O gerenciamento produtivo através da implementação de sistemas de certificação pode trazer melhorias significativas do desempenho organizacional. Neste estudo é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o conceito de qualidade em alimentos, bem como são abordadas as particularidades de alguns sistemas de certificação de alimentos. O comportamento do consumidor de alimentos e atributos relacionados à percepção de qualidade em vinhos também faz parte da literatura pesquisada. Como método, realizou-se uma survey entre consumidores participantes de confrarias brasileiras de vinhos buscando avaliar a percepção atribuída por estes consumidores aos sistemas de certificação ISO 22000, APPCC, ISO 14001, produção orgânica e indicação geográfica para vinhos finos. Como resultado da análise de dados constata-se que a valorização aos sistemas de certificação abordados não se dá de forma igualitária, sendo a indicação geográfica de origem o sistema de certificação mais valorizado e mais conhecido para os consumidores confrades brasileiros, sobressaindo-se dos demais sistemas de certificação abordados. / Productive management through certification systems implementation may bring significant organizational performance improvements. This study is going to present a literature review based on the concept of food quality as well as the particularities of some food certification systems. Food consumer behavior and attributes regarding perception of quality in wines is also part of the studied literature. As a work method, a survey among consumers that participate in Brazilian fraternities of wines was carried out in order to evaluate the perception these consumers give to ISO 22000, HACCP and ISO 14000 certification systems, organic production and geographical indications for quality wines. A result of the data analysis reveals that the valuation certification systems do not get addressed equally, with the geographical indication of origin certification system more valued and better known to Brazilian consumer of wines of fraternities, standing out from the others certification systems addressed.

O gerenciamento produtivo através da implementação de sistemas de certificação pode trazer melhorias significativas do desempenho organizacional. Neste estudo é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o conceito de qualidade em alimentos, bem como são abordadas as particularidades de alguns sistemas de certificação de alimentos. O comportamento do consumidor de alimentos e atributos relacionados à percepção de qualidade em vinhos também faz parte da literatura pesquisada. Como método, realizou-se uma survey entre consumidores participantes de confrarias brasileiras de vinhos buscando avaliar a percepção atribuída por estes consumidores aos sistemas de certificação ISO 22000, APPCC, ISO 14001, produção orgânica e indicação geográfica para vinhos finos. Como resultado da análise de dados constata-se que a valorização aos sistemas de certificação abordados não se dá de forma igualitária, sendo a indicação geográfica de origem o sistema de certificação mais valorizado e mais conhecido para os consumidores confrades brasileiros, sobressaindo-se dos demais sistemas de certificação abordados. / Productive management through certification systems implementation may bring significant organizational performance improvements. This study is going to present a literature review based on the concept of food quality as well as the particularities of some food certification systems. Food consumer behavior and attributes regarding perception of quality in wines is also part of the studied literature. As a work method, a survey among consumers that participate in Brazilian fraternities of wines was carried out in order to evaluate the perception these consumers give to ISO 22000, HACCP and ISO 14000 certification systems, organic production and geographical indications for quality wines. A result of the data analysis reveals that the valuation certification systems do not get addressed equally, with the geographical indication of origin certification system more valued and better known to Brazilian consumer of wines of fraternities, standing out from the others certification systems addressed.

O gerenciamento produtivo através da implementação de sistemas de certificação pode trazer melhorias significativas do desempenho organizacional. Neste estudo é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o conceito de qualidade em alimentos, bem como são abordadas as particularidades de alguns sistemas de certificação de alimentos. O comportamento do consumidor de alimentos e atributos relacionados à percepção de qualidade em vinhos também faz parte da literatura pesquisada. Como método, realizou-se uma survey entre consumidores participantes de confrarias brasileiras de vinhos buscando avaliar a percepção atribuída por estes consumidores aos sistemas de certificação ISO 22000, APPCC, ISO 14001, produção orgânica e indicação geográfica para vinhos finos. Como resultado da análise de dados constata-se que a valorização aos sistemas de certificação abordados não se dá de forma igualitária, sendo a indicação geográfica de origem o sistema de certificação mais valorizado e mais conhecido para os consumidores confrades brasileiros, sobressaindo-se dos demais sistemas de certificação abordados. / Productive management through certification systems implementation may bring significant organizational performance improvements. This study is going to present a literature review based on the concept of food quality as well as the particularities of some food certification systems. Food consumer behavior and attributes regarding perception of quality in wines is also part of the studied literature. As a work method, a survey among consumers that participate in Brazilian fraternities of wines was carried out in order to evaluate the perception these consumers give to ISO 22000, HACCP and ISO 14000 certification systems, organic production and geographical indications for quality wines. A result of the data analysis reveals that the valuation certification systems do not get addressed equally, with the geographical indication of origin certification system more valued and better known to Brazilian consumer of wines of fraternities, standing out from the others certification systems addressed.

The attention on green building is driven by the desire to reduce a building’s running cost over its entire life cycle. However, with the use of sustainable technologies and more environmentally friendly products in the building sector, the construction industry contributes significantly to sustainable actions of our society. Different certification systems have entered the market with the aim to measure a building’s sustainability. However, each system uses its own set of criteria for the purpose of rating. The primary goal of this study is to identify a comprehensive set of criteria for the measurement of building sustainability, and therefore to facilitate the comparison of existing rating methods. The collection and analysis of the criteria, identified through a comprehensive literature review, has led to the establishment of two additional categories besides the 3 pillars of sustainability. The comparative analyses presented in this thesis reveal strengths and weaknesses of the chosen green building certification systems - LEED, BREEAM, and DGNB.

During the past few years an increased attention has been paid to environmental issues in the construction and property sector in Sweden. In order to simplify the work with these issues a Swedish environmental certification system for buildings called Miljöbyggnad has been developed. This thesis aims to investigate the opinion of a selected number of selected property owners of Miljöbyggnad. From that basis recommendations and actions for the future work with the system will be presented. The investigation has been conducted through personal interviews with five property owners. The main issues that the interviews have been based on are their purpose, experiences, perceived complications and future prospects in terms of certification using Miljöbyggnad. The system intends to be cost-effective, simple and to offer a relevant environmental assessment of buildings and the result from the report indicates that this is largely fulfilled. All respondents believe that Miljöbyggnad offers a relevant environmental assessment. All of them also believe that the system is simple except for some complications and 80 % believe that the system is cost-effective. In terms of the future, all interviewed property owners will most likely certify buildings under Miljöbyggnad, some to a greater extent than others. The conclusion from this investigation is that the system needs to be dynamic. Adaption to the social, environmental, technical, economical and legal conditions that prevail is vital. However, it is recommended that Miljöbyggnad retains its simplicity and avoid growing to become too comprehensive.

In future development dealingwith ongoing global urbanisation and sustainability challenges,urban development is often seen asa key component. To support urban development, various certification systems that define 'sustainable'buildingsor urban areashave been developed world-wide.For a Swedishcontext, Sweden Green Building Council (SGBC) has developed Citylab as asupporttool forsustainable urban development. This tool contains several certification systems and a guiding document forthe planning and construction phasesof urban development. The intention from start has been to include also a certification systemfocusing on follow-up requirementspost-construction inurban development projects, butthe role and function of thiscertification system havenotbeenspecifiedby SGBC. Inthis licentiate thesis,Researchthrough Design (RtD) and a transdisciplinary approachwere appliedto contribute to thedevelopment ofa credibleandready-to-use certification system for sustainable urban areas in a post-construction phase, called Citylab Post-Construction.Through that process the thesis also identifieskey considerations when designing such a certification system.There is little information on how existingcertification systemsfor sustainable urban development were developed,andthere is no well-known and widely used framework for their development. To guide the development of Citylab Post-Construction,a framework of key considerations was formulated,based on a literature review. The framework defines(1) benefits a certification system should provide, (2) principles it needs to fulfil in order to provide those benefits and (3) how to handle the principlesin the developmentprocess. Using theframework in the research presentedinthis thesis madeit clearer what was at stake in each decision and thus the development process more transparent.To identify needs and ideas forCitylabPost-Construction, potential future users of the certification systemwere interviewed. No consensus was reached regarding the role and function the certification system should have,but fouralternatives wereformulated. By comparing thesealternatives with the principles in the framework, differences and shortcomingswere identified. Situationsin whichdifferent principles within the framework may conflict with each otherwere also identified, e.g.the most scientifically credible solution may not always be practically feasible. Thus,the principles cannot all be fulfilled simultaneouslyand mustbe prioritisedand balancedagainst each other. Overall, thisrevealed aneed for deliberativeand transparent decisions regardingthe role and functionofthecertification system,and which principles are prioritisedin decision-making. For the specific case of developing CitylabPost-Construction, it was decided that the system should assess how urban areasperform in terms of sustainability, i.e.assess whether implemented measures have sufficient impact in terms of sustainability. Measures implemented to achieve that performance were not to be included in the assessment.Citylab Post-Construction includes two types of indicatorsfor evaluatingthe sustainability performance of an urban area: First, general indicators that assess sustainability aspects of relevance to all urban areas,and for which the level of performance required forcertification is the same for all urban areas;second,site-specificindicatorsthatareformulatedfor each individual urban areato be certifiedandassesssustainability aspectsimportantin the local context thatare not covered by the general indicators. When choosinggeneral indicators to include in Citylab Post-Construction, indicators already used in different contextswere long-listed, including e.g. Agenda 2030, planetary boundariesand Sweden's Environmental Objectives. Thelist was then processedby working groups comprisingdifferentstakeholders and competencies. Theirsuggestionswerefurther processed by the project teamand discussedwith a reference group,resultingin15 indicators to be refinedtogetherwith experts in each subject area. The entire certification system wassent out for public consultationand underwent workshop testing,where the indicators were testedon two different urbanareas.Based on feedback fromthe public consultation and workshop testing, the certification system was finalised. The Citylab Post-Construction manual developed will be used by SGBC in future certification processes.Based on this work, some conclusions can be drawn regarding the development of certification systems. First, the workhighlighted the importance of using a design-driven and transdisciplinary way of working,starting with the needs of future users,to clarify needsthat the certification systemshould meet. This can help distinguish thetype of certification system that willbe developed from other potentialsystems.Second, the framework of important considerations helpsidentifydifferent principlesthat must be balanced, based on the type of certification system intended. The framework can also be used when analysingexisting systems,to reveal how different principles have been balanced and prioritised. This can lead toa deeper understanding of differences between certification systems,andto a discussion on what kind of assessment a certification system should implyand how they should be used in different contexts. Third,the work in this thesis indicated that development of certification systems in accordance with the framework should use a transdisciplinary approach. This helps tobalancetheprinciples in the framework and to definesustainability, as thatrequires a discussion between different actors and different competencies. To confirm whether the certification system balancesthe principlescorrectly, different types of tests can be used iteratively during the developmentprocess. In this thesis, the development ofCitylab Post-Constructionis discussed and justified in a more transparent way than for many other certification systems. Whileachievingsustainable development in society as a wholewill requiremore than certification of urban areas, Citylab Post-Construction can support urban development as a component in a sustainable society. / Med en pågående global urbanisering och växande hållbarhetsutmaningar lyfts ofta stadsutveckling fram som en nyckelfråga för att nå en hållbar utveckling. För att stötta ett sådant arbete har det under de senaste decennierna utvecklats olika certifieringssystem runt om i världen, som genom indikatorer och kriterier anger vad som kan anses vara en mer hållbar byggnad eller stadsdel. I Sverige har Sweden Green Building Council (SGBC) utvecklat Citylabsom stöd för hållbar stadsutveckling. Citylab innehåller flera certifieringssystem som fokuserar på planerings-och byggnationsfasen av stadsbyggnadsprocessen. Idén har också varit att Citylab ska innefatta en certifiering av uppföljningen efter genomfört stadsutvecklingsprojekt. Vad en sådan certifiering skulle innebära mer konkret har dock inte specificerats. Det är här denna licentiatavhandling tar sin utgångspunkt. Genom ett designdrivet ochtransdisciplinärt förhållningssätt syftar denna avhandling till att bidra i utvecklingen av Citylab –certifiering av en stadsdels hållbarhet(som den nya certifieringen inom Citylab heter), samt även öka förståelsen för hur utvecklingen av certifieringssystem kan gå till mer generellt. Även om det gjorts forskning på existerande certifieringssystem, saknas det idag ett etablerat ramverk för hur certifieringssystem bör tas fram. Det finns också få exempel på redovisningar av hur olika system tagits fram. För att bidra till utvecklingen inom detta område presenteras i denna avhandling ett ramverk över nyckelfaktorer att beakta i utvecklingen av ett certifieringssystem. Ramverket inkluderar (1) vilka värden ett certifieringssystem ska skapa, (2) vilka principer som måste följas för att nå värdena samt (3) hur utvecklingen bör ske för att hantera principerna på rätt sätt. Ramverket baseras på litteraturstudier av tidigare forskning inom certifieringssystem och indikatorer för hållbar stadsutveckling. Detta ramverk används sedan genom avhandlingen och dess artiklar för att tydliggöra hur Citylab –certifiering av en stadsdel hållbarhetutvecklats, inklusive motiven bakom de val som gjorts.För att skapa en större förståelse för vilka behov och idéer som fanns för Citylab –certifiering av en stadsdel hållbarhetgenomfördes intervjuer med framtida potentiella användare av certifieringssystemet, till exempel kommunala tjänstemän, fastighetsägare och byggföretag. Intervjuerna resulterade inte i någon samstämmighet för vilken typ av certifieringssystem som skulle utvecklas, utan det framkom flera alternativ som skiljde sig från varandra. Genom att jämföra alternativen med principerna i ramverket tydliggjordes skillnaderna mellan alternativen. Det tydliggjorde också hur olika principer inom ramverket kan hamna i konflikt med varandra, det är exempelvis svårt att skapa ett certifieringssystem som följer högt ställda vetenskapliga krav samtidigt som det är praktiskt enkelt att genomföra utan att vara kostnadsdrivande. Denna avhandling visar således på behovet av en prioritering och balansering mellan principerna i ramverket, så att det blir både tillräckligt vetenskapligt och praktiskt. Detta klargjorde i sin tur behovet av genomtänkta och transparenta beslut över vilken typ av certifieringssystem som skulle skapas, baserat på vilka principer som prioriterades för varje beslut. För utvecklingen av Citylab –certifiering av en stadsdels hållbarhetbeslutades det inom utvecklingsprojektet att systemets övergripande syfte skulle vara att bedöma hur stadsdelen presterade hållbarhetsmässigt, med andra ord, bedöma om genomförda åtgärder nått tillräcklig effekt vad gäller hållbarhet. Hur stadsdelen nått prestandan, inklusive vilka åtgärder som satts in, ingår inte i certifieringssystemets bedömning.För att utvärdera hållbarhetsprestandan hos en stadsdelinnehåller certifieringssystemet två typer av indikatorer. Den första typen är generella indikatorer som anger hållbarhetsaspekter som är relevanta för alla stadsdelar, och som harkravnivåer som alla stadsdelar ska uppnå. Den andra typen är platsspecifika indikatorer som tas fram för varje enskild stadsdel som ska certifieras, för att lyfta hållbarhetsfrågor som är viktiga i den lokala kontexten men som inte täcks in av de generella indikatorerna. För att välja vilka de generella indikatorerna ska vara i certifieringssystemet gjordes först en genomgång av indikatorer som redan används i olika sammanhang, till exempel Agenda 2030, planetära gränser och Sveriges miljömål. Denna lista bearbetades sedan av arbetsgrupper bestående av personer från olika aktörer inom samhällsbyggnadsbranschen och med olika kompetenser inom hållbarhet. Arbetsgruppernas arbete bearbetades ytterligare av projektgruppen för utvecklingen av certifieringssystemet och stämdes av med en referensgrupp kopplad till projektet. Detta ledde till en lista på 15 indikatorer som i nästa steg utvecklades tillsammans med experter inom respektive sakområde. Hela certifieringssystemet gick sedan ut på remiss, samt genomgick betatest där två olika stadsdelar testbedömdes övergripande i enlighet med certifieringssystemets krav. Utifrån synpunkterna som framkom i remiss och betatest slutfördes arbetet till en manual för certifiering, som SGBC kommer använda i framtida arbete med att certifiera stadsdelar.Utifrån detta arbete går det att dra flera slutsatser för utvecklingen av certifieringssystem mer allmänt. För det första visar denna avhandling på vikten av att använda ett designdrivet och transdisciplinärt arbetssätt genom att utgå från behoven hos kommande användare för att i nästa steg kunna tydliggöra vilket behov certifieringssystemet ska fylla för sina användare. Detta kan göras både för att tydliggöra vilken typ av certifieringssystem som ämnas utvecklas och vilket typ av system som det inteämnas vara. Vidare kan ramverket med dess principer vara ett bra stöd i att förstå vilka avvägningar som behöver göras mellan olika principer, baserat på vilken typ av certifieringssystem som ska skapas. Ramverket kan också användas vidanalys av redan existerande certifieringssystem utifrån hur olika principer har balanserats och prioriterats. Det kan ge intressanta analyser för en fortsatt diskussion om hur certifieringssystem skiljer sig från varandra och varför, samt hur certifieringssystem bör se ut och användas i olika sammanhang. En annan slutsats är att utvecklingen av certifieringssystem, i enlighet med ramverket, bör använda ett transdisciplinärt angreppssätt i linje med arbetet med denna avhandling. Detta då både balanseringen mellan principer i ramverket och definitionen av hållbarhet kräver en diskussion mellan olika aktörer och mellan olika kompetenser. Avhandlingen visar också på vikten av att testa idéer för utvecklingen iterativt under arbetet som en del i att möjliggöra transdisciplinärt samarbete. Utvecklingen av certifieringssystemet Citylab –certifiering av en stadsdels hållbarhet, får genom denna avhandling en tydligare redovisning än många andra certifieringssystem för vilka avvägningar och beslut som gjorts. Genom sina indikatorer definierar certifieringen stadsutvecklingens roll i ett hållbart samhälle, både generellt i hela Sverige och i den platsspecifika kontexten. / <p>QC 20191220</p>

Denna rapport har till syfte att belysa varför förvaltande fastighetsbolag, med en långsiktig ägarstrategi på sitt fastighetsbestånd, väljer att miljöcertifiera sina lokaler. Samt hur de upplever investeringskostnaden som en certifiering medför, om de ser några problem eller brister i systemen och vad de tror om framtiden för miljöcertifieringar. Rapporten är avgränsad till miljöcertifieringssystemen GreenBuilding, LEED, BREEAM och Miljöbyggnad. Metoden som använts för att uppfylla rapportens syfte är semi-strukturerade expertintervjuer. Nyckelpersoner inom hållbarhetsarbete på åtta av de större fastighetsbolagen i Stockholmsområdet har intervjuats. Svaren från dessa intervjuer har sedan analyserats mot tidigare forskning på området och slutsatser har frammanställts utifrån denna analys.  Av rapporten framkommer att det idag finns många anledningar för en fastighetsägare att certifiera sina kommersiella lokaler. Certifierade lokaler är efterfrågade av hyresgäster, certifieringen medför en kvalitetssäkring för byggnaden samt upplevs ge en bra miljöstyrning vid såväl projekt som vid förvaltning. Utöver detta uppenbaras att det även finns ekonomiska incitament. Certifieringen medför lägre driftkostnader och förmånligare finansiering; både i form av tillgång till mer kapital och fördelaktiga lånevillkor. Företag som emitterar obligationer öronmärkta för gröna projekt (gröna obligationer), kan även se prisskillnader på dessa gentemot vanliga obligationer.  Fastighetsbolagen upplever likväl att det finns brister och förbättringsmöjligheter för certifieringssystemen. Att certifiera en byggnad är resurskrävande, både i form av tid och pengar, och den allmänna kännedomen kring miljöcertifieringar är fortfarande relativt låg. Ett införande av färdiga systemstöd för certifieringsprocessen efterfrågas och vi anser att marknadsföringen av systemen bör bli bättre. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att framtiden ändå ser ljus ut för miljöcertifieringssystemen. I Stockholmsområdet anser fastighetsbolagen att det för nyproduktion av kommersiella lokaler numera nästan är en hygienfaktor. De incitament som finns för att certifiera tycks överstiga de brister som uppmärksammats, och att det numera även går att certifiera med en ekonomisk vinning indikerar att certifierandet av kommersiella lokaler enbart kommer öka. / The objective behind this thesis is to clarify why real estate companies choose to environmentally certify their commercial buildings, how they feel about the investment cost of a certification and if they are experiencing any flaws with the certification systems. The report is delimited to the systems GreenBuilding, LEED, BREEAM as well as the Swedish system Miljöbyggnad; the future of these systems is also studied and discussed. The method used to carry out this objective is semi-structured expert interviews. Key persons in sustainability work at eight of the larger real estate companies in the Stockholm area has been interviewed. The answers from these interviews has then been analyzed and compared with previous research in the field, from this analysis conclusions have been made.  The results from the report shows that there are a lot of reasons for a real estate owner to environmentally certify their commercial buildings. Certified buildings are in demand from tenants, the certifications entail a quality reassurance for the buildings as well as provides a good instrument for environmental work both for projects and for asset management. In addition to this it is revealed that there are economic incentives to certify. It results in lower operating costs and advantageous financing; both in terms of access to more capital and more profitable loan conditions. Companies that emit bonds earmarked for green projects (green bonds), can also see differences in price on these compared to regular bonds.  Despite this, the real estate companies in Stockholm are experiencing some issues with the certification systems. To certify a building is demanding in resources; both time and money. The general population seem to have little understanding of the certification systems and what they entail. An implementation of complete system support for the certification process is requested and we believe that there is room for improvement when it comes to marketing the certification systems. In conclusion, the future of the environmental certification systems seems bright. In the Stockholm area, the real estate companies consider certifications on newly produced commercial buildings almost a requirement. The incentives to certify seems to be greater than the issues that has been brought up; and the fact that an economic profit can now be made by certifying indicates that the number of certifications carried out should increase.

Dealerships are the main interface for customer interaction when it comes to a multinational manufacturing company like Volvo Group. A lot of studies in the field of environmental impact is done on different kind of buildings like office buildings, residential buildings, public buildings etc by performing Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), Life Cycle Cost analysis (LCC) etc. However, the number of studies done on an industrial building are very less when compared to other types of buildings. Industrial buildings are equally important in the construction industry since they play a good share in environmental impacts caused by buildings. The main objective of the thesis is to analyse the working process at VGRE and suggest ways to incorporate life cycle thinking in their working process to improve the environmental performance of new dealerships. Interviews were conducted with VGRE employees; literature reviews were done and analysis of internal documents from VGRE were studied and analysed as a part of the thesis. The views and opinions of the VGRE employees in the area of environment impact reduction, life cycle assessment and certification scheme/system were obtained and the steps involved in the development of a dealership as well as the different type of contract were also studied from the internal documents provided from VGRE. Cost was one of the main barrier/challenges in all the cases. Lack of interest in getting a dealership certified was also mentioned during the interviews. Energy saving measures like the solar panels were considered as additional cost for a building. Their preference in referring to previous Life Cycle studies of similar buildings rather than doing a Life cycle study on each building was also observed. / I syfte att identifiera hur man integrerar livscykeltänkande i arbetsprocessen hos Volvo Group Real Estate (VGRE) för att förbättra miljöprestanda för nya återförsäljare är detta examensarbete i princip en analys av arbetsprocessen hos Volvo som gjordes genom att göra intervjuer med Volvos anställda både i Göteborg, Sverige och Finland. Litteraturöversikter om livscykelanalys (LCA) samt certifieringssystem var också en del av metodiken. Slutligen analyserades och studerades några interna dokument från Volvo. LCA på Volvo, hinder och utmaningar som möter under arbetsprocessen, intern dokumentation, skillnaderna mellan en återförsäljare och andra byggnader, kostnadsfaktorer / affärssaker är de viktigaste slutsatserna som diskuteras i resultatsektionen.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T17:23:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A produção de empreendimentos habitacionais no Brasil tem como desafios atender as expectativas que correspondam às realidades socioeconômicas, de déficit e de demanda. Além disto, é necessário produzir em grande quantidade, em menor tempo e pelo menor preço. Essa produção em larga escala e sem parâmetros mínimos de desempenho resultou, durante anos, na construção de moradias precárias com qualidade bastante inferior às necessidades dos usuários. Diante deste histórico de baixa qualidade das habitações surge a necessidade de estabelecer o desempenho mínimo para a construção das novas moradias proposta pela norma ABNT NBR 15575:2013 – Edificações habitacionais – Desempenho. Outro desafio para os países em desenvolvimento está em atender aos conceitos de sustentabilidade por meio dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. Com a norma em vigor e sua obrigatoriedade de aplicação, torna-se imprescindível que os conceitos de desempenho sejam contemplados pelos sistemas de certificação, uma vez que estão orientados a uma avaliação ambiental e prescritiva. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar o quanto os sistemas nacionais de certificação ambiental para edifícios habitacionais já estão atendendo aos critérios estabelecidos pela norma brasileira de desempenho. O método de pesquisa adotado foi uma revisão bibliográfica de cunho descritivo e exploratório, em que foram realizadas análises comparativas entre os critérios estabelecidos pelo AQUA, Selo Casa Azul e RTQ-R e os critérios de desempenho exigidos pela norma NBR 15575:2013. Os sistemas de certificação brasileiros sofreram adaptações e influências das metodologias internacionais, orientadas a uma avaliação ambiental. No entanto, os sistemas de certificação analisados já estão atendendo a algumas exigências da norma brasileira de desempenho. Neste caso, construtoras e escritórios de projetos que já atendem a alguma destas metodologias terão menos dificuldades para aplicação da norma, uma vez que algumas exigências já foram contempladas. A norma NBR 15575 visa assegurar a qualidade das habitações durante seu ciclo de vida, cujas exigências já estão sendo incorporadas, ainda que aos poucos na forma de projetar e construir, a exemplo dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. / The production of housing projects in Brazil is to meet the challenges and expectations correspond to socioeconomic realities, of deficit and demand. Moreover, it is necessary produce in large quantities, in less time and at the lowest price. This large-scale production and no minimum parameters resulted, for years, in the construction of substandard housing with much lower quality to user needs. Given this historical low quality of housing it is the need to establish minimum performance for the construction of new housing through of the standard ABNT NBR 15575:2013 - Residential Buildings - Performance. Another challenge for developing countries is to cater to the concepts of sustainability through environmental certification systems. With the agreed standard and its mandatory application, it is essential that the concepts of performance are contemplated by certification systems, since they are oriented to an environmental assessment and prescriptive. This research aims to identify how national systems of environmental certification for residential buildings are already meeting the criteria established by the Brazilian standard of performance. The research method used was a literature review of descriptive and exploratory nature, where comparative analyzes of the criteria established by AQUA, Blue House Seal and RTQ-R and the performance criteria required by the standard NBR 15575:2013 were performed. Brazilian certification systems have been adapted and influenced of the international methodologies, oriented to an environmental assessment. However, certification systems analyzed are already catering to some criteria of the Brazilian standard of performance. In this case, construction companies and design offices that already meet any of these methods will have less difficulty in applying the rule, since some criteria were already attended. The standard NBR 15575 is intended to ensure the quality of housing during their life cycle, whose demands are already being incorporated, albeit slowly as design and build, the example of environmental certification systems.

Syfte: CEEQUAL är det enda miljöcertifieringssystemet för anläggningsbranschen som används i Sverige. Trots att systemet inte är utsatt för någon som helst konkurrens är efterfrågan av det väldigt liten. För att förstå hur arbetet med CEEQUAL utvecklats från då att en översättning av manualen gjordes till svenska 2014 var målet att genom en undersökning av entreprenadföretagens attityder, resurser och implementering av CEEQUAL bedöma klimatet för framtida CEEQUAL-projekt. Metod: Intervjuer gjordes med respondenter från fyra stora entreprenadföretag i Sverige, där två företag tidigare utfört CEEQUAL-certifierade projekt och två inte hade det. Samma frågor ställdes vid varje intervju men följdfrågor varierade beroende på respondenternas svar. Varje intervju spelades in, transkriberades och verifierades av respondenten. Intervjuerna kompletterades med litteraturstudie för att få en ännu mer omfattande bild av hur arbetet ser ut med CEEQUAL. Resultat: CEEQUAL är ett bra certifieringssystem som bidragit till olika former av utveckling inom alla representerade företag. LCA är ett bidrag som förmodligen kommer användas vid allt fler projekt. När det talas om CEEQUAL påpekas allt för ofta att CEEQUAL skulle behöva anpassas till de svenska förhållandena. En översättning gjordes men att anpassa CEEQUAL mer till svenska lagar och arbetssätt har inte kunnat göras. Detta på grund av CEEQUAL-organisationen som varit tydliga med vilka riktlinjer som ska följas vid certifieringen av CEEQUAL, något som måste respekteras om det är CEEQUAL som ska användas. Vidare anser entreprenörerna att högre miljökrav måste komma från beställarsidan. Parallellt måste en skärpt lagstiftning eller en miljöpolicy tas fram av staten för att vägleda beställare vid offentlig upphandling för att uppnå bättre miljöarbete. Konsekvenser: CEEQUAL är ett väl fungerande miljöcertifieringssystem och genom att sätta sig in i det kan man hitta delar som kan bidra till verksamheten. Det framgår att det inte görs mer än vad lagar kräver, därmed kan staten bidra genom att skärpa de lagar och regler som finns. Entreprenörerna vill utmanas och ser positivt på att det ställs högre krav på dem. Ökad kommunikation mellan aktörerna är en nyckelfaktor för att hållbarhetsarbetet ska fortsätta utvecklas. Begränsningar: Arbetet har endast inkluderat entreprenörer, då syftet har varit att spegla deras framtid med CEEQUAL. Även om det finns fler certifieringssystem för anläggning än CEEQUAL har de inte inkluderats då de inte används i Sverige. En enkätundersökning hade kunnat ge en större bredd till arbetet, men inte det djup som har krävts för att svara på frågeställningarna. Nyckelord: Attityder, CEEQUAL, entreprenadföretag, hållbar utveckling, implementering, miljöcertifieringssystem, resurser. / Purpose: CEEQUAL is the only environmental certification system adapted for civil engineering that is used in Sweden. Although the system meets no competition, the demand for it is low. In order to understand how working with CEEQUAL developed from the translation of the manual to Swedish in 2014, the aim was to assess the climate for future CEEQUAL projects by examining the entrepreneurship’s attitudes, resources and implementation of CEEQUAL. Method: Interviews were conducted with respondents from four major construction companies in Sweden, where two companies previously performed CEEQUAL certified projects and two did not. The same questions were asked at each interview but follow-up question varied depending on the respondents’ answers. Each interview was recorded, transcribed and verified by the respondent. The interviews were supplemented with literature studies to get an even more comprehensive picture of what working with CEEQUAL looks like. Findings: CEEQUAL is a good certification system that contributes to various forms of development within all represented companies. LCA is a contribution that will probably be used for more and more projects. When it comes to CEEQUAL, it is often pointed out that CEEQUAL would be adapted to Swedish conditions. A translation was made but adapting CEEQUAL more to Swedish laws and working methods has not been possible. This because the CEEQUAL organization has been clear about the guidelines to be followed in CEEQUAL certification, which must be respected if CEEQUAL is the system to be used. Furthermore, the contractors consider that higher environmental requirements must come from the clients. In parallel, a sharpened legislation or environmental policy must be developed by the state to guide procurers in public procurement in order to achieve better environmental work. Implications: CEEQUAL is a well-functioning environmental certification system and by signing into it, you can find parts that can contribute to the business. It is apparent that no action is taken than law requires, so the state can contribute by tightening the laws and regulations that exist. Entrepreneurs want to be challenged and look forward to higher demands being requested. Increased communication between actors is a key factor in ensuring that sustainability work continues to evolve. Limitations: This paper has only included entrepreneurs, as the purpose has been to reflect their future with CEEQUAL. Although there are more certification systems regarding civil engineering than CEEQUAL, they are not included as they are not used in Sweden. A survey could have provided a broader scope for the work, but not the depth required to answer the questions.