Among the peptidyl prolyl isomerases, the Cyclophilin family of proteins has been linked to various cellular activities such as regulation of homeostasis, mitochondrial permeability, and cell death. Their functionality spans throughout the cell and throughout all cell types as different isoforms. Previous studies done on Cyclophilin A revealed an interesting contact ensemble when bound to a substrate. Because of the similarity of CypA to its homologues, it is believed that they too will exhibit the same contact dynamics. We have defined the dynamics of cyclophilin isoforms through Molecular Dynamics simulations and determined their contact dynamics, characterizing their contact ensembles, and their relative dynamical conservation to each other.

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Orientador: Leonardo Lemos de Souza / Resumo: Esta dissertação é um convite ao embarque em uma pesquisa/viagem cartográfica que narra sobre vida e resistência Trans* não-bináriE em contextos universitários. Somaram a essa pesquisa três narrativas de jovens interioranos que se identificam enquanto pessoas Trans* não-bináriEs e ecoam suas vozes e resistências em diferentes Instituições de Ensino Superior, sendo duas delas localizadas em cidades do interior do estado do Paraná e a terceira localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. A experiência cartográfica deu-se por do meio do deslocamento deste pesquisador ao território de composição, onde se efetivaram os encontros, as entrevistas e o acompanhamento das processualidades que se desenham no cotidiano das universidades. Por meio do dispositivo viagem – nomeado no percurso da construção desse mapa/dissertação, enquanto um modo cartográfico de produzir conhecimento/experiência –, conectamos-nos a Estrela, Lua e Céu que conosco embarcaram e compartilharam parte das bagagens que trazem em seus corpos/experimentação. No desemaranhar das linhas que atravessam essa experiência nos aliamos às inquietações da Filosofia da Diferença, Estudos Feministas, perspectivas Queers e Transfeministas, bem como pela própria Cartografia, com vista a buscar pelas seguintes pistas: mapear os agenciamentos que atravessam as experimentações das pessoas Trans* não-bináriEs em contexto de Instituições de Ensino Superior, bem como acompanhar os movimentos de desterritorialização e reterritorializ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This dissetation is na invitation to embark on a cartographic research/trip that tells about nonbinary Trans* life and resistance in university contexts. Added to this research three narratives of interior youth who identify themselves as non-binary Trans* people and echo their voices and resistances in different Higher Education Institutions, two of them located in cities in the interior of the state of Paraná and the third inland from the state of São Paulo. The cartographic experience occurred through the displacement of this researcher to the territory of composition, where the meetings, interviews and follow-up of the proceduralities that take place in the daily life of the universities took place. Through the travel device - named in the course of the construction of this map/dissertation, as a cartographic way of producing knowledge/experience - we connect the Star, Moon and Sky that embarked with us and shared part of the luggage that they bring in their bodies/experimentation. In unraveling the lines that run through this experience, we are allied with the concerns of the Philosophy of Difference, Feminist Studies, Queers and Transfeminist perspectives, as well as Cartography itself, in order to search for the following clues: map the agencies that cross the experiences of Trans* people non-binaries in the context of Higher Education Institutions, as well as accompanying the deterritorialization and reterritorialization movements provoked by els with, to and at the u... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The diploma thesis deals with the research of CIS sensors, their parameters and market research. It contains a comparison between sensors and line cameras, which are used for similar purposes, therefore in this case for scanning the packaging material. The diploma thesis contains the described construction of the device, including the assembly of components and the design of boards. The work describes in detail the image processing from the CIS sensor and various image preprocessing. There is also described method of defect detection, including their distribution and individual approach to each type of defect. The thesis contains a description of the GUI, including its functions and connection to the application dealing with image processing.

Streptomyces are medically important soil-living bacteria that undergo morphological changes from spores to aerial hyphae and are important producers of bioactive compounds including antibiotics. Their gene expression is tightly regulated at the early level of transcription and translation. In the transcriptional control, sigma factors play a central role; the model organism Streptomyces coelicolor possesses astonishing 65 sigma factors. The expression of sigma factors themselves is controlled on the post-transcriptional level through the action of sRNAs that modify their mRNA level. However, only several sigma factors in Streptomyces have known regulons and also their sRNAs-mediated regulation has not been studied so far. According to previously measured gene expression data, we selected several highly expressed sigma factors. Using mutant strains with HA-tagged sigma factors, regulons of two important sigma factors, SigQ and HrdB, were analyzed by ChIP-seq procedure. Other sigma factors were further studied to see if they possess asRNAs, using 5' and 3' RACE method and northern blotting. Our data confirm the essentiality of HrdB sigma factor during the vegetative phase of growth. The other sigma factor, SigQ, has been revealed to be an important regulator of nitrogen metabolism and osmotic...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aliny pereira.pdf: 3649782 bytes, checksum: 3c890c86afafa7051e9fcb35ec9cd8b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-29 / Current inorganic drugs such cisplatin and related compounds widely used in the treatment cancer, however its application is limited by its severe toxicity and drug resistence. These limitations have prompted a search for news metal-based antitumor agents. Ruthenium (III) complexes represent a new family of promising metal-based anticancer drugs. In the present study, was investigated in vitro the effects of the compound on cell viability, cintetics cell cycle phases, mechanisms of apoptosis and DNA damage on tumors cells. Results of the viability using MTT reduction test and the trypan blue exclusion assay on K-562 cells revealed that this compound significantly reduced the viability of the K-562 tumors cells (IC50 approximately 10.74 and 73.45 μM), respectively, moreover viability assays on A549 lung tumor cells showed that cis-(dichloro)tetrammineruthenium(III) induced effect moderate this cell lines (IC50 > 383 μM). Additionally was observed that this compound exhibits little cytotoxicity towards MRC-5 normal human fibroblast cells (IC50 > 383 μM) when compared to K562 tumor cell line (IC50 10.74 μM). Clonogenic Assay was performed on A549 cells, and observed that lower concentrations (0.38 and 3.8 μM) cis-(dichloro)tetrammineruthenium(III) diminished colony forming ability and highest concentrations (95 and 383 μM) no colony was observed. In cell cycle analysis on K-562 and S180 tumor cells cistetrammineruthenium( III) induced change in the distribution the cell cycle phase since that % of cells entering G1, S and G2 was decreased, correlating with increase in the proportion of cells in the sub-G1-peak (indicating apoptosis). In the analysis of damage to the DNA molecule of S180 cells using the comet assay, it was observed that the ruthenium compound induced damage to the DNA molecule to both treatments (24 and 48 h) as evidenced by an increase in damage index. In addition, cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl treatment induced apoptosis in cells K-562 as evidenced for increased DNA content in the sub-G1 peak (75.35%) and a significant increase in caspase-3, 8 and 9 activity. In tumor cells S180 the apoptosis was demonstrated for by a increase numbers of Annexin V-positive cells and fragmentation DNA. Taken together, these findings strongly demonstrate that cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl exerts antitumor activity and this activity correlates with DNA damage, process apoptotic and change cell cycle. / Atualmente drogas inorgânicas como cisplatina e compostos relacionados são amplamente utilizados no tratamento do câncer, no entanto a aplicação destas drogas é limitada devido a severa toxicidade e resistência. Estas limitações têm promovido o desenvolvimento de novos agentes antitumorais baseados em metais que sejam mais eficazes. Dentre os vários complexos a base de metais desenvolvidos, complexos de rutênio (III) representam uma nova família de promissores agentes anticâncer. No presente estudo foi investigado in vitro o efeito do composto cis-tetraaminodiclororutênio(III) sobre a viabilidade celular, cinética das fases do ciclo celular, mecanismos de indução de apoptose e danos a molécula de DNA. Os resultados de viabilidade celular utilizando os ensaios de redução do MTT e azul de tripano sobre células leucêmicas K-562 demonstrou que o composto reduziu significativamente a viabilidade celular (IC50 aproximadamente 10.74 e 73.45 μM), respectivamente, por outro lado, a viabilidade celular de células tumorais de pulmão A549 foi pouco afetada após tratamento com cis-tetraaminodiclororutênio(III) (IC50 > 383 μM). Adicionalmente, foi observado que cis-tetraaminodiclororutênio(III) exibiu uma moderada citotoxicidade sobre células normais de fibroblasto humano MRC-5 (IC50 > 383 μM) quando comparado a linhagem tumoral K-562 (10.74 e 73.45 μM) O ensaio clonogênico foi realizado em células tumorais A549, e por meio dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que em baixas concentrações do composto (0,38 e 3,8 μM) houve a diminuição na capacidade das células de formarem colônias e em concentrações elevadas 95 e 383 μM não houve a formação de nenhuma colônia. Na análise do ciclo celular de células tumorais K-562 e S-180, cistetraaminodiclororutênio( III) alterou a distribuição das fases do ciclo celular de ambas as células, visto que a porcentagem de células nas fases G1, S e G2 diminuiu, o qual correlacionou com uma aumento do número de células em sub- G1 (indicativo de apoptose). Na análise de danos a molécula de DNA de células S180 utilizando o ensaio cometa, pôde-se observar que o composto induziu danos à molécula de DNA para ambos os tratamentos (24 e 48 h) como evidenciado por um aumento do índice de dano. Além disto, o tratamento com cistetraaminodiclororutênio( III) levou a indução de apoptose nas células S180 como evidenciado pelo aumento no número de células Anexina positiva. Em células K562 a indução de apoptose após tratamento com o composto foi demonstrado pelo aumento no conteúdo de DNA em picos sub-G1 (75,35%) e um aumento na atividade de caspase 3, 8 e 9. Estes dados em conjunto demonstraram que o composto cis-tetraaminodiclororutênio(III) apresentou efeito citotóxico frente as linhagens testadas e esta atividade está correlacionada com danos à molécula de DNA, alterações nas fases do ciclo celular e indução de apoptose.

L'épissage des ARN pré-messagers est une étape essentielle pour l'expression des gènes chez les eucaryotes supérieurs. La reconnaissance des exons par la machinerie d'épissage est réalisée grâce à différents éléments cis-régulateurs incluant les séquences consensus d'épissage et les séquences auxiliaires activatrices ou inhibitrices d'épissage. Le pré-ARNm représente une nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour le traitement des maladies génétiques. L'approche du saut d'exon thérapeutique, destinée à restaurer l'expression d'une protéine totalement ou partiellement fonctionnelle en interférant avec le processus d'épissage, suscite un grand intérêt notamment pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne où la modification du transcrit permettrait d'obtenir une forme modérée de la maladie, la Dystrophie musculaire de Becker. Des oligonucléotides antisens sont utilisés pour masquer les signaux d'épissage de reconnaissance d'un exon par le spliceosome, et induire son excision (ou saut) du transcrit mature. La détermination de la meilleure séquence cible des AONs est une difficulté majeure de cette approche. Pour le gène DMD, nous avons pu établir grâce à des analyses bioinformatiques et statistiques combinées avec des tests fonctionnels utilisant des minigènes rapporteurs d'épissage, que le ciblage de motifs exoniques qui fixent le facteur d'épissage SF2/ASF permettait d'obtenir la meilleure efficacité des AONs. Par ailleurs, nous avons exploré la régulation de l'épissage des pseudoexons dans le gène DMD, et notamment les mécanismes conduisant à l'inclusion de ces séquences introniques dans le transcrit mature en condition pathologique. L'étude de deux cas exceptionnels d'activation de pseudoexons associée à des remaniements introniques rares (double délétion, inversion) élargit le spectre des mutations à l'origine de ces défauts d'épissage, et illustre le rôle encore mal connu des remaniements introniques en pathologie humaine. / Splicing of pre-messenger RNAs to mature transcripts is a crucial step in eukaryotic gene expression. The recognition of exon by the splicing machinery involves different cis-regulatory elements, including the splice site motifs and auxiliary sequences, which can act by stimulating or repressing splicing. The pre-mRNA represents a new therapeutic target for the treatment of genetic diseases. Notably, the exon skipping strategy is currently one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It intends to restore the expression of a partially functional protein by interfering with the splicing process, and converts the severe DMD phenotype into the moderate form of the disease, Becker muscular Dystrophy (BMD). Antisense oligonucleotides are used to mask the splicing signals involved in exon recognition by the spliceosome to induce its skipping from the mature transcript and restore an open reading frame. The determination of the best target sequence of the AONs is one of the major hurdles to overcome. For the DMD gene, a bioinformatic and statistical analysis combined with minigenes studies allowed us to establish that targeting binding sites for the splicing factor SF2/ASF maximizes the AONs efficiency. In a second part of this work, we investigated the splicing regulation of pseudoexons in the DMD gene, in particular the mechanisms leading to the inclusion of these intronic sequences in the mature transcript in pathological conditions. The study of two exceptional cases of pseudoexons activation associated with rare intronic rearrangements (double-deletions, inversion) expands the spectrum of missplicing mutations, and demonstrates the potential role of pure intronic rearrangements in human pathology.

This thesis is written with the intent to draw attention towards two of the gendernorms that affects us all while living in today’s society. By looking closer to the books, songs and stories children have access to and by both observing and interviewing teachers, I try to raise the knowledge of how the heteronorm and cisnorm are being challenged in the two preschools participating in this thesis. Both preschools are located in Sweden and the two persons I have interviewed are both preschoolteachers. I analyze the result of my research from a perspective that criticizes societal norms and has roots in both French post structuralism and queer theory. I also put my result in comparison to previous studies done by other researchers. My result shows that most of the books, songs and stories that children have access to in preschool are cisnormative and heteronormative and one of the teachers I have interviewed say that they don’t have enough knowledge about norms while the other teacher says that they have gotten enough knowledge about norms through in-service training. This thesis verifies, through my presentations of previous research and my own research, that our society is steeped in these two norms.

Le contrôle combinatoire de l’ expression des gènes est une caractéristique importante du profil spatio-temporel de l'accumulation des flavonoïdes chez les plantes. Des résultats précédents avaient démontré chez Arabidopsis thaliana, que la régulation de l’accumulation des anthocyanes et des proanthocyanidines repose sur l'activité de facteurs de régulation de la transcription de type R2R3-MYB et bHLH qui forment des complexes ternaires ("MBW") avec la protéine TTG1 (WDR). L'objectif de la thèse était de caractériser les complexes MBW impliqués et leurs cibles, pour avoir une compréhension globale des mécanismes transcriptionnels qui contrôlent la biosynthèse des flavonoïdes.En utilisant différentes approches génétiques et moléculaires, nous avons montré que seuls les gènes « tardifs » (c’est à dire DFR, LDOX, BAN, TT19, TT12 et AHA10) sont des cibles directes des complexes MBW. Bien que le complexe de régulation impliquant les protéines TT2-TT8-TTG1 ait un rôle majeur dans la régulation de ces gènes structuraux dans la graine d’Arabidopsis, trois autres complexes contenant MYB5, GL3 ou EGL3 sont également impliqués de façon tissu-spécifique. Comme l’expression du gène TT8 joue un rôle clef dans ces régulations, une dissection fonctionnelle de son promoteur a été entreprise. Elle a montré la nature modulaire de ce promoteur avec deux domaines impliqués dans l’expression tissu-spécifique et un troisième dans la force du promoteur. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent également l’existence d’autres régulateurs qui restent à caractériser. Enfin, nous avons développé une nouvelle technique de caractérisation des interactions entre les facteurs de transcription et les promoteurs, basée sur l’expression transitoire dans des protoplastes de mousse (i.e. Physcomitrella patens). Nous avons ainsi pu identifier les éléments cis des promoteurs impliqués dans la régulation de l’expression de TT8 et de chacun des promoteurs cibles des complexes MBW.L’ensemble de ces travaux permet de fournir un modèle plus complet du réseau de régulations transcriptionnelles qui contrôle la biosynthèse des proanthocyanidines et des anthocyanes, ainsi que des outils et de nouvelles pistes pour poursuivre ces études chez Arabidopsis et d’autres plantes. / The combinatorial control of gene expression is a key feature of the spatio-temporal pattern of flavonoid accumulation in plants. Previous results have shown that the regulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs or tannins) pigmentation relies on the transcriptional activity of R2R3-MYB and bHLH proteins that form “MBW” ternary complexes with TTG1 (WD-Repeats), in Arabidopsis thaliana. The purpose of the thesis was to figure out the nature and spatio-temporal activity of these MBW complexes and to identify their direct targets, which were essential steps toward a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that control flavonoid biosynthesis. Using different molecular and genetic approaches this thesis has demonstrated that only late biosynthetic genes (namely DFR, LDOX, BAN, TT19, TT12 and AHA10) are direct targets of the MBW complexes. Interestingly, although the TT2-TT8-TTG1 complex was shown to play the major role in regulating the expression of these structural genes in developing seeds, three additional MBW complexes that contain MYB5, GL3 or EGL3 are also involved, in a tissue-specific manner. Because the expression of TT8 is largely involved in these regulations, a functional dissection of its promoter was carried out. Two modules drive the tissue-specific activity of the TT8 promoter in PA- and anthocyanin-accumulating cells, and a third module is responsible for the strength of the promoter. Interestingly, this regulation involves at least six different MBW complexes. Our results also suggest that some putative new regulators remain to be discovered. Last, use of a newly developed fast and sensitive transient expression system that relies on protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens has allowed the identification of both, specific cis-regulatory elements through which TT8 expression is regulated and the minimal promoter for each of the genes that are targeted by the MBW complexes.Altogether, by answering fundamental questions and by demonstrating or invalidating previously made hypotheses, we have provided a new and comprehensive view of the regulatory mechanisms controlling PA and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, as well as new clues and tools for further investigation of this pathway in Arabidopsis and other plant species.

3 ABSTRACT Complexes [Rh(cycloolefin)(acac)] (cycloolefin = norborna-2,5-diene, cycloocta- 1,5-diene and cyclooctatetraene) were investigated as catalysts of polymerization of monosubstituted acetylenes into stereoregular cis-transoid polyacetylenes. All complexes were highly active in arylacetylenes polymerizations in both coordinating and non-coordinating solvents. Selection of solvent and cycloolefin ligand of the catalyst allowed the control over polymer MW. The onset of initiation in the [Rh(cycloolefin)(acac)]/monomer systems proceeded as the proton transfer from the monomer molecule to the acac ligand under the release of acetylacetone and coordination of -C≡CR ligand to Rh(cycloolefin) moiety. Cis-transoid poly(phenylacetylene) and poly[(2,4-difluorophenyl)acetylene]s with required initial MW were prepared with these catalysts and submitted to the long-term ageing in which the polymers were exposed to the atmosphere and diffuse daylight either dissolved in tetrahydrofuran or in the solid state. Tightly connected processes of cis-to-trans isomerization of the polymer main-chains double bonds and oxidative degradation were found to proceed during polymers ageing in the solution. Besides, the formation of corresponding cyclotrimers accompanied the polymers ageing. However, the cyclotrimers amount was...