For my PhD thesis I conducted qualitative field research in a Chinese Christian community in Germany for two and a half years. The research was to explore what functions are fulfilled when Chinese students in Germany convert to Christianity. This survey is therefore not considered to be a contribution to the investigation of the reasons for conversion; instead, the approach is a functional one. From this premise arises the assumption that conversion is only one creative coping strategy amongst many in dealing with problems which confront every person. From the observed strategies for solving problems used by the protagonists, conclusions about the corresponding problem areas could be drawn. In this way it was possible to extract the most important motives for conversion.

Cette thèse porte sur deux spectacles : la Luta de Mouros e Cristãos (Prado, Bahia, Brésil) et Auto de Floripes (Santo Antonio, Île de Principe, Sao Tomé e Principe). Basées sur une thématique commune – la représentation des combats entre Maures et Chrétiens – les manifestations analysées sont traitées à partir de leurs éléments constitutifs : aspects historiques, texte, costumes, musique, performance et scénographie. Les deux spectacles ont non seulement comme origine commune le récit intitulé Histoire de l'empereur Charlemagne et les douze pairs de France, mais encore une empreinte culturelle provenant de la colonisation portugaise. Auto de Floripes et la Luta de Mouros e Cristãos présentent donc des aspects similaires comme, par exemple, l'opposition du Bien et du Mal, localisée respectivement dans les groupes chrétiens (representés pour la couleur bleu) et maures (rouge), ainsi que des spécificités historiques et esthétiques communes. La principale méthode utilisée pour analyser les deux spectacles a été la recherche de terrain. Cette dernière est constituée d'entretiens, d'un travail d'observation et d'évaluation des performances respectives, de l'établissement d'un registre d'images, suivie par des recherches bibliographiques et l'analyse de l'ensemble du matériel récolté. Le résultat de cette recherche de thèse propose réflexions et idées autour des questions propres aux arts du spectacle, à la transmission, au maintien et à l'actualisation des traditions carolingiennes. Elle révèle encore un aspect fondamental des deux spectacles. Les récits populaires qui se sont développés autour de Charlemagne ont tout d'abord eu une grande popularité sous forme écrite et orale. Aujourd'hui, les spectacles étudiés constituent leur principal espace de mémoire, et au Brésil et à Sao Tomé et Principe. / This thesis investigates two spectacles: “Luta de Mouros e Cristãos” (Prado, Bahia, Brazil) and “Auto de Floripes” (Santo António, Príncipe Island, São Tomé and Príncipe, Africa). Starting from a common theme – the representation of the battles between Moors and Christians – the analyses were most focused on elements of the plays such as history, text, costume, music, performance and scenography. As having the same origin, that is, the book entitled “History of the Emperor Charlesmagne and the Twelve Peers of France” as well as the cultural mark of the Portuguese colonization, both the “Auto de Floripes” and the “Luta de Mouros e Cristãos” present some similarities, for instance, the representation of the Good in opposition to the Evil, as seen in Christians dressed in blue and the Moors in red, besides other historical and aesthetic peculiarities. Field research was the most important method in analyzing both performances, which included interviews, observation, appreciation of the mise en scène and recording of images, followed by bibliographical research and analysis of the collected material. As a result, the thesis presents evidences and reflections on the performing arts and the transmission, permanence and actualization of Carolingian traditions. Still, the research has revealed that, after a wide popularity in both oral and written forms, the mise en scène appears today as the major place of memory of Carolingian narratives, in Brazil as well as in São Tomé and Príncipe.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-09T19:21:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tamires Silva Pereira Prazeres.pdf: 910375 bytes, checksum: 982d55415ff4191b071ad2ff48020523 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T19:21:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tamires Silva Pereira Prazeres.pdf: 910375 bytes, checksum: 982d55415ff4191b071ad2ff48020523 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This search examines the religion in the conflict between Israel and Palestine, especially in the context of implementation of the State of Israel in 1948. The analysis takes as historical definition of conflict the period 1896-1948, when the inmigration of the first groups of Jews to the Palestinian territories. The initial question is how Jews and Muslims were related in the early years of inmigration to the creation of the State of Israel. The main issue to be clarified is how Western cultural building toward the Palestinians interfered in the conflict, especially with regard to the taking of the land and the construction of a new country within an existing, socially, religiously and culturally. Finally, the search asks about the effect of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians in the Protestant religious space, especially among conservative groups and fundamentalists of this branch of christianity. The research is fully literature and refers to postcolonial theories to discuss the history of the territory, with regard to the religious aspects of the conflict / O presente trabalho analisa o papel da religião no conflito entre Israel e Palestina, principalmente no contexto da implantação do Estado de Israel, em 1948. A análise toma como delimitação histórica do conflito o período de 1896 a 1948, quando ocorre a migração das primeiras levas de judeus para os territórios palestinos. A pergunta inicial é sobre como judeus e muçulmanos se relacionavam nos primeiros anos de imigração até a criação do Estado de Israel. O problema principal a ser esclarecido é como a construção cultural ocidental em relação aos palestinos interferiu no conflito, principalmente no que tange à tomada da terra e à construção de um novo país dentro de um já existente, socialmente, religiosamente e culturalmente. Finalmente a pesquisa pergunta pela repercussão do conflito entre israelenses e palestinos no campo religioso protestante, principalmente entre grupos conservadores e fundamentalistas deste ramo do cristianismo. A pesquisa é totalmente bibliográfica e toma como referência as teorias pós-coloniais para debater a história do território, no que se refere aos aspectos religiosos do conflito.

In Spain, in 1501 the conversion of Muslims to Christianity was thought possible, hence the decreed baptisms; by the end of the century metanoia was deemed impossible. Similarly, religious otherness was thought to be surmountable; yet, it ultimately became indelible or racialized. These construction processes helped to discursively justify the expulsions of Christians, baptized descendants of Muslims, in the years 1609-1614. The importance of language in these justifications was arrived at through the study of referential language in texts, and a trans-Atlantic comparative approach. The discursive (re)construction and (re)inscription of otherness were traced through a variety of sixteenth-century ecclesial texts. Before these communities came to be named the so-called “moriscos” there were important changes in meaning and usage of other phrases and terms, such as “new Christian” and “newly converted.” The referential language was still in transition throughout the century and the processes are easily hidden by the historiographical premature and (over)use of the term “morisco.” Moreover, the full transition toward the racialized term “morisco” occurred closer to the eighteenth century and mostly across the Atlantic. The justifications rely on these communities being non-Christian and non-Spanish: suspect and alien. “Morisco” is not often a good metonymy. The fact that “moriscos” discursively came to be considered non-Spanish and non-Christian did not mean that there was actual discernible or insurmountable otherness. Therefore, a level of difference in the peninsula was posited through the study of referential language related to Amerindians before and after baptism: especially given that Amerindians remained “indios” after baptism—an indication that difference could be overcome in the peninsula. Furthermore, an analysis of the Sistema de Castas where “morisco” was used revealed that the proliferation of categories on both sides of the Atlantic was to prevent these communities from ever reaching the status of old Christian or Spanish.

Bien des sources chrétiennes relayées par des études des XIX et XXe siècles considèrent la domination des Lusignan en Chypre comme la manifestation d’un double affrontement interconfessionnel. Les rois latins auraient fait de l’île un refuge face à l’expansion de l’Islam avant d’avilir les autochtones Grecs en s’appuyant sur des « réfugiés conquérants », à savoir les Francs et leurs alliés chrétiens orientaux chassés du Proche-Orient. Mais à l’aune de l’écheveau migratoire de la Méditerranée orientale, sauf à exagérer l’impact de l’affrontement entre croisade et jihad, l’ampleur et la nature des migrations affectant Chypre entre 1192 et 1473 ne permettent pas de caractériser l’île par la notion de refuge chrétien: dans la continuité de migrations pluriséculaires Chypre demeure une terre d’accueil façonnée par des dynamiques réticulaires souvent étrangères aux logiques de confrontations interconfessionnelles. Le rôle de Chypre comme île refuge se lit mieux dans sa dimension de conservatoire des nations, lequel s’affirme au même rythme que s’érige une identité chypriote. La reconnaissance officielle de la singularité de chaque communauté peut parfois hiérarchiser la société au profit des seulsLatins : elle n’en fonde pas moins une organisation insulaire consensuelle, car en revêtant un tour intercommunautaire le débat social et identitaire prémunit des dynamiques assimilatrices et favorise l’intégration progressive de tous les Chypriotes aux affaires du royaume. L’île s’impose alors comme un refuge des cultures où une hyper-identité chypriote coiffe autant d’hypo-identités que Chypre compte de nations, permettant à tous les Kypriotes de vivre ensemble sans se confondre. / Many christian sources relieved by studies of the XIX and XXth centuries consider the Lusignan rule over Cyprus as the expression of a double interconfessional confrontation. Latin kings would have turned the island into a refuge in front of the expansion of the Islam before degrading the Greek natives by leaning on “conquering refugees”, namely Franks and theireastern christian allies, forced to flee the Middle East. But compared with the migratory hank of the oriental Mediterranean Sea, unless overstating the impact of the confrontation between crusade and jihad, the scale and the nature of the migrations regarding Cyprus between 1192 and 1473 do not allow to characterize the island by the notion of christian refuge: in the continuity of plurisecular migrations Cyprus remains a land of welcome shaped by reticular dynamics often extraneous to interconfessional confrontations. The role of Cyprus as refuge island is clearer in its dimension of nations conservatory, which asserts itself with the same rhythm as sets up itself a Cypriot identity. The official recognition of the singularity of every community can sometimes organize into a hierarchy the society for the benefit of the Latins only ones: but it founds a consensual island organization, because by taking on an intercommunity turn, the social and identity debate protects against assimilatrices dynamics and favours the progressive integration of all the Cypriots into the kingdom’s affairs. The island then stands out as a refuge of the cultures where a chypriote hyper-identity heads up so manyhypo-identities as Cyprus boasts nations, allowing all Kypriotes to live together without becoming confused.

The subject of this thesis is the theology of the late 13th- early 14th century churchman 'Abdisho' bar Brikha. Better known by modern scholars for his poetry and canon law, he is far less recognised as a religious controversialist who composed works in Arabic as well as Syriac to answer Muslim criticisms. My overall argument contends that 'Abdisho''s hitherto neglected theological works are critical to our understanding of how anti-Muslim apologetics had by his time become central to his Church's articulation of a distinct Christian identity in a largely non-Christian environment. 'Abdisho' wrote his apologetic theology at a time when Christians experienced increasing hardship under the rule of the Mongol Ilkhans, who had officially converted to Islam in 1295. While the gradual hardening of attitudes towards Christians may well have informed 'Abdisho''s defensive stance, this thesis also demonstrates that his theology is built on a genre of apologetics that emerged as early as the mid-8th century. Our author compiles and systematises earlier debates and authorities from this tradition while updating them for a current authorship. In doing so, he contributes to the formation of a theological canon that would remain authoritative for centuries to come. My analysis of 'Abdisho''s oeuvre extends to three doctrinal themes: the Trinity, the Incarnation, and devotional practices (viz. the veneration of the Cross and the striking of the church clapper). I situate his discussion of these topics in a period when Syriac Christian scholarship was marked by a familiarity with Arabo-Islamic theological and philosophical models. While our author does not engage with these models as closely as his better-known Syriac Christian contemporary Bar Hebraeus (d. 1286), he nevertheless appeals to a literary and theological idiom common to both Muslims and Christians in order to convince his coreligionists of their faith's reasonableness against centuries-long polemical attacks.

Submitted by Raniere Barreto (raniere.barros@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T18:39:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dalvan_charbaje_colen.pdf: 1623212 bytes, checksum: ed8c1a89826cb5554b92169aa8f27739 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-04-20T13:21:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dalvan_charbaje_colen.pdf: 1623212 bytes, checksum: ed8c1a89826cb5554b92169aa8f27739 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T13:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dalvan_charbaje_colen.pdf: 1623212 bytes, checksum: ed8c1a89826cb5554b92169aa8f27739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Este trabalho se desenvolveu atrav?s de pesquisas e contribui??es com a tem?tica Inquisi??o e seus aspectos Inquisitoriais, na busca de abstrair a atua??o do Tribunal do Santo Of?cio em Vila Rica - Minas Gerais, seus desdobramentos e experi?ncias nas primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XVIII. Ter acesso a documentos prim?rios da Inquisi??o, no inicio da forma??o territorial de Vila Rica viabilizou compreender mais a realidade do Santo Of?cio, os seus interesses e como atuavam, tendo em vista o car?ter m?ltiplo de julgador, controlador e repressor, atuando aparentemente como ide?rio da manuten??o da f? Cat?lica. Assim, selecionou-se Vila Rica, por se tratar de uma das principais Vilas no per?odo colonial do Brasil. Logo, houve delimita??o do espa?o e tempo; vale relatar que o principal expoente Inquisitorial em Vila Rica eram os Crist?os-Novos (1711-1750). / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This work was developed through researches and contributions with the Inquisition and its Inquisitorial aspects, in the quest to abstract the actions of the Court of the Holy Office in Vila Rica - Minas Gerais, its developments and experiences in the first decades of the 18th century. Having access to primary documents of the Inquisition, at the beginning of the territorial formation of Vila Rica made it possible to understand more the reality of the Holy Office, its interests and how they acted, considering the multiple character of a judge, controller and repressor, apparently acting as maintenance of the Catholic faith. Thus, Vila Rica was selected because it is the main towns in the colonial period of Brazil. Therefore, there was delimitation of space and time; it is worth mentioning that the main Inquisitorial exponent in Vila Rica was the New-Christians (1711-1750).

This study has as purpose to verify the best possible strategies that can be used both in encounter and evangelization of Muslims in order to avoid persecution of Christians and destruction of their property in Africa, especially in Northern Nigeria. This Twenty first Century has witnessed numerous violent attacks against Christians which resulted in vandalization and looting of their property. Many lives of Christian men and women have been sacrificed amidst the violence. As a result, some Christians decided to flee the affected areas, abandoning in the process mission work to Muslims in order to safeguard their lives. This study proposes as research method the use of the pastoral cycle to arrive at these methods. From the study, it was discovered that several factors were responsible for the Islamic attacks against Christians in Northern Nigeria. Many negative effects had been noted as a result, mostly serious negative emotional scars left in the heart of the Christians believers and missionaries living and working in Northern Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, new approaches towards coexistence and especially for the evangelisation of the Muslims in Northern Nigeria, especially in view of reduced bloody encounters. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Submitted by Glauber Assunção Moreira (glauber.a.moreira@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T16:23:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Alexandra Gouvea Dumas.pdf: 17795135 bytes, checksum: cfc09a9858d44d97d9ba487359e94bf4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ednaide Gondim Magalhães (ednaide@ufba.br) on 2018-09-11T13:18:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Alexandra Gouvea Dumas.pdf: 17795135 bytes, checksum: cfc09a9858d44d97d9ba487359e94bf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T13:18:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Alexandra Gouvea Dumas.pdf: 17795135 bytes, checksum: cfc09a9858d44d97d9ba487359e94bf4 (MD5) / Esta tese investiga dois espetáculos: a Luta de Mouros e Cristãos (Prado, Bahia, Brasil) e o Auto de Floripes (Santo António, Ilha do Príncipe, São Tomé e Príncipe). Partindo de temática comum − a representação de combates entre mouros e cristãos− os folguedos analisados receberam uma atenção voltada para seus elementos como: história, texto, figurino, música, performance e cenografia. Tendo uma mesma origem, o livro a História do Imperador Carlos Magno e dos doze pares de França e, como marca cultural a colonização portuguesa, tanto o Auto de Floripes como a Luta de Mouros e Cristãos apresentam similaridades, a exemplo da oposição Bem X Mal localizada nos cristãos (representados pela cor azul) e nos mouros (vermelho), respectivamente, assim como particularidades históricas e estéticas. Para a realização da análise dos espetáculos, a pesquisa de campo foi o principal método empregado, com realização de entrevistas, observação, apreciação das encenações e registro de imagens, seguido de pesquisas bibliográficas e análise do material coletado. Como resultado, a tese apresenta constatações e reflexões acerca das artes do espetáculo, da transmissão, permanência e atualização das tradições carolíngias. A pesquisa revelou ainda que, após grande popularidade nos formatos escrito e oral, a encenação se constitui, hoje, como o principal espaço de memória das narrativas carolíngias, seja no Brasil ou em São Tomé e Príncipe. / Cette thèse porte sur deux spectacles : la Luta de Mouros e Cristãos (Prado, Bahia, Brésil) et Auto de Floripes (Santo Antonio, Île de Principe, Sao Tomé e Principe). Basées sur une thématique commune – la représentation des combats entre Maures et Chrétiens – les manifestations analysées sont traitées à partir de leurs éléments constitutifs : aspects historiques, texte, costumes, musique, performance et scénographie. Les deux spectacles ont non seulement comme origine commune le récit intitulé Histoire de l'empereur Charlemagne et les douze pairs de France, mais encore une empreinte culturelle provenant de la colonisation portugaise. Auto de Floripes et la Luta de Mouros e Cristãos présentent donc des aspects similaires comme, par exemple, l'opposition du Bien et du Mal, localisée respectivement dans les groupes chrétiens (representés pour la couleur bleu) et maures (rouge), ainsi que des spécificités historiques et esthétiques communes. La principale méthode utilisée pour analyser les deux spectacles a été la recherche de terrain. Cette dernière est constituée d'entretiens, d'un travail d'observation et d'évaluation des performances respectives, de l'établissement d'un registre d'images, suivie par des recherches bibliographiques et l'analyse de l'ensemble du matériel récolté. Le résultat de cette recherche de thèse propose réflexions et idées autour des questions propres aux arts du spectacle, à la transmission, au maintien et à l'actualisation des traditions carolingiennes. Elle révèle encore un aspect fondamental des deux spectacles. Les récits populaires qui se sont développés autour de Charlemagne ont tout d'abord eu une grande popularité sous forme écrite et orale. Aujourd'hui, les spectacles étudiés constituent leur principal espace de mémoire, et au Brésil et à Sao Tomé et Principe. / This thesis investigates two spectacles: ―Luta de Mouros e Cristãos‖ (Prado, Bahia, Brazil) and ―Auto de Floripes‖ (Santo António, Príncipe Island, São Tomé and Príncipe, Africa). Starting from a common theme – the representation of the battles between Moors and Christians – the analyses were most focused on elements of the plays such as history, text, costume, music, performance and scenography. As having the same origin, that is, the book entitled ―History of the Emperor Charlesmagne and the Twelve Peers of France‖ as well as the cultural mark of the Portuguese colonization, both the ―Auto de Floripes‖ and the ―Luta de Mouros e Cristãos‖ present some similarities, for instance, the representation of the Good in opposition to the Evil, as seen in Christians dressed in blue and the Moors in red, besides other historical and aesthetic peculiarities. Field research was the most important method in analyzing both performances, which included interviews, observation, appreciation of the mise en scène and recording of images, followed by bibliographical research and analysis of the collected material. As a result, the thesis presents evidences and reflections on the performing arts and the transmission, permanence and actualization of Carolingian traditions. Still, the research has revealed that, after a wide popularity in both oral and written forms, the mise en scène appears today as the major place of memory of Carolingian narratives, in Brazil as well as in São Tomé and Príncipe.

My thesis should combine all three specializations of my study, art education, civics and pedagogic. The objective of my work is creating an author{\crq}s book of Bible stories for children. The main idea is to approach Bible to atheists, or more precisely to unbelieving children. I entitled the theoretic part of the thesis Bible {--} What For? I explain there, why also an atheist should know Bible. I examine Bible from various points of view. I search the importance of Bible for different groups of people (believing, not believing, children, artists...), I think out the relation Bible {--} art, I write also about Bible in education. One chapter is about some sayings, names and other things, which come from Bible and we use them in common language. Also my personal experience with Bible has its place in my thesis. In the last chapter I describe the procedure of work on the practical part. In the practical part of the thesis I targeted the Old Testament. I retelled some stories from the Old Testament, so as they are suitable for children. Those stories I accompanied with a collection of ilustrations. They are made by lino {--} cutting. The collection contains 19 whole-page pictures, 5 half-page pictures, 3 little pictures and the book-jacket). I put my texts and ilustrations together to a book. The final design of the book is also a part of my thesis. I entitled this book of stories First Step to Bible.