and employment system of public elementary and junior high schools in Taiwan, and then to look for the best and practical solutions to the problematic issues, which are inclusive of teacher certification and teacher certificate/licensure, teacher selection and employment, and teacher agreement. The methods of this study comprise literature analysis, comparative approach, questionnaire investigation, as well as follow-up interviews. Subjects of this study consisted educational and school administrators, teachers, parents, and experts in Taipei. Valid data from 574 subjects were analyzed together with the information of interviews from 7 experts. The major findings of this study include : 1.Both the first stage and the second stage of current teacher certification were considered dysfunctional in evaluating pre-service teachers, so that most subjects supported the certification exam. 2.The current internship system is supposed to be cancelled, and to become a part of teacher preparation curriculum of colleges or universities. 3.1t is necessary to establish renewal and withdrawal system of teacher licensure in order to promote the teaching quality. 4.The city/county committees of teacher selection were mostly supported, but each school should still have the right to choose the way of selecting teachers. 5.Every kinds of teachers should be examined and assessed by SCTSE (school committee of teacher selection and employment ) before employed. 6.The principals should respect the decisions made by most members of SCTSE. 7.The SCTSE was considered unable and unwilling to deal with employing and unemploying teachers. 8.The device of teacher tenure was considered unmeaning.

'Policy gaps' in education mean that the visions of policy-makers frequently fail to materialise fully, or at all, in teacher practice. This thesis argues that a significant 'policy gap' developed in New Zealand around school qualifications policy during the 1990's, and puts forward some explanations for that. A significant shift in government discourses over that period, from largely social democratic to predominantly neo-liberal discourses, was not matched by a similar shift in the discourses of teachers or the union that represents them. During the same period, teachers and their representative bodies were excluded from policy development, reflecting this shift in government discourses. Government and teachers were 'talking past each other'. As a result, qualifications reforms that might have been expected to be generally welcomed by the profession, as a government response to calls from the profession over many decades, were instead rejected by the majority of teachers. Furthermore, the absence of the teacher voice from policy development meant that the shape of the reforms moved significantly away from the profession's original vision, a further reason for its unacceptability to teachers. Reform was only able to be achieved when teachers and their union were brought back into the policy-making and policy-communicating processes and a version of standards-based assessment closer to the union's original vision was adopted by government. Nevertheless, the National Certificate of Educational Achievement that resulted appears to still be perceived by teachers as externally imposed and its origins in the profession's advocacy for reform over many years have been lost. This indicates that 'policy gaps', while easily opened, are not as easily closed.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyze the current effects of FSC production on the Czech market. The analysis of certified products in the Czech Republic was performed from the perspective of consumers and companies. The first step was a short consumer survey, which was distributed among respondents in electronic and paper versions. The main objective of this research was to measure awareness of FSC logo and its effects in the consumer choice process. The second part of this research was dedicated to companies producing or selling certified furniture. The field research was conducted among selected stores situated in České Budějovice.

The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Grades 10 to 12 (Schools), implemented from 2006, led to changes in promotion requirements and assessment practices. The investigation aimed at acquiring information about the extent to which the differences in the promotion requirements and assessment practices contributed to the high retention rate of learners in the FET Band. An explanatory mixed method strategy was followed to obtain reliable and valid results in this research. Quantitative research consisted of questionnaires and a survey to investigate OBE, assessment practices, the Grade 12 examinations and the impact of changes in promotion requirements since 2006. Qualitative research consisted of an interview with an official from the National Department of Education that contributed to a better understanding of policy changes. Based on the findings of the research, recommendations were constructed to improve assessment practices and to provide scientific data on the consequences of policy changes on the promotion of learners. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

Performance in Lesotho at senior level (COSC) has been poor. One of the subjects which is performed poorly is Biology 5090. This prompted the researcher to examine factors responsible for the poor performance in Biology 5090. The study also aimed at finding ways in which teachers envisage to improve Biology 5090 performance. Data was collected from three schools through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The study also adopted the General System Theory (GST) as the theoretical framework. Data was analyzed in line with qualitative content analysis, and from the perspective of the GST. The data analysis scheme was developed and presented (appendix P). The results of the study showed that Biology 5090 performance was affected by factors such as human resources, and the transformation process. The study also suggested ways in which Biology 5090 performance could be improved in Lesotho. These include: in-serving training, team work and others. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)