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Work in the calling in Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesisSchindley, Wanda Beatrice Higbee 12 1900 (has links)
Objectives. Scholars have debated Max Weber's theory of the relationship between religion and capitalism for almost 100 years. Still, the debate is clouded by confusion over Weber's claims about religious doctrine and over the supporting evidence. The purpose of this study is to clarify Max Weber's claims regarding the concept of the calling and the related "anti-mammon" injunction and concept of "good works" and substantiate with historical evidence the religious doctrine Weber describes. Methods. Comparative analysis of early Protestant Lutheran and Calvinist documents from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was used to flesh out a history of ideas to determine whether evidence exists to support Weber's claims related to religious doctrine. Results. Historical analyses revealed that the concept of the calling pre-dated Luther in the Bible. Luther's innovation was not in his use of the word beruf but in his application of the concept of the calling to the common people and his teaching of that idea. The idea of sanctified work was key in both Lutheran and Calvinist documents. There was an increased emphasis on work and encouragement to accumulate wealth in Calvinist documents. Conclusion. Weber's etymological evidence surrounding Martin Luther's use of the word beruf in his German translation of the bible is idiosyncratic and not important to the transmission of the concept of the calling. Luther's application of the concept of the calling to the laity and idea of sanctified work, however, is the foundation on which the Protestant ethic rests, as Weber claims. Weber's other claims regarding the concept of work in early Protestantism are also supported here. Weber did not overstate the implications for societal transformation in early Protestant theology.
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A compreensão da consciência moral segundo Marciano Vidal GarciaAlmeida, Frank Antonio de 25 April 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-25 / The present thesis aims to reveal some conceptual aspects in the formation of
conscience mortal seen through the eyes of the moral theologian Marciano Vidal Garcia.
Undoubtedly these aspects are rooted in the itinerary of his personal and academic
life, as well we understand that the formation of conscience happens in life-history and
process of the individual academic. Therefore, this work speaks at beginning chapter on the
path of theological reflection and experiential conducted by the author. Surely his university
studies are relevant and his constant concern in dialogue with issues related to moral theology,
process in search of a better understanding of the moral conscience. His ongoing theological
dialogue with the authors Bernahrd Haring and Alphonsus Liguori was decisive in the
formation of their paradigm about moral conscience. The academic experience of Marciano
Vidal at various universities and their life experience showed in his writing new paradigms to
better understand the issue we reviewed.
In this path toward the understanding of moral conscience, we meet the elements:
Conscientiousness. Moral. Ethics. Moral crisis. Moral education. Christian Ethics / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo revelar alguns aspectos conceituais na
formação da consciência mortal vistos pela ótica do teólogo moralista Marciano Vidal
Garcia.
Sem dúvida estes aspectos têm raízes no itinerário de sua vida pessoal e acadêmica,
pois entendemos que a formação da consciência moral acontece no processo vital-histórico e
acadêmico do individuo. Por isso, este trabalho fala no capítulo inicial sobre o caminho de
reflexão teológica e vivencial realizado pelo autor. Sem dúvida são pertinentes seus estudos
universitários e sua permanente preocupação em dialogar com temas relacionados com a
Teologia Moral, processo em busca de uma melhor compreensão da consciência moral.
Seu permanente diálogo teológico com os autores Bernahrd Haring e Afonso Maria de
Ligório foi decisivo para a formação de seu paradigma sobre a consciência moral . A
experiência acadêmica de Marciano Vidal em diversas universidades e sua experiência de
vida mostraram em seus escritos novos paradigmas para melhor compreender o tema que
analisamos.
Neste percurso que caminha ao encontro da compreensão da consciência moral,
encontram-se os elementos: Consciência moral. Moral. Ética. Crise moral. Educação moral.
Ética Cristã
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Dogma en etos : die eenheid van die Bybelse leer en lewe as begronding vir die Christelike etiek in die moderne samelewingskonteks / deur D. SaaimanSaaiman, De Wet January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Valentinian ethics and paraenetic discourse : determining the social function of moral exhortation in Valentinian ChristianityTite, Philip L., 1969- January 2005 (has links)
This dissertation sets out to determine the social function of paraenesis ("moral exhortation") within Valentinian Christianity. In order to explicate this social function, this study places the discussion within the context of ancient rhetorical practices of ethical admonition; i.e., how did paraenetic discursive practices act as rhetorical devices for affecting social formation? In order to establish the function of paraenesis, it is necessary to engage both literary and social aspects of the paraenetic genre. The latter is most challenging, given the methodological difficulties inherent in moving from textual context to socio-historical reconstruction of the situation behind a text. To address this problem, a method is adapted from sociology (interactionism) and social psychology (positioning theory) in order to critically gauge the social idealization of the sources. Special attention is given to the paraenetic contours of the Gospel of Truth (NHC I,3) and the Interpretation of Knowledge (NHC XI,1). / This dissertation is structured into five chapters. The first chapter will frame the discussion within current developments in the study of Gnosticism, where there has been a growing appreciation for social and ethical aspects of the Nag Hammadi tractates. A delimitation of the source base for this study will also be offered. Chapter 2 will offer a comprehensive overview of scholarly discussions of paraenesis over the past century. A functional definition, with an attendant typology of paraenetic material will be offered in closing. Chapter 3 directly engages the literary aspects of paraenesis within Valentinianism, placing the discussion within the context of moral exhortation in the Greco-Roman world, and, more specifically, early Christianity. This chapter will establish the presence of paraenesis within the Valentinian sources. Chapter 4 will then address the social function of paraenesis in two examples of Valentinian paraenesis, highlighting the rhetorical and discursive voice of each text. The final chapter will summarize the findings of the dissertation and raise implications of this study for the field of early Christian studies.
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Dogma en etos : die eenheid van die Bybelse leer en lewe as begronding vir die Christelike etiek in die moderne samelewingskonteks / De Wet SaaimanSaaiman, De Wet January 2005 (has links)
Due to the fact that Scripture is the authoritative Word of God (Belgic Confession. Article 5),
the infallible written Word of God. is and stays the basis for Christian ethics. Scripture is not
just another single source for Christian ethics among other sources, but it is the decisive
source among all other sources. The question then arises - how is it possible in the ever-changing
life situation of the modem day context of society? In an ever increasing
secularized society places the Christian life and also the Christian ethics under more
pressure. The acceptance of the authority of Scripture is therefore indispensable for
Christian ethics. Scripture does however not present a text as an absolute answer for every
possible or similar ethical problem. The deep-seated principles of Scripture must be
exposed. From these principles norms should be derived that is applicable to the modem
problem.
The problem statement that follows from this culminates as the following: Can a thematic
analysis of the Biblical dogma present a fundamental working foundation for Christian ethics
in modem day society and serve as a corrective for the problematic approaches of a
biblicistic as well as an over critical view of Scripture for the basis of ethics? The central
theoretical argument of the study is the following: A thematic analysis of the Biblical dogma
can indeed present a fundamental, working foundation for Christian ethics in modem day
society and can serve as a corrective for the problematic approaches of a biblicistic as well
as an over critical view of Scripture for the basis of ethics.
In the second chapter the definitions of what could be defined as Christian ethical
perspectives and principles is examined. In other words, the purpose of the chapter is to
examine and to give a broad overview of the understanding of ethics, morality, morals etc.
The qualified deontological approach is chosen due to the fact that normative approach with
its focus on Scripture as authoritative therein plays a big role.
The third chapter focuses on which view of Scripture and use of Scripture is normally applied
in Reformed ethics in the use or interpretation of Scripture. Special attention is given to the
authority of Scripture, view of Scripture and an attempt is made to convey the hermeneutical
points of departure (axioms) in order to derive an intra-biblical use of Scripture. The chapter
comes to the conclusion that even though the Christian ethicist does have in theory at his
disposal a biblical-founded hermeneutical model it does not safeguard him against a faulty
use or interpretation of Scripture in practice in the fourth chapter the present-day Scriptural principles that serves as basis and
cadre for the interpretation of Scripture in light of the answering of Christian ethical questions
is examined. In light of the present-day situation seems that although there is a sound
hermeneutical axiom that serves as filters in the interpretation of Scripture in the reformed
ethics, in practice either a biblicistic or a Criticism of Scripture approach to Scripture is
chosen. The approaches of the fundamentalistic/biblicistic and Criticism of Scripture is
examined and m e s to the conclusion that both, in their own way, does bring the authority
and the message of Scripture in disrepute. In the event of the fundamentalistic and biblicistic
approach the divine inspiration character of Scripture is overemphasized and all Scriptural
Utterances is treated on the same level to such an instance that everything is sanctioned. In
the event of the Criticism of Scripture the human fallible character is again overemphasized
to the extent that the normative authority of Scripture for Christian ethics is not taken into
account . The chapter comes to the conclusion mat a "third way” must be examined to
circumvent the many pitfalls of either a fundamentalistic/biblicistic of Criticism of Scripture in
the interpretation of Scripture in light of a modem day ethical problem.
In the fifth chapter an adjudication and evaluation of the quality of the use or Interpretation of
Scripture in light of capital punishment within the biblical view of a right to life is given as a
representative of modem day ethical problems. In light of the principles given in Chapter 3
and 4 it is shown that Scripture is most often misused despite fair hermeneutical principles
Only to reflect the ethicist own preconceived ideas.
The last chapter indicates an approach that might possibly serve as an alternative/valid use
or interpretation of Scripture in reformed ethics other than a typical biblicistic/fundamentalistic
or Criticism of Scripture approach. The chapter draws to the conclusion that the contextual-paradigmatic
approach is at this time the only capable approach of acknowledging the proper
interpretation of Scripture to shed some light on the ethical problems of modem day society,
without stepping into the boundaries of either a biblicistic/fundamentalistic of Criticism of
Scripture interpretation of Scripture. The contextual-paradigmatic approach succeeds in
preventing the ethicist to misinterpret Biblical texts that seems to be of importance to the
debate of capital punishment and to make a scientific contribution lo important debates in
South Africa today, especially those related to the interpretation of the Bible and its use in the
development of South Africa. In this way an attempt is made to contribute towards and to
provide guidelines for a healthy and responsible society and for the functioning of Christians
within the current South African state. The message of the Bible must thus be established in
a responsible and valid way, and communicated effectively to society. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006
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Theologische Ethik als Verantwortungsethik : Leben und Werk Heinz Eduard Tödts in ökumenischer Perspektive /Schuhmacher, Wolfgang. January 2006 (has links)
Univ., Diss.--München, 2005.
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Suffering and Christianity : conversion and ethical change among the Newars of BhaktapurGibson, Ian January 2015 (has links)
This thesis argues that conversion to Christianity in the Nepali city of Bhaktapur is closely connected with ethical attitudes towards suffering in Bhaktapurian churches. This argument is situated within broader debates in the anthropology of Christianity. Anthropologists have debated the extent to which Christianity is a force for cultural discontinuity, and have often connected it with modernity and individualism. I contribute to these discussions by showing how distinctively Christian conceptions of suffering may promote cultural change by stimulating new understandings of selfhood and ethics. The first three chapters explore the social life of Bhaktapur's Hindu majority. I describe how the last fifty years have seen a process of cultural unsettlement in Bhaktapur; one aspect of this unsettlement has been a disruption of traditional norms of care and deference. It is in this context that the distinctive ethics of Christianity have proved attractive to some. Those who convert have typically experienced a significant episode of suffering, and have felt themselves to be failed by those around them. They find in churches a framework that emphasises the moral significance of inner experience (I call this 'inwardness') and addresses affliction more in terms of ethics than ritual. I describe these ethics in terms of 'care': they stress presence with the afflicted person, engagement with their experience, and appeal to God in prayer. After two chapters describing Christianity in Nepal and Bhaktapur in general terms, I devote four chapters to examining different categories of Bhaktapurian Christians: those who have experienced healing, women, leaders, and youth. I focus on four conversion narratives, and relate these narratives both to other ethnographic materials and to broader trends in Bhaktapurian and global Christianity. I highlight the significance of the values of inwardness and care, and of narrative itself, in the life-worlds of Bhaktapurian Christians.
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Jansenism, holy living and the Church of England : historical and comparative perspectives, c. 1640-1700Palmer, Thomas John January 2015 (has links)
This thesis examines the impact in mid- to later-seventeenth century England of the major contemporary religious controversy in France. The debates associated with this controversy, which revolved around the formal condemnation of a heresy popularly called Jansenism, involved fundamental questions about the doctrine of grace and moral theology, about the life of the Church and the conduct of individual Christians. In providing an analysis of the main themes of the controversy, and an account of instances of English interest, the thesis argues that English Protestant theologians in the process of working out their own views on basic theological questions recognised the relevance of the continental debates. It is further suggested that the theological arguments evolved by the French writers possess some value as a point of comparison for the developing views of English theologians. Where the Jansenists reasserted an Augustinian emphasis on the gratuity of salvation against Catholic theologians who over-valued the powers of human nature, the Anglican writers examined here, arguing against Protestant theologians who denied nature any moral potency, emphasised man's contribution to his own salvation. Both arguments have been seen to contain a corrosive individualism, the former through its preoccupation with the luminous experience of grace, the latter through its tendency to elide grace and moral virtue, and reduce Christianity to the voluntary ethical choices of individuals. These assessments, it is argued here, misrepresent the theologians in question. Nevertheless, their thought did encourage greater individualism and moral autonomy. For both groups, their opponents' theological premises were deficient to the extent that they vitiated morality; and in both cases their responses, centring on the transformation of the inner man by love, privileged the moral responsibility of the individual. Their moral 'rigorism', it is suggested, focusing on the affective experience of conversion, represented in both cases an attempt to provide a sound empirical basis for Christian faith and practice in the fragmented intellectual context of post-reformation Europe.
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The performance of hope : the social construction of self stories embedded in God-stories in the context of a short-term rehabilitation programme for addictionEngelbrecht, Gerhardus Johannes 05 1900 (has links)
The purpose of the research, which shaped the research question, was exploring the social construction of cultural stories of substance abuse and the difference that God-stories can make in these circumstances. The research is about the difference that the positioning of the self in the biblical and Christ-stories, the stories of faith, can make in the construction of self-stories in the context of substance abuse.
This study thus studied the social construction of self-stories embedded in God-stories in the context of a short-term rehabilitation programme for addiction. I had conversations with 12 participants in Ramot, a rehabilitation centre for alcohol and drug addiction in Parow, Cape Town in the year 2005. A narrative approach was followed, because it is particularly suited to exploring the interaction between stories of identity or self-stories, stories of faith or God-stories, and stories of the struggle with substance abuse. The concept of stories opens up issues and ideas that initially seem to be fixed „realities‟ to change, as alternative meanings can be applied and stories can be told differently in different contexts. This approach therefore correlates with people‟s lived experience. Stories as texts are constitutive of our worlds, but are open to re-visioning and editing. With regard to problematic stories, hope can thus be performed in telling stories differently (recognising different contexts) or in telling different stories (previously marginalised texts).
The main body of the research is a theoretical consideration of the way self-stories, God-stories and the stories of a struggle with substance abuse are socially constructed. Particular attention is paid to the way in which self-stories are socially constructed, because that is the basis for the narrative approach adopted in the research. This includes the postmodern, social constructionist and poststructuralist emphasis on the discursive positioning of the self, with the alternative positionings that this makes possible. Religion/spirituality are explored as part of the narrative resources or context that contribute to the social construction of self-stories. For a believer, this relationship with God through biblical stories informs other relationships and influences the construction of the person‟s self-stories.This research report therefore also reflects a critical interaction between the contemporary situation in respect of the struggle with substance abuse and the stories of the Christian tradition for the sake of improved praxis by the faith community. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th.
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The ethical implications of the concept of faith as freedom from society in the theology of John WesleyBosch, Louis Carl 06 1900 (has links)
This thesis is an analysis and examination of the concept of Faith as
understood, experienced, and held by John Wesley: Throughout this study, the
question, "Is this Faith possible" lingers, depicting the serious quest of heart and
mind to understand Wesley's theology and his empirical view of Faith, as found
in the eighteenth-century Revival in England and in Methodism. The problem
of the usage of Faith, and the confusion of Freedom, in the life of the "true
Christian" in Society, forms the basis of this discussion.
The concepts Faith, Freedom, and Society are each examined in this work:
The Spirit of the Age, as depicted by the thought of Kant the "transcendentalist"
in Europe; of Locke the English empiricist; and of Edwards the Calvinist in
America, give insight into the struggle in the pursuit of Freedom. These
difficulties are met by the unique ministry of Wesley, who would not compromise
man's "unalienable right" to be Free, especially in the light of "salvation by faith."
In this analysis and consideration I look at Wesley's concepts of Faith,
Freedom, and his understanding of Society, in the light of his theology and ethics,
as well as the milieu of the eighteenth century; the implications of these are
considered, taking note of, the influence and the impact of Wesley's ministry and
writings upon almost all of the eighteenth-century English population, as well as
the overflow of the same into the wider world.
What happened through his ministry stresses the truth that, what he knew
as Faith, was very different from the orthodox and traditional views. More than
ever, this needs to be understood today. Wesley's experience of Faith, in his
Freedom with regard to Society, is as relevant today as it was then. This thesis
sets out to clarify some of the problems: What Wesley had found, history
cannot deny. / Philosophy, Practical and Ststematic Theology / D. Th. (Theological Ethics)
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