Orientador: Paulo Henrique Martinez / Banca: Wilton Carlos Lima da Silva / Banca: Enezila de Lima / Resumo: As realidades políticas e sociais são determinantes na explicação da prevalência de modelos de caridade e assistência em detrimento de outros. No Reino Português o sistema assistencial acompanhou a evolução do modelo europeu, estruturado nos valores do Cristianismo, em que couberam à comunidade as respostas para os problemas sociais. Com base na filosofia das Luzes, além de questões de cunho técnico-científico em busca do progresso econômico, ou com a garantia das fronteiras territoriais, nota-se após a transferência da Corte para o Brasil, e principalmente após a Independência, um despertar para a realidade social brasileira, em que ação do Estado na intervenção na questão assistencial esteve ligada não só à preocupação de que esse cuidado não caísse sobre si, mas também à política de manutenção da ordem tradicional. Pensando nisso, essa pesquisa procurou conhecer o comportamento do Estado monárquico constitucional brasileiro diante dos .socorros públicos. no momento da organização de suas bases jurídicas e administrativas. As principais fontes que a fundamentaram foram as Leis e Decisões de Governo do Império do Brasil de 1822 a 1834, cuja análise permitiu dimensionar as mudanças na concepção das obrigações do Estado e o discurso que ele próprio produzia de si, tornando explícita a estreita relação entre pobreza, desordem, trabalho e o desenvolvimento de uma moral, logo, a intimidade da questão da assistência com os interesses do Estado. / Abstract: Political and social realities are determining factors in the explanation of the predominance of certain charity and social assistance models. In the Portuguese Kingdom the social assistance system followed the evolution of the European model, based on Christian values, in which the community was in charge of responding to social problems. Based on the Enlightment philosophy, apart from technical scientific issues in search of economic progress or guarantees for territorial frontiers, after the transfer of the Royal Court to Brazil and especially after Independence, an awakening is observed as to Brazil.s social reality, in which State agency in social assistance issues was tied not only to the preoccupation that such care would not be devolved to the State itself but also to the policy of maintaining traditional order. With such in mind, this research seeks to reveal the behavior of the Brazilian Constitutional Monarchy as to public social aid at the moment of organizing her legal and administrative foundations. The main sources that grounded these were the Leis e Decisões de Governo do Império do Brasil de 1822 a 1834 (Laws and Decisions of the Government of the Empire of Brazil from 1822 to 1832), the analysis of which enabled dimensioning the changes in the conception of the State.s responsibilities and the discourse it produced on itself, revealing the tight relation between poverty, disorder, work and the development of a moral, therefore, between the intimacy of the social assistance issue and the concerns of the State. / Mestre

In the framework of the discussions produced after the fiftieth anniversary of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s publication of Truth and Method (1960) this paper intends to address two issues of Gadamer’shermeneutics. The first issue seeks to establish the articulating thread betweenTruth and Method, still attached to the debate with traditional hermeneutics, and some formulations of Gadamer’s later work, where the soul of hermeneutics” isdisplayed as art of listening to the other”. The second issue seeks to highlight the rehabilitation that Gadamer makes of the Socratic-Platonic eumeneîs élenchoi, an expression that he translates as the art of strengthening the discourse of theother”, whose explicitness in his later work has enabled many interpreters of his work to see a possible dialogue between his hermeneutics and some aspects ofthe philosophy of Donald Davidson. / En el marco de los debates producidos después de cumplirse el cincuentenario de la publicación de la obra de Hans-Georg Gadamer Verdad y método (1960) este trabajo se propone abordar dos asuntos de la propuesta hermenéutica del autor. El primero busca establecer el hilo articulador entre el discurso de la obra mencionada, todavía apegado a su debate con la hermenéutica tradicional, y algunas formulaciones de su obra tardía, donde el alma de la hermenéutica” se despliega como arte de escuchar al otro”. El segundo busca destacar la rehabilitación que Gadamer hace de la eumeneîs élenchoi socrático platónica. Expresión que se traduce como el arte de reforzar el discurso del otro”, cuya explicitación en su obra tardía ha posibilitado que muchos intérpretes de su obra vean un diálogo posible entre su hermenéutica y algunos aspectos de la filosofía de Donald Davidson.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo dessa pesquisa à analisar a experiÃncia de formaÃÃo, reestruturaÃÃo e desenvolvimento da Sociedade Beneficente do Pessoal da Estrada de Ferro de BaturitÃ, dando destaque para a aÃÃo dos trabalhadores ferroviÃrios na composiÃÃo dos benefÃcios oferecidos pela mutual. Essa experiÃncia revela que a Sociedade foi-se constituindo como um caminho de melhoria de vida para os trabalhadores, tendo a saÃde, a instruÃÃo e o acesso a emprÃstimos e a assistÃncia judiciÃria seus pontos de apoio. Os marcos cronolÃgicos do estudo sÃo balizados entre a criaÃÃo da Sociedade Beneficente em 1891 e os anos 1930, quando comeÃam a ser sentidos os efeitos da Lei Eloy Chaves, promulgada em 1923, que criou as Caixas de Aposentadorias e PensÃes, inaugurando a previdÃncia social promovida pelo Estado no Brasil. / The objective of this research is to analyze the experience of the formation, restructuration and development of the Baturiteâs Railroad Charity Society, pointing the action of railroad workers in the mutualâs benefit composition offered. This experience show us that the Society was constituting itself as a way of betterment of life for the workmen, having the health, education and the access to loans and judiciary assistance as their point of support. The study chronological landmarks are delimited between the creation of Charity Society in 1891 and the 1930âs, when start to be felt the effects of the Eloy Chaves Law, promulgated in 1923, that created the Account of Retirements and Pensions, inaugurating the social security promoted by the State in Brazil.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T15:10:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 virnaligiafernandesbraga.pdf: 4601313 bytes, checksum: 6088dd57d707779796ac8a12895edcb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T16:36:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 virnaligiafernandesbraga.pdf: 4601313 bytes, checksum: 6088dd57d707779796ac8a12895edcb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T16:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 virnaligiafernandesbraga.pdf: 4601313 bytes, checksum: 6088dd57d707779796ac8a12895edcb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-19 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A pesquisa tem início a partir dos impactos trazidos pela Lei do Ventre livre, de 1871, e vai até 1923. Esse recorte se deve às implicações trazidas por dois momentos cruciais para a assistência: a abolição gradual da escravidão e a criação das primeiras caixas de aposentadoria e pensões, por meio da Lei Elói Chaves que data de 1923. Além disso, é também de 1923 a circular do então Secretário do Interior, Fernando de Mello Vianna, que traz em anexo um questionário destinado a todas as instituições de assistência do estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de reunir informações detalhadas sobre os serviços assistenciais prestados. A tese foi dividida em três capítulos que procuram analisar como se deu a distribuição da assistência em Minas Gerais, em que medida houve a participação da sociedade, como o estado de Minas se posicionou em relação à questão social, quais os atores mais relevantes e, ainda, como se combinaram as iniciativas pública e privada para a consolidação do campo da assistência pública no estado. Em Minas Gerais a assistência pública foi de 1889 até 1923 um setor caracterizado como público, alocado na Secretaria do Interior, mas nascido e mantido pela sociedade, por meio de doações de todo o tipo aliadas a um sistema de subvenções que até hoje continua a auxiliar inúmeros hospitais e associações de socorro à pobreza. É deste modo que podemos compreender a gênese do que atualmente é a Previdência Social no estado de Minas Gerais: como um híbrido oriundo da caridade e da filantropia combinadas às iniciativas dos governos estadual e federal. / The research starts from the impacts brought by the Free Womb Law, 1871, and runs until 1923. This cut is due to the implications brought by two crucial moments for assistance: the gradual abolition of slavery and the creation of the first boxes retirement and pensions, through Law Eloi Chaves dating from 1923. In addition, it is also the 1923 circular of the then Secretary of the Interior, Fernando de Mello Vianna, which brings attached a questionnaire to all state care institutions Minas Gerais, in order to gather detailed information about the care services provided. The thesis was divided into three chapters that seek to analyze how was the distribution of assistance in Minas Gerais, to what extent was the participation of society, as the state of Minas positioned in relation to social issues, which are the most relevant actors and, yet, as combined public and private initiatives for the consolidation of the public assistance field in the state. In Minas Gerais public assistance was from 1889 until 1923 a featured and public sectors, allocated to the Secretary of the Interior, but born and maintained by society, through donations of all kinds combined with a system of subsidies that even today continues to assist numerous hospitals and poverty to help associations. This is how we can understand the genesis of what is currently the Social Security in the state of Minas Gerais as a hybrid derived from charity and philanthropy combined initiatives of the state and federal governments.

M.A. / The principle aim of the present study was to uncover the similarities and differences between the National Plan for Family Life (NPFL) and six state-funded programmes of social welfare organisations. A checklist was compiled from the NPFL on the basis of an explorative-descriptive research design with the following categories: "principles", "aim", "objectives", "the identified needs of families", "target groups" and "actions". The content of the said six state-funded programmes of social-welfare organisations were then analysed by means of the said checklist in order to uncover any possible similarities and differences. The latter checklist was also utilised as the framework for the dissemination of the findings and recommendations arrived at and made on account of the study. Of these thirty-five findings, the following deserve to be mentioned: • In the category entitled "principles", no correlation could be drawn, as not one of the programmes documented principles as their basis. • In the category entitled "aim", the concept "marriage and family life" only featured in two programmes, whilst no programme provided for the concept "optimum quality marriage and family life". • The strengthening of marriage and family life featured in the category entitled "objectives" especially as far as significance attribution, interpersonal relations and resilience to overcome adversity were concerned. Similarities in respect of the concept "strengthening" were only uncovered in one programme, whilst three programmes included facets of marriage and family life such as interpersonal relations. The NPFL takes cognisance of the effect and affect of inhuman and inhibitory circumstances in families' physical environment. Only one programme bore partial resemblance to this, thanks to a formulated objective aimed at the improvement of children's physical environment. The privileges, rights, responsibilities and joys associated with parenthood and family life are highlighted in the NPFL, whilst children's rights are only referred to in one programme and the honouring of these responsibilities is referred to in another. No programme, however, make any mention of the joys of parenthood and family life. Preparation for the various life phases in order to prevent dysfunctioning is emphasised in the NPFL, whilst none of the other programmes barring one allow for the word "preparation" in their objectives. The facilitation of therapeutic and supporting services, aimed at the handling of dysfunctions in family life, is emphasised in the NPFL; an aspect which all six programmes share. • The following sub-categories feature in the category entitled 9dentified needs" of the checklist: "marital relations", "family relations", "parent/child relations", "individual factors", "needs relating to the interface between family and community" and "value orientations". With the exception of the interface between family and community, as well as value orientations, a similarity was uncovered between all these sub-categories. • Strong similarities were found between the categories entitled "target groups" and "actions", as contained in the checklist of the NPFL and the six programmes.

Syftet med studien är att ge insikt i om och hur lokala kampanjer kan användas för att öka framgången hos större välgörenhetskampanjer. Metoden som använts för att undersöka detta är en serie av intervjuer med personer som besitter insikter i hur kampanjen gick till och mottogs. Teorierna som använts är teorier kring kampanjande, tvåstegshypotesen samt dagordningsteorin. Resultatet visar att tvåstegshypotesen följts i kampanjen och att det varit framgångsrikt. Genom att använda sig av passande budskap och kanal har kampanjen lyckats engagera fler personer än vid tidigare Musikhjälpen-kampanjer. Slutsatsen efter denna studie är att lokala kampanjer kan användas framgångsrikt i dessa typer av kampanjer i Sverige och att valet av budskap och kanal är viktigt för kampanjens framgång. Vid framtida studier vore det intressant att undersöka välgörenhetskampanjer där de använt sig av andra typer av budskap och kanaler. Det vore även intressant att undersöka tvåstegshypotesen vid kommersiella kampanjer samt att undersöka eventuella risker vid denna typen av kampanjer. / The purpose of this study is to examine if, and how local campaigns can be used to increase the success of a bigger charity campaign. The method used to study this is a series of interviews with people with insight in the campaign. For the study interviews have been conducted with both the targeted audience and with one of the creators and head figures of the local campaign. The theories used in the study are various theories about campaigning, the two step-flow of communication and the agenda-setting theory. The result shows that local campaigns can be used successfully in bigger campaigns. By using a channel and a message well suited for the cause the campaign managed to engage people in a way that earlier campaigns failed to. The conclusion of this study is that the two-step flow of communication still is relevant in these types of campaigns in Sweden. Through the two-step flow of communication the campaigns can reach and engage people in a way that a more direct strategy cannot achieve. Future studies could examine campaigns that have used a different message and channel to achieve its goals. The usage of the two-step flow of communication in commercial campaigns would also be interesting to study in order to see potential differences between campaigns for profit versus not for profit. Something that in the future can contribute to the studies around the two-step flow of communication and charity campaigns are the potential risks it brings for the organization regarding public relations.

Au XVIIe siècle, considérée comme la "royne de toutes les vertus", la charité incarna le triomphe des œuvres salutaires face au sola fide des protestants. Elle connut alors une riche iconographie, par la mise en scène des "Sept œuvres de Miséricorde" ou sous la forme d’une tendre allégorie de la maternité bienfaisante. L’unité apparente de ces images codifiées révèle, à l’analyse, une extraordinaire richesse d’interprétation car elles furent soumises en France à différentes adaptations, équivoques ou déviations sous l’influence des nouvelles exigences spirituelles et sous la pression de la montée en puissance de l’absolutisme. Ce travail tend ainsi à offrir un regard approfondi sur la représentation du bienfait envers les pauvres au "siècle des saints". Il propose une relecture des images polysémiques de la charité qu’elles soient d’essence religieuse, politique ou purement esthétique afin de discerner les messages dont elles furent investies et les glissements signifiants ou ambigus qu’elles exprimèrent, de la spiritualité la plus pure à la sensualité la plus troublante. / During the Seventeenth Century, charity was considered as the "queen of all virtues" and as a concept embodied, the triumph of good works in opposition to the protestant’s sola fide. The iconography of this virtue proliferated as a consequence and was not only represented by the "Seven works of mercy" but also allegorized as a breastfeeding maternal figure. When analyzed, the seemingly harmonious codified images reveal to be an extraordinary source of interpretation as they were subjected to various adaptations in France. Their ambiguous deviations were encouraged by the renewal of catholic spirituality and the rise of absolute power. This thesis aims to examine the iconography of charity towards the poor during this period which has been described as the “Century of Saints”. It propose to reread these polysemic images, whether they be religious, political or purely aesthetical to discern the messages which they were invested with and to distinguish the significant and equivocal shifts they expressed, from the purest spiritual sentiment to the most disturbing eroticism.

This thesis aims to outline the causes, symptoms, and treatments related to leprosy, and how it can be diagnosed in patients and identified in human remains. The thesis also aims to demonstrate the ways in which care for leprosy sufferers developed as the disease became more prevalent and more commonly, and correctly identified. It analyses the social stigmas inflicted upon sufferers, and the medical care and attention provided for them by religious institutions when other groups or organisations shunned those suffering from leprosy. The rationale for this study is to identify trends surrounding the social stigmas attached to leprosy and care from the first identifiable case of strain three of Mycobacterium leprae in the 1st century AD to the late Middle Ages when the number of cases of leprosy appears to begin to decline. Using archaeological evidence, historical records, and the published research of experts in the field, this thesis demonstrates that as leprosy spread throughout the Middle East and Europe, religious organisations often took on the role as care givers for leprosy sufferers through the ideal of religious, often Christian, charity; to look after the poor, sick, and needy. As the trends presented in this study have yet to be published elsewhere in this way, this thesis aims to contribute via an interdisciplinary approach to the fields of religious archaeology, anthropology and bioarchaeology.

This paper is part of broader research on social welfare, understood in its broadest sense as social security, education, and health care, which the state has taken over gradually from religions as it has established its authority and thereby the ontological and the teleological legitimacy of secularity as a pillar of modernity. The paper explores the Chinese Communist Party’s evolving attitude towards religious affairs and philanthropy. In many societies, secularity has been the response to the problems of individual freedom, inter-religious conflict, and social differentiation for the sake of efficiency and due to industrialization. In these societies, the state, and, subsequently, medical and educational establishments, gradually wrested social welfare management away from religious institutions. This process has advanced most in highly industrialized societies, and has taken different forms based on denominational differences, political alignments, and class coalitions.1 The process still faces contestation from conservative forces that would like to see religious associations take charge of a greater array of social services. This is particularly the case in the United States. In post-colonial societies,2 there has been considerable variation in the welfare state’s commitments and ideals. However, most new states have failed to match the achievements of the liberal, industrialized economies of North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Japan. Religious institutions have remained important providers of social welfare and have even become involved in development. This reality has received increasing recognition from international organizations, and there has also been significant progress in research on this subject.3

Abstract   Background:           The environment of the charity sector is changing. The overall sector of licensed charities in the Netherlands grew over the past couple of years, but this trend is not caused by a growth in contributors, as the numbers show a downwards slope. Besides that, research shows that the individual’s willingness to contribute to charity declines. Next to that, it is visible that the needs and wishes of contributors to charity change. This could possibly imply that individuals are willing to engage with charity, but in a different manner. Purpose:                  The way contributors contribute to charitable organisations is evident, but how and why individuals engage is a relatively unexplored area, as previous research mainly focused on the motivations rather than the dimensions of engagement. Therefore, the research purpose of this paper is to investigate the dimensions of engagement of Dutch individuals towards DCS, whilst it adds to the existing body of literature about contributor engagement in the charity sector. Method:                   The study revolved around a positivistic research philosophy, following a sequential mixed-method research design to gather the information and insights needed. A questionnaire was used to obtain the inputs of 333 unique respondents, which was followed up by 10 semi-structured in-depth interviews to enrich the findings. To analyse the data, various techniques, such as factor analysis, correlation and multiple regression, were executed to reveal statistically significant relationships and influences among the variables. Conclusion:             The results show that the five dimensions of volunteer engagement, namely behavioural, emotional, cognitive, spiritual and social, are also applicable when investigating contributor engagement. However, the study has shown that all dimensions apart from the spiritual one have a statistically significant influence on the contributor engagement of Dutch individuals towards DCS. Further findings and a more profound understanding of the motives of interviewees revealed that the deeper motivations to engage or not engage with DCS are in line with national trends visible within the charity sector. The outcomes could contribute to DCS’ and possibly other charitable organisations’ understanding of the altering needs and wishes of contributors and the Dutch society. More specifically, the findings can contribute to the existing knowledge of the dimensions of engagement and could be utilised for marketing purposes to focus on the right areas when developing future strategies.