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La hiérarchisation de la puissance injectée par des sources acoustiques dans une cavité d'avion telle qu'un cockpit, en vol, revêt un caractère majeur dans le but d'en réduire le bruit intérieur. Afin de répondre à ce besoin, la nécessité de considérer la cavité dans son ensemble à l'aide d'une méthode globale se révèle importante. Au cours de cette thèse, une méthode d'identification basée sur une méthode énergétique locale, appelée MES pour Méthode Energétique Simplifiée, est utilisée. En connaissant la géométrie de la cavité, ainsi que l'absorption des matériaux qui la composent, elle permet de déterminer la puissance rayonnée par les différentes sources acoustiques à l'intérieur de la cavité, à l'aide de mesures d'intensité tridimensionnelle, et de densité d'énergie acoustique totale. Afin de tester la méthode dans un cas réel, mesurer ces quantités énergétiques s'avère alors nécessaire. Une sonde acoustique est donc conçue, fabriquée, testée et enfin validée. Basée sur quatre mesures de pressions réalisées autour d'une sphère rigide à l'aide de microphones électrostatiques déportés, elle permet de mesurer la pression et le vecteur vitesse particulaire au centre de la sphère, et d'en déduire alors l'intensité 3D et la densité d'énergie totale. Un démonstrateur est ensuite construit pour réaliser des essais. Il s'agit d'une maquette de cockpit basée sur celui de l'A380. Différents essais acoustiques et vibro-acoustiques permettent alors de démontrer la capacité de l'association formée par la méthode d'identification et la sonde à déterminer la puissance injectée par les différentes sources dans des conditions acoustiques plus ou moins sévères, avec une précision de l'ordre de 2dB. Le post-traitement à l'aide de la MES des flux acoustiques rayonnés ainsi déterminés permet également de reconstruire le champ acoustique dans la cavité, ainsi que de séparer les différentes contributions en des points d'intérêt tels que les têtes pilote et copilote. / Organizing into a hierarchy the power injected by acoustic sources inside an aircraft cavity such as a cockpit, in flight conditions, appears as a crucial stage in orcier to reduce interior noise. To address this need, considering the whole cavity with a global method turns out to be essential. In this work, an identification method based on a local energy method called MES for Simplified Energy Method is used. With the cavity geometry and the absorption characteristics of the materials inside, the method is capable of retrieving the acoustic power radiated by the sources within the cavity from three dimensional intensity vector and energy density measurements. To assess the method in a real test case, measuring these previous energy quantities turns out to be necessary. Thus, an acoustic probe is designed, manufactured, tested and to finish validated. Based on four pressure measurements performed around a hard sphere with remote pre-amplified microphones, the multi-sensor probe is able to compute the pressure and the particle velocity vector at the center of the sphere, and then obtain the 3D intensity, and the total acoustic energy density. A cockpit mock-up based on the A380 cockpit geometry is manufactured to perform tests. Several acoustic and vibro-acoustic tests carried out in the mock-up show the capability of the association composed of the identification method and the probe to extract the acoustic power radiated by the sources, in more or less harsh acoustic conditions, with accuracy close to 2dB. Post-processing the computed injected power allows to reconstruct the acoustic field inside the cavity, and to separate the different sources contributions for sorne points of interest such as the pilot or copilot heads.

This thesis is analysing the historical evolution of flight instruments and aims at the design of a new, enhanced cockpit that includes basic flight instruments supplemented by data from selected aircraft subsystems. The design is based on currently available electronic instruments, known as EFIS, presently used onboard Boeing 737-800 cockpit. The proposed design aims at improvements to graphic style of EFIS, and accomodation of new data into newly designed displays. As a result of this effort, a set of design concepts is created. Those are then implemented as fully functional set of displays using custom made user interface system design tool.

No description available.

Esta dissertação tem um caráter profundamente exploratório, buscando estabelecer hipóteses consistentes sobre o processo de transferência do desenvolvimento de alguns produtos da montadora para seus fornecedores, avaliando o aproveitamento e o aprimoramento das capacidades da engenharia nacional, assim como fatores que facilitam ou dificultam este movimento. Compõe-se de duas partes interligadas e complementares: uma revisão teórica e um estudo de campo. Para estabelecer a base teórica da investigação, foram levantados diversos estudos, em particular sobre montadoras e sobre fornecedores, sendo a seguir definido o problema a ser estudado. Considerando a complexidade do problema da pesquisa, situado em um universo dinâmico, com entrelaçamentos que dificultam identificar o foco de forma isolada, foram definidas as hipóteses preliminares, definindo-se também a adequação da utilização de dois procedimentos empíricos principais. Um procedimento foi o levantamento de fontes documentais do setor, trabalhando com dados qualitativos e quantitativos, inclusive estatísticos. O outro procedimento foi o estudo de múltiplos casos; foram estudados os casos de duas sistemistas, sendo um referente aos sistemas de distribuição eletro-eletrônicos (\"chicotes\") e outro ao painel completo de veículos, sendo que ambos se desdobram, internamente, em subcasos. Apresenta-se como vem ocorrendo o desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automotiva, suas fases e desafios. São abordadas algumas práticas de desenvolvimento de produtos mundiais e o papel dos fornecedores. É tratado o desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automotiva brasileira, buscando compreender o do papel da engenharia dos fornecedores com presença local e suas relações, sempre que possível apresentando paralelos com a indústria global e suas dinâmicas de desenvolvimento. Os estudos de caso são utilizados para analisar algumas áreas em que os fornecedores locais têm competências e autonomia, do ponto de vista técnico, para proceder no desenvolvimento de novos produtos para as montadoras, tanto no Brasil como no exterior. São exploradas as relações entre as empresas, qual a participação da montadora, e quais razões têm favorecido, ou não, o papel local dos fornecedores. É apresentada também uma análise de diferenças e similaridades entre os casos. Os resultados levaram à reelaboração das hipóteses preliminares de forma mais consistente, e sinalizaram que, embora a utilização da engenharia nacional dos fornecedores venha aumentando, poderia ser melhor utilizada, dando ao Brasil um papel mais relevante frente a países de engenharia emergente. Contudo, os casos apontam que, ao contrário, essa competência da engenharia local tem sido utilizada fora do país, mas apenas pela presença de engenheiros brasileiros individualmente, levando seu potencial para desenvolver a engenharia de outros centros estrangeiros. / This master thesis is profoundly exploratory, in search of establishing consistent hypotheses on the transference of the product development process of some products from the OEMs to their suppliers, evaluating the good use and improvement of national engineering competencies, as well as factors which facilitate or difficult such a movement. It is composed by two interconnected and complementary parts: a theoretical revision and a field study. Aiming at to establish the theoretical basis to the investigation, a variety of studies has been gathered and studied, particularly those related to OEMs and suppliers, making then possible to define the problem to be studied. Considering the complexity of the problem, posed in a dynamic universe, presenting interconnections which difficult to isolate the focus of the research, preliminary hypotheses were proposed, also defining the use of two main empirical proceedings. One is the search for documental sources attached to the automotive sector, working with qualitative and quantitative data, including statistical information. The other is multiple-case studies, taking the cases of two systems suppliers, one related to the electricalelectronic distribution systems (wiring harness) and the other to vehicles cockpit panel; both of them are multiplied in sub-cases. It is presented how the product development in the automotive sector has been occurring, its phases and challenges. Some of the practices in the development of world products and the role of suppliers are also approached. The product development in the Brazilian automotive sector was also approached, aiming at bringing some contribution to the understanding of the role of the suppliers engineering that has local presence and their relations, also presenting possible parallels to the global industry and its dynamics of development. The case studies were directed to analyze some areas in which the local suppliers have competencies and autonomy, in technical terms, to proceed in developing new products to the OEMs, in Brazil and abroad. Then this study seeks to explore the relations among companies, what is the participation of the OEMs, and what reasons have favored, or not, the local role of the suppliers. An analysis of differences and similarities between the cases is presented as well. The results guided to the reelaboration of the preliminary hypotheses into more consistent ones. They also pointed out that, although the good use of national engineering has been improving, it might be better used in the development of products, promoting a better role for Brazil in face of countries with emergent engineering. However, the cases point out to the fact that the national engineering competencies have been more used by means of the presence of Brazilian engineers just alone as individuals, taking their potential to develop the engineering of other foreigner centers.

O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa terminologica/ terminograca bilngue Ingl^es/Portugu^es das unidades terminologicas dos Procedimentos Operacionais de Cabine, da area de Aviac~ao Comercial, e da subarea do Check-list. A partir da organizac~ao das unidades terminologicas em forma alfab etica construmos um dicionario terminologico dessa area. Para a concretizac~ao desse objetivo, selecionamos e escolhemos os contextos que descreveram o conteudo sem^antico-conceptual dos termos. Para a realizac~ao deste trabalho utilizamos os corpora documental e de par^ametro para a extrac~ao, selec~ao e denic~ao dos termos. A composic~ao do perl tematico da subarea do Check-list foi feita atraves da utilizac~ao de textos de carater denitorios e explicativos, porque apresentam esses uma densidade terminologica alta. A maioria das unidades terminologicas tratadas s~ao termos compostos que subsumem o princpio da transpar^encia, o princpio da adequac~ao e o princpio da produtividade. Todos os termos includos nesta pesquisa, para a constru c~ao do dicionario terminologico bilngue, apresentam a estrutura hierarquica do vocabularo do Check-list. / The objective of this study is to present the result of a bilingual English-Portuguese terminological/terminographical research, which describes the terminological units of the Cockpit Training Procedure related to the Business Aviation area, and to the Check-list subarea. A dictionary was done due to the organization of the terminological units in alphabetical sequence. To achieve this goal, we selected and chose the contexts that describe the semantic and conceptual content of all terms. To carry out this task, the documental and the parameter corpora were used to extract, select and to dene the terms. The setting of the thematic prole of the Checklist was done through the use of dening and explanatory texts as they present a great terminological density. The majority of terminological units used in this study were compound terms which subsume the principle of transpar^encia, the principle of appropriateness and, the principle of derivability. All the terms included in this research to build up the bilingual terminological dicitionary present a hierarchical structure of the Check-list vocabulary.

O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa terminologica/ terminograca bilngue Ingl^es/Portugu^es das unidades terminologicas dos Procedimentos Operacionais de Cabine, da area de Aviac~ao Comercial, e da subarea do Check-list. A partir da organizac~ao das unidades terminologicas em forma alfab etica construmos um dicionario terminologico dessa area. Para a concretizac~ao desse objetivo, selecionamos e escolhemos os contextos que descreveram o conteudo sem^antico-conceptual dos termos. Para a realizac~ao deste trabalho utilizamos os corpora documental e de par^ametro para a extrac~ao, selec~ao e denic~ao dos termos. A composic~ao do perl tematico da subarea do Check-list foi feita atraves da utilizac~ao de textos de carater denitorios e explicativos, porque apresentam esses uma densidade terminologica alta. A maioria das unidades terminologicas tratadas s~ao termos compostos que subsumem o princpio da transpar^encia, o princpio da adequac~ao e o princpio da produtividade. Todos os termos includos nesta pesquisa, para a constru c~ao do dicionario terminologico bilngue, apresentam a estrutura hierarquica do vocabularo do Check-list. / The objective of this study is to present the result of a bilingual English-Portuguese terminological/terminographical research, which describes the terminological units of the Cockpit Training Procedure related to the Business Aviation area, and to the Check-list subarea. A dictionary was done due to the organization of the terminological units in alphabetical sequence. To achieve this goal, we selected and chose the contexts that describe the semantic and conceptual content of all terms. To carry out this task, the documental and the parameter corpora were used to extract, select and to dene the terms. The setting of the thematic prole of the Checklist was done through the use of dening and explanatory texts as they present a great terminological density. The majority of terminological units used in this study were compound terms which subsume the principle of transpar^encia, the principle of appropriateness and, the principle of derivability. All the terms included in this research to build up the bilingual terminological dicitionary present a hierarchical structure of the Check-list vocabulary.

Work Domain Analysis (WDA) and task analysis are methods that can be used to develop complex systems that support human operators. Task analysis can be used to describe the nominal tasks of many complex safety critical systems which are also highly proceduralized. However, complex systems may require human operators to have a greater understanding of the system's dynamics than can be obtained from procedures derived from a task analysis. This is particularly true when off-nominal events occur, for which there is no procedure. By concentrating on the constraints in the work domain instead of tasks, work domain analysis can complement task analysis by supporting operators during off-nominal events that do not have any predescribed procedures. The goal of this study was to use WDA and two forms of task analysis to derive interface and procedure modifications for a new aviation concept called interval management. Interval management is a new concept whose goal is to increase runway throughput by enabling aircraft to achieve a precise interval behind a lead aircraft. This study used data from a human-in-the-loop study conducted at NASA Langley Research Center to develop a Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), Control Task Analysis (CTA), and WDA. The HTA was used to describe a nominal set or procedures, the CTA was used to describe strategies pilots could use to make decisions regarding the IM operation, and the WDA was used to determine representations and procedures that could convey complete and accurate knowledge of interval management to the flightcrew.

This thesis presents structural analysis of a cockpit of a jet trainer type aircraft and the correlation studies performed by using ground pressurisation test results. For this purpose, first the response of the complex integrated fuselage structure is investigated under the complex type cabin pressure load. Then, cockpit part of the fuselage structure is modelled using commercial finite element software MSC/PATRAN&reg / and MSC/NASTRAN&reg / . The finite element model (FEM) of the cockpit structure is improved by the examination of the ground pressurisation test data and is finalised after achieving a good correlation between the finite element analysis (FEA) and the test results. This final form of the FEM of the cockpit structure serving as a benchmark is proved to be reliable for any future modifications.

abstract: From 2001-2011, the General Aviation (GA) fatal accident rate remained unchanged (Duquette & Dorr, 2014) with an overall stagnant accident rate between 2004 and 2013. The leading cause, loss of control in flight (NTSB, 2015b & 2015c) due to pilot inability to recognize approach to stall/spin conditions (NTSB, 2015b & 2016b). In 2013, there were 1,224 GA accidents in the U.S., accounting for 94% of all U.S. aviation accidents and 90% of all U.S. aviation fatalities that year (NTSB, 2015c). Aviation entails multiple challenges for pilots related to task management, procedural errors, perceptual distortions, and cognitive discrepancies. While machine errors in airplanes have continued to decrease over the years, human error still has not (NTSB, 2013). A preliminary analysis of a PC-based, Garmin G1000 flight deck was conducted with 3 professional pilots. Analyses revealed increased task load, opportunities for distraction, confusing perceptual ques, and hindered cognitive performance. Complex usage problems were deeply ingrained in the functionality of the system, forcing pilots to use fallible work arounds, add unnecessary steps, and memorize knob turns or button pushes. Modern computing now has the potential to free GA cockpit designs from knobs, soft keys, or limited display options. Dynamic digital displays might include changes in instrumentation or menu structuring depending on the phase of flight. Airspeed indicators could increase in size to become more salient during landing, simultaneously highlighting pitch angle on Attitude Indicators and automatically decluttering unnecessary information for landing. Likewise, Angle-of-Attack indicators demonstrate a great safety and performance advantage for pilots (Duquette & Dorr, 2014; NTSB, 2015b & 2016b), an instrument typically found in military platforms and now the Icon A5, light-sport aircraft (Icon, 2016). How does the design of pilots’ environment—the cockpit—further influence their efficiency and effectiveness? To explore the possibilities for small aircraft displays, a participatory design investigation was conducted with 9 qualified instrument pilots. Aviators designed mock cockpits on a PC using pictorial cutouts of analog (e.g., mechanical dials) and digital (e.g., dynamic displays) controls. Data was analyzed qualitatively and compared to similar work. Finally, a template for GA displays was developed based on pilot input. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Applied Psychology 2016