Bakgrund: För att hjälpa användare genom de IT-förändringsprocesser som genomförs på grund av digitalisering använder förändringsledningens verktyg inom change management. I tidigare forskning framgår att användarinvolvering är viktigt för att förändringar ska kunna bli framgångsrika, speciellt inom IT. Samtidigt visar forskaretyder forskningen på att hanteringen involveringen av användare i förändringsprocesser är problematisk, exempelvis på grund av användares inställning och motivation. Eftersom nya IT-system förväntas användas av just användare är en förståelse av deras situation viktig för att förändringsledningen ska kunna skapa förutsättningar för att genomföra hållbara förändringar som är hållbara i organisationen. Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka på vilka sätt intressenter med olika perspektiv  användarena och förändringsledningen upplevt en genomförd IT-förändringsprocess, med fokus på användarnas involvering i och inställning till förändring. Studien syftar därigenom att visa hur en flerdimensionell syn och förståelse för en förändring kan hjälpa organisationer i deras respektive förändringsarbeten. Detta för att reda utse hur en flerdimensionell syn och förståelse för av en förändring kan hjälpa organisationer att genomföra mer hållbara förändringar. Metod: Med en kvalitativ ansats genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med användare samt personer ur ledningen på två organisationer samt den gemensamma förändringsledningen då. dDessa organisationer har tillsammans har genomfört en förändringsprocess. som Förändringen motsvarar vårt studerade fall i denna fallstudie. Det empiriska materialet har sedan tolkats och analyserats så att vi kunnat dra slutsatser utifrån det. Slutsats: Användare och förändringsledare kan upplevera förändringsprocesser olika utifrån deras respektive perspektiv. Exempelvis har dDetDet upplevda behovet av en förväntad förändring har visatr sig ha stor påverkan på användarnas inställning till den studerade förändringen. Detta både gällande deras vilja att medverka samt deras acceptans av förändringen. För att ledare ska kunna genomföra hållbara förändringar visar studien vikten av att centrera användarna, exempelvis genom informering, användarmedverkan och utbildning, för att öka derass involvering och kunskap. Att ha användaren i fokus är inte bara viktigt under själva projektprocessen, utan även under tiden efter att förändringens resultat implementerats genomförts. Detta för att användarna ska kunna få stöd i sin anpassning och transitionsprocess och därmed ta till sig förändringen fullt ut. Enligt vår studie skulle det därigenom öka möjligheterna för organisationen att genomföra förändringar som uppnår sitt förväntade värde ur olika intressenters både förändringsledningens och användarnas perspektiv och därmed bidra till förändringens hållbarhet. / Background: To help users through an IT change process, that is implemented to attain the need of digitalization, different tools for of change management are used. Previous research state that users and user involvement in change processes are important factors to be able to succeed with changein IT. Additionally, research shows that management of users is problematic due to user attitude and their motivation. Since a new system is expected to be used by the users, it is important for the change management to gain a good understanding of the users' situation to create a basis for organizations to attain sustainable changes. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine how the stakeholdersusers and change management  with different perspectives experience an implemented IT change processes, focusing on the user’s involvement and their attitude towards it. Furthermore the study aimstudy aims to unravel how a multidimensional perspective and understanding can help organizations to implement more sustainable changes.   Method: Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews led to a conduction of empirical data from users and change leaders from two organizations. These two organizations had together accomplished a change process which we use as our case study. Furthermore, the empirical data has been interpreted and analyzed in order to conduce a conclusion. Conclusion: Users and the change management of an organizationleaders can experience change processes different depending onaccording to their different perspectives. For instance, tOur caseThe study showed that the expected change has a big impact on the users' attitude towards the change process, concerning b. oth their ambition to participate and to accept the change. We suggest the management toThe management should centralize the users, using informing, user participation and education to increase their involvement and knowledge. To centralize the user is not only important during the project process but it is also important after the result of the change has been implemented. The change management needneeds to support the users during their adaption and transition process for them to assimilate the changefully absorb the change. According to our study, it would therefore increase the opportunities for the organization to accomplish changes that can attain it’sits expected value from the perspective of different stakeholdersusers and change management to eventually terminate in sustainable change..

It is well established that rural regional Australians have borne the brunt of globalization in terms of the adverse impacts caused by social and economic restructuring resulting from global, national and local forces. In response governments and communities have embraced sustainability and civil society for promoting local community action and responsibility for social, economic and environmental issues. This research focuses on community narratives about the social change processes as they engage the forces of neo-liberal policies. Applying a qualitative, grounded theoretical approach to data collection and analysis this study also adopts a multi-perspective, multi-disciplinary framework to gain more holistic, contextual understandings of community functioning and change. In echoing the principles of community psychology, the foundational, multidisciplinary concepts of sense of community, social capital, civil society, empowerment and conscientization have informed understandings of this communitys process and outcome towards transformational change. This study offers a critical reflection of transformational change in an effort to promote more peaceful, collaborate relationships between dominant and oppressed groups in expanding our understandings and solutions for community change. Identified by Newbrough (1992, 1995) as the Third Force Position, the ideals of political community are visibly expressed as they attempt to pursue transformational change towards a just and sustainable future for the community. However, while civil society has made a positive contribution, also apparent are the processes and outcomes which affect those most vulnerable. Those most powerless continue to suffer from exclusion, marginalization and as a result are denied access to vital resources to meet their needs.

Cette thèse a comme objectif général d’enrichir la compréhension du phénomène de mise en œuvre des services cliniques intégrés en contexte organisationnel. Elle s’inscrit dans la perspective théorique du sensemaking organisationnel (Weick, 1995). Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié comment des acteurs ont construit le sens du projet d’intégration qu’ils devaient mettre en œuvre, et les répercussions de cette construction de sens sur des enjeux cliniques et organisationnels. Le contexte étudié est une nouvelle organisation de santé créée afin d’offrir des services surspécialisés à des personnes aux prises avec un trouble concomitant de santé mentale et de dépendance. Une stratégie de recherche de type qualitatif a été utilisée. L’analyse a reposé sur des données longitudinales (8 ans) provenant de trois sources : des entrevues semi-dirigées, des observations et de l’analyse de documents. Deux articles en découlent. Alors que l’article 1 met l’accent sur la transformation des pratiques professionnelles, l’article 2 aborde le phénomène sous l’angle de l’identité organisationnelle. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons réalisé une analyse critique des écrits. Celle-ci a porté sur les tendances actuelles dans la façon d’étudier la mise en œuvre des services intégrés pour les troubles concomitants. Les résultats obtenus sont présentés dans l’article 3. Quatre grands constats se dégagent de l’ensemble de ce travail. Le premier est que la mise en œuvre de services cliniques intégrés est un phénomène dynamique, mais sous contrainte. Autrement dit, il s’agit d’un phénomène évolutif qui se définit et se redéfinit au gré des événements, mais avec une tendance lourde à maintenir la direction dans laquelle il s’est déployé initialement. L’énaction et l’engagement des professionnels sont apparus des mécanismes explicatifs centraux à cet égard. Le second constat est que la mise en œuvre s’actualise à travers des niveaux d’intégration interdépendants, ce qui signifie que le contexte et l’objet qui est mis en œuvre coévoluent et se transforment mutuellement. Nos résultats ont montré que la notion de "pratiques de couplage" était utile pour capter cette dynamique. Notre troisième constat est que la mise en œuvre demeure profondément ancrée dans le sens que les membres organisationnels construisent collectivement du projet d’intégration à travers leurs actions et interactions quotidiennes. Cette construction de sens permet de comprendre comment le contenu et la forme du projet d’intégration se façonnent au gré des circonstances, tant dans ses aspects cliniques qu’organisationnels. Enfin, le quatrième constat est que ces dynamiques demeurent relativement peu explorées à ce jour dans les écrits sur l’implantation des services intégrés pour les troubles concomitants. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que ce manque de reconnaissance pourrait expliquer une partie des difficultés de mise en œuvre actuelles. Globalement, ces constats permettent d’enrichir considérablement la compréhension du phénomène en révélant les dynamiques qui le constituent et les enjeux qu’il soulève. Aussi, leur prise en compte par les décideurs et les chercheurs a-t-elle le potentiel de faire progresser les pratiques vers une intégration accrue. / The main objective of this thesis is to further our understanding of the implementation process of integrated care in an organizational context. It is structured on the sensemaking perspective (Weick, 1995). At first, we studied how actors construct the meaning of the integration project they had to implement, and the impact of this sensemaking on clinical and organizational issues. The context studied is a new organization created to provide ultra-specialized services to patients suffering from co-occurring mental health and addiction disorders. We used a qualitative research strategy and based our analysis on longitudinal data (8 years) collected from three sources: semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. This analysis has resulted in two articles. While the first article focuses on the transformation of professional practices, the second article examined the phenomenon in terms of organizational identity. Secondly, we conducted a critical analysis of the literature,focused on current trends in the way implementation studies of integrated services are carried out. The results are presented in the third article. Four main findings emerge from this work. The first finding is that the implementation of integrated care is a dynamic phenomenon, not without strain or tensions. In other words, this is an evolutive phenomenon that is defined and redefined depending on events, but never completely renewed. The enaction and commitment of professionals appeared to be key explanatory mechanisms of this phenomenon. The second finding is that implementation is actualized through interrelated levels of integration, which means that the context of implementation and the object that is implemented co-evolve and become mutually transformed. Our results showed that the concept of "coupling practices" was useful to capture this dynamic. The third finding is that implementation remains deeply rooted in the meaning that organizational members collectively construct of the integration project, through their everyday actions and interactions. This sensemaking leads to understanding how the content and form of the integration project are shaped according to circumstances, both from clinical and organizational aspects. The fourth finding is that these dynamics remain relatively unexplored to date in the scientific literature on the implementation of integrated care for co-occurring disorders. We hypothesize that this lack of recognition may explain some of the actual difficulties in implementing these services. Overall, these findings considerably enrich general understanding of the phenomenon by revealing the dynamics that constitute it and the issues it raises. Also decision makers and researchers consideration of these dynamics has the potential to promote and improve integrated practices.

Unresolved painful emotional experiences such as bereavement, trauma and disturbances in core relationships, are common presenting problems for clients of psychodrama or psychotherapy more generally. Emotional pain is experienced as a shattering of the sense of self and disconnection from others and, when unresolved, produces avoidant responses which inhibit the healing process. There is agreement across therapeutic modalities that exposure to emotional experience can increase the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Moreno proposes that the activation of spontaneity is the primary curative factor in psychodrama and that healing occurs when the protagonist (client) engages with his or her wider social system and develops greater flexibility in response to that system. An extensive case-report literature describes the application of the psychodrama method in healing unresolved painful emotional experiences, but there is limited empirical research to verify the efficacy of the method or to identify the processes that are linked to therapeutic change. The purpose of this current research was to construct a model of protagonist change processes that could extend psychodrama theory, inform practitioners’ therapeutic decisions and contribute to understanding the common factors in therapeutic change. Four studies investigated protagonist processes linked to in-session resolution of painful emotional experiences. Significant therapeutic events were analysed using recordings and transcripts of psychodrama enactments, protagonist and director recall interviews and a range of process and outcome measures. A preliminary study (3 cases) identified four themes that were associated with helpful therapeutic events: enactment, the working alliance with the director and with group members, emotional release or relief and social atom repair. The second study (7 cases) used Comprehensive Process Analysis (CPA) to construct a model of protagonists’ processes linked to in-session resolution. This model was then validated across four more cases in Study 3. Five meta-processes were identified: (i) a readiness to engage in the psychodrama process; (ii) re-experiencing and insight; (iii) activating resourcefulness; (iv) social atom repair with emotional release and (v) integration. Social atom repair with emotional release involved deeply experiencing a wished-for interpersonal experience accompanied by a free flowing release of previously restricted emotion and was most clearly linked to protagonists’ reports of reaching resolution and to post session improvements in interpersonal relationships and sense of self. Acceptance of self in the moment increased protagonists’ capacity to generate new responses within each meta-process and, in resolved cases, there was evidence of spontaneity developing over time. The fourth study tested Greenberg’s allowing and accepting painful emotional experience model as an alternative explanation of protagonist change. The findings of this study suggested that while the process of allowing emotional pain was present in resolved cases, Greenberg’s model was not sufficient to explain the processes that lead to in-session resolution. The protagonist’s readiness to engage and activation of resourcefulness appear to facilitate the transition from problem identification to emotional release. Furthermore, experiencing a reparative relationship was found to be central to the healing process. This research verifies that there can be in-session resolution of painful emotional experience during psychodrama and protagonists’ reports suggest that in-session resolution can heal the damage to the sense of self and the interpersonal disconnection that are associated with unresolved emotional pain. A model of protagonist change processes has been constructed that challenges the view of psychodrama as a primarily cathartic therapy, by locating the therapeutic experience of emotional release within the development of new role relationships. The five meta-processes which are described within the model suggest broad change principles which can assist practitioners to make sense of events as they unfold and guide their clinical decision making in the moment. Each meta-process was linked to specific post-session changes, so that the model can inform the development of therapeutic plans for individual clients and can aid communication for practitioners when a psychodrama intervention is used for a specific therapeutic purpose within a comprehensive program of therapy.

This master's thesis concerns the problems of choosing the right information system, or more precisely the changeover of information system in a small company. It describes a possible solution on a concrete example of customer care support process by means of the tools of ICT. In the theoretical part it looks in more depth at the information system as a whole unit and also at the (often omitted) success factors of implementation of changes. The analytical part contains predominantly the preparation and analysis of information needed for the selection of suitable solution and the preparation of demand. The focal point of the practical part consists of the proposal of a possible solution, modelling of procedures, the preparation of the modification project and the economical evaluation of these proposals.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilka faktorer som är avgörande för unga officerare att stanna kvar i yrket och belysa deras föreställning avseende vad som skulle kunna få dem att lämna yrket i förtid. Jämförelsen mellan dessa två förhållningssätt ger en tydligare bild avseende vad som Försvarsmakten måste utveckla för att färre officerare ska lämna yrket i en tid när organisationen ska växa.   Sammanfattningsvis pekar studies slutsatser på att varierande och utmanande arbetsuppgifter i förhållande till genomförd utbildning med en kommunicerad individuell utvecklingsplan mot nästa befattning/skola inom ramen för en organisation med hög flexibilitet, god gemenskap och ett nutida ledarskap som motiverar unga officerare till att stanna kvar. Avsaknaden av ovan och utebliven kommunikation runt den individuella utvecklingsplanen samt en låg förståelse för unga officerares behov av en flexibel arbetsgivare och då särskilt när livssituationen förändras. Detta sammantaget får unga officerare att tappa förtroendet, tilliten och känslan av betydelse vilket leder till att unga officerare lämnar Försvarsmakten.   Rekommendationen till Försvarsmakten är att myndigheten måste förtydliga vikten av hur organisationen jobbar med frågor kring motivation och arbetstillfredställelse. För chefer är det ett systematiskt arbete att genom sitt ledarskap motivera sina medarbetare genom att cheferna har en roll som motivationsgivare och det kräver att chefer är nära sin organisation samt söker svar på vad som motiverar sin medarbetare genom ett aktivt samspel. / The purpose of the research is to determine which factors are essential for young officers to remain in the profession and shed light on what could cause them to leave. The comparison between these two approaches gives a better understanding of what the Armed Forces must develop to reduce the number of officers leaving the profession at a time when the organization must grow.   It is the authors' conclusion that varied and challenging tasks in conjunction with a completed education where there is a clearly communicated and individual development plan towards the next position / school within the framework of an organization with high flexibility, good community and a contemporary leadership will motivate young officers to stay. The lack of the above, poor communication around the individual development plan and a low understanding of the young officers needs for a flexible employer, especially when life situations change, will result in young officers losing their confidence, trust and sense of significance leading them to leave the Armed Forces.   The recommendation to the Swedish Armed Forces is that the organization must clarify the importance of how it deals with questions regarding motivation and job satisfaction. For managers, it is a continuous and systematic duty to motivate their employees through their leadership. Managers have a key role as a motivator and that requires managers to be close to their organization and seek answers to what motivates their employees through an active interaction. / <p>Presentationen genomfördes via ZOOM med anledning av den pågående pandemin (covid-19).</p>

Merger and Acquisition (M&amp;A) is a widely adopted strategy in today's corporate landscape for acquiring a competitive edge. Despite its prevalence, M&amp;As frequently encounter setbacks when the integration of existing IT systems is neglected. Therefore, undertaking a digital transformation becomes crucial to ensure the success of M&amp;As. As a result of the merge, digital transformation brings about a significant shift in the way employees work, necessitating their acceptance and adaptation to the change for the transformation to be successful. This research investigates this phenomenon by conducting a case study on a recently merged organization consisting of five countries that employs digital transformation to create a cohesive work environment. From a leadership and communication perspective, this study explores soft factors that, in an early stage, can aggravate a digital transformation in a merged organization according to employees individual understanding and point of view. Specifically, the study identifies soft factors in the early stages that could aggravate the execution of the digital transformation and investigates how management and communication can address the soft factors. The study involved conducting 17 interviews with employees within the chosen organization. The data was analyzed using an analytical framework that was created by the authors called "Three Aspects During a Change Process at an Early Stage". The study identified 12 factors in the shape of soft values that could make the execution of the digital transformation more difficult and demonstrated that these factors can be addressed using the "Three Aspects During a Change Process at an Early Stage" analytical framework from a management and communication perspective. / M&amp;A (Mergers &amp; Acquisitions) är en strategi i dagens företagslandskap för att erhålla konkurrensfördelar. Trots dess utbredning stöter M&amp;As ofta på hinder när integreringen av befintliga IT-system försummas. Därför blir genomförandet av en digital transformation avgörande för att säkerställa en M&amp;As framgång. Som ett resultat av sammanslagningen kan digital transformation innebära en betydande förändring i hur anställda arbetar, vilket kräver deras acceptans och anpassning till förändringen för att transformationen ska bli framgångsrik. Denna studie undersöker detta fenomen genom att genomföra en fallstudie på en nyligen sammanslagen organisation i fem länder som använder digital transformation för att skapa ett enhetligt arbetssätt. Från ett lednings- och kommunikationsperspektiv undersöker denna studie mjuka värden som i ett tidigt skede kan komma att försvåra en digital transformation inom en organisation som genomgått en sammanslagning genom att tolka och förstå anställdas individuella uppfattningar och synsätt. Studien identifierar mjuka värden i ett tidigt skede som kan försvåra genomförandet av den digitala transformationen och undersöker hur ledning och kommunikation möjligtvis kan bemöta dessa faktorer. Studien involverar genomförandet av 17 intervjuer med anställda inom den valda organisationen. Empirin analyserades utifrån analysmodellen “De tre aspekterna under en förändringsprocess i ett tidigt skede", framtagen av författarna. Studien identifierade 12 faktorer, i form av mjuka värden, som kunde försvåra den digitala transformationen och visade att dessa faktorer kan hanteras med hjälp av analysmodellen utifrån ett ledarskaps- och kommunikationsperspektiv.

The study focused on the role of the school management team in curriculum change management. Apart from a literature review, an empirical investigation based on a qualitative research paradigm involving semi-structured individual and focus group interviews was used to collect data at three secondary schools in the Tshilamba circuit in Limpopo Province. Literature findings revealed that although, in the first place, politically inclined the introduction of Curriculum 2005 was also steered by the socio-economic needs of the country. Empirical findings elicited that although managing curriculum changes was a challenging effort on account of an initial and continuous lack of adequate training, the school management teams of the selected schools were acquainted with significant knowledge and skills on curriculum change management. This pertains to lesson plan management, supporting and monitoring educators, managing the school register and timetable and managing school finances to select teaching and learning resources. / Further Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

The study focused on the role of the school management team in curriculum change management. Apart from a literature review, an empirical investigation based on a qualitative research paradigm involving semi-structured individual and focus group interviews was used to collect data at three secondary schools in the Tshilamba circuit in Limpopo Province. Literature findings revealed that although, in the first place, politically inclined the introduction of Curriculum 2005 was also steered by the socio-economic needs of the country. Empirical findings elicited that although managing curriculum changes was a challenging effort on account of an initial and continuous lack of adequate training, the school management teams of the selected schools were acquainted with significant knowledge and skills on curriculum change management. This pertains to lesson plan management, supporting and monitoring educators, managing the school register and timetable and managing school finances to select teaching and learning resources. / Further Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the systems in place to build the capacity of elementary instructional coaches in a fast-growth district. Through syntheses of research from educational scholars, the conceptual framework was developed with a focus on building capacity of instructional coaches in an ever-changing environment of fast-growth through the lens of professional learning communities, human and social capital, and support from district and campus administration. This study assessed the perceptions of six instructional coaches, six principals, and six district leaders from Rose ISD regarding the school district's support for building the capacity of instructional coaches within the elementary instructional coaching program. The three-part data collection process included document analysis, in-depth interviews, and focus group interviews to support triangulation of data. Through the a priori coding process, the following four themes emerged that highlight key components needed to support district leaders in establishing systems to build the capacity of instructional coaches in an ever-changing environment caused by fast growth: structured time for professional learning, program clarity, collaborative support systems, and implementation of a professional learning community framework. This study revealed a specific need to further understand systems for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the instructional coaching program in an ever-changing environment of a fast-growth district.