Esta dissertação tem um caráter profundamente exploratório, buscando estabelecer hipóteses consistentes sobre o processo de transferência do desenvolvimento de alguns produtos da montadora para seus fornecedores, avaliando o aproveitamento e o aprimoramento das capacidades da engenharia nacional, assim como fatores que facilitam ou dificultam este movimento. Compõe-se de duas partes interligadas e complementares: uma revisão teórica e um estudo de campo. Para estabelecer a base teórica da investigação, foram levantados diversos estudos, em particular sobre montadoras e sobre fornecedores, sendo a seguir definido o problema a ser estudado. Considerando a complexidade do problema da pesquisa, situado em um universo dinâmico, com entrelaçamentos que dificultam identificar o foco de forma isolada, foram definidas as hipóteses preliminares, definindo-se também a adequação da utilização de dois procedimentos empíricos principais. Um procedimento foi o levantamento de fontes documentais do setor, trabalhando com dados qualitativos e quantitativos, inclusive estatísticos. O outro procedimento foi o estudo de múltiplos casos; foram estudados os casos de duas sistemistas, sendo um referente aos sistemas de distribuição eletro-eletrônicos (\"chicotes\") e outro ao painel completo de veículos, sendo que ambos se desdobram, internamente, em subcasos. Apresenta-se como vem ocorrendo o desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automotiva, suas fases e desafios. São abordadas algumas práticas de desenvolvimento de produtos mundiais e o papel dos fornecedores. É tratado o desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automotiva brasileira, buscando compreender o do papel da engenharia dos fornecedores com presença local e suas relações, sempre que possível apresentando paralelos com a indústria global e suas dinâmicas de desenvolvimento. Os estudos de caso são utilizados para analisar algumas áreas em que os fornecedores locais têm competências e autonomia, do ponto de vista técnico, para proceder no desenvolvimento de novos produtos para as montadoras, tanto no Brasil como no exterior. São exploradas as relações entre as empresas, qual a participação da montadora, e quais razões têm favorecido, ou não, o papel local dos fornecedores. É apresentada também uma análise de diferenças e similaridades entre os casos. Os resultados levaram à reelaboração das hipóteses preliminares de forma mais consistente, e sinalizaram que, embora a utilização da engenharia nacional dos fornecedores venha aumentando, poderia ser melhor utilizada, dando ao Brasil um papel mais relevante frente a países de engenharia emergente. Contudo, os casos apontam que, ao contrário, essa competência da engenharia local tem sido utilizada fora do país, mas apenas pela presença de engenheiros brasileiros individualmente, levando seu potencial para desenvolver a engenharia de outros centros estrangeiros. / This master thesis is profoundly exploratory, in search of establishing consistent hypotheses on the transference of the product development process of some products from the OEMs to their suppliers, evaluating the good use and improvement of national engineering competencies, as well as factors which facilitate or difficult such a movement. It is composed by two interconnected and complementary parts: a theoretical revision and a field study. Aiming at to establish the theoretical basis to the investigation, a variety of studies has been gathered and studied, particularly those related to OEMs and suppliers, making then possible to define the problem to be studied. Considering the complexity of the problem, posed in a dynamic universe, presenting interconnections which difficult to isolate the focus of the research, preliminary hypotheses were proposed, also defining the use of two main empirical proceedings. One is the search for documental sources attached to the automotive sector, working with qualitative and quantitative data, including statistical information. The other is multiple-case studies, taking the cases of two systems suppliers, one related to the electricalelectronic distribution systems (wiring harness) and the other to vehicles cockpit panel; both of them are multiplied in sub-cases. It is presented how the product development in the automotive sector has been occurring, its phases and challenges. Some of the practices in the development of world products and the role of suppliers are also approached. The product development in the Brazilian automotive sector was also approached, aiming at bringing some contribution to the understanding of the role of the suppliers engineering that has local presence and their relations, also presenting possible parallels to the global industry and its dynamics of development. The case studies were directed to analyze some areas in which the local suppliers have competencies and autonomy, in technical terms, to proceed in developing new products to the OEMs, in Brazil and abroad. Then this study seeks to explore the relations among companies, what is the participation of the OEMs, and what reasons have favored, or not, the local role of the suppliers. An analysis of differences and similarities between the cases is presented as well. The results guided to the reelaboration of the preliminary hypotheses into more consistent ones. They also pointed out that, although the good use of national engineering has been improving, it might be better used in the development of products, promoting a better role for Brazil in face of countries with emergent engineering. However, the cases point out to the fact that the national engineering competencies have been more used by means of the presence of Brazilian engineers just alone as individuals, taking their potential to develop the engineering of other foreigner centers.

This master thesis covers with the modern architecture of avionics system for EASA CS-23 AIRPL. The thesis contains EASA CS-23 and EU-OPS analysis and market analysis of avionics systems for this category of aircrafts. The thesis also includes the design of avionics system architecture and its safety and reliability assessment – used tool is Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). At the end of the thesis there is assesment of potential attack of the avionics system by third part.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá využitím rozšířené reality v letectví. V této oblasti se zaměřuje na kontrolní seznamy v kokpitu využívané ve všech fázích letu k zajištění vykonání všech důležitých úkonů. Pro tento účel je vyvinuta mobilní aplikace, jejímž cílem je provést pilota krok po kroku kontrolním seznamem. Každý krok vyžaduje provedení určitého úkonu na konkrétním letovém nástroji nacházejícím se v kokpitu letadla. Příslušný letový nástroj spojený s aktivním úkolem je identifikován a označen vhodnou vizualizací. Experimentální aplikace je implementována s využitím herního nástroje Unity a AR Foundation frameworku. Implementovaná aplikace byla testována během letu s pozitivní zpětnou vazbou od účastníků testování.

The aim of this master„s thesis is detailed study of multipilot airliner?s crew in sence of optimalization of its actions, which is known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). This paper shows what is the main purpose of CRM through the air crash investigations and human factor analysis. According to this findings, the last chapter presents problems of flight crew planning and personnel selection.

The Swedish Armed Forces are currently considering extending the operational life of the Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D multirole fighter aircraft by an additional 10 to 20 years. This has resulted in a need to upgrade many of the hardware components originally developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These upgrades include the Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) used to generate graphics in the aircraft’s Cockpit Display System (CDS), made programmable through the Symbol Programming Language (SPL). SPL is a proprietary Domain Specific Language (DSL) developed specifically to be used with the custom hardware in the Gripen’s CDS. An upgrade of the underlying hardware would necessitate migrating the old SPL software to some other format suitable for modern hardware. Large parts of this process could be automated with the help of a source-to-source compiler, i.e., a transpiler. In this thesis, we present a translation-verifying transpiler for a subset of SPL, dubbed μSPL, that outputs equivalent OpenGL/C++ programs. Verification is done at runtime against a reference program execution trace produced by the transpiler by means of symbolic execution in the operational semantics of μSPL. An observational study was made to evaluate the solution and the soundness of the μSPL semantics. From the results of the observational evaluation, we find that the chosen method for translation verification is contextually suitable, albeit with potential for improvement in the details of the implementation. / Försvarsmakten överväger i skrivande stund att förlänga tjänsteperioden för enhetflygplanet Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D med ytterligare 10 till 20 år. Detta har resulterat i ett behov av att uppgradera många av de hårdvarukomponenter som ursprungligen togs fram för Gripenprojektet under sena 1980-talet och tidiga 1990-talet. Dessa uppgraderingar inkluderar applikationsspecifika integrerade kretsar (ASIC:ar) som används för att driva och generera symbolik för presentationssystemet Elektroniskt Presentationssystem 17 (EP-17) i cockpit på Gripen C/D. Dessa ASIC:ar är programmerbara med det egenutvecklade grafikprogramspråket SPL. En uppgradering av den underliggande hårdvaran skulle nödvändiggöra en migration av den SPL-mjukvara som redan är skriven till något format som är lämpligt för modern hårdvara. Stora delar av den här processen skulle kunna automatiseras med en automatisk översättare; en så kallad transpilator. I den här avhandlingen presenterar vi en översättningsverifierande transpilator för en delmängd av SPL, kallad μSPL, som översätter till ekvivalenta OpenGL/C++ program. Verifiering görs under körning mot ett exekveringsspår (execution trace) som producerats av transpilatorn parallellt med översättningen med hjälp av symbolisk exekvering i den operationella semantiken för μSPL. En observationell studie görs för att utvärdera lösningen och sundheten hos den använda μSPL-semantiken. Från den observationella studien framgår det att den föreslagna metoden för översättningsverifikation är lämplig i sammanhanget, med utrymme för förbättring i implementationsdetaljerna.

No description available.

Se presenta una propuesta de diseño de cabina de pilotaje de aviones cuyo objetivo es ayudar la adaptación de los pilotos al pilotaje de los aviones de pasajeros de tipo glass-cockpit. Se acompaña esta propuesta de una descripción de conjunto de la relación piloto-avión tal como evoluciona desde que el piloto aprende a pilotar la primera avioneta de escuela hasta que aborda los aviones de transporte de pasajeros. Esta descripción abarca elementos cognitivos y afectivo-emocionales de la relación persona-máquina.Para realizar esta propuesta se efectúa en primer lugar una búsqueda de información que incluye a la vez fuentes escritas y fuentes orales. Las fuentes de información escritas son estudios del glass-cockpit realizados desde la ergonomía, la psicología cognitiva y la socio-antropología, y textos escritos por un constructor de glass-cockpit y por pilotos. Las fuentes orales son entrevistas a ergónomos que estudian el glass-cockpit, pilotos de glass-cockpit y médicos de pilotos de glass-cockpit.En segundo lugar, se realizan: - entrevistas cualitativas en profundidad a pilotos- acompañamiento y observación de estos pilotos a bordo, durante vuelos- ejercicios de dibujo: se solicita a los pilotos que indiquen, en una reconstitución gráfica de la cabina, en qué partes de la cabina (en qué instrumentos, mandos, zonas...) sienten ruido, vibración, sensación de movimiento, sensación de control, sensación de placer y de tensión.Se realizan estas indagaciones en pilotos situados en distintos momentos de su recorrido profesional (desde el aprendizaje inicial en escuela de pilotaje hasta el trabajo cotidiano en glass-cockpit de compañías aéreas) ya que el glass-cockpit no es el primer avión del piloto: este aparato será pilotado respecto a un 'pasado' hecho de otros aviones, pasado que influirá tanto a nivel cognitivo como emocional. Importa por tanto conocer este pasado para tener una visión más completa de la relación global piloto-avión. Las indagaciones efectuadas permiten saber en qué consiste aprender a pilotar un avión, y la importancia de su control; se obtiene también una visión preliminar del conjunto de las exigencias cognitivas y emocionales relacionadas con el pilotaje. En base a los datos recogidos, se elabora una propuesta de diseño de cabina de pilotaje con propuestas alternativas para todos aquellos elementos del glass-cockpit que han recibido comentarios negativos en las entrevistas y en la literatura. Se presenta esta propuesta a pilotos de glass-cockpit para su evaluación. Es percibida como una herramienta de formación para hacer que el paso entre las avionetas bimotor (de escuela, o de las primeras experiencias profesionales) y los glass-cockpit resulte menos difícil para los pilotos. El diseño propuesto se podría instalar en las avionetas bimotor, o reproducir en simuladores de formación. / A cockpit layout aimed at helping pilots' adaptation to glass-cockpit airliners is presented, as well as a description of the pilot-aircraft relationship as it evolves since the first single-propeller aircraft used at the beginning of flight training, up to glass-cockpits flown in airlines. The description shows cognitive and affective elements of the person-machine relationship.To realize the layout and the description an information search was fulfilled. Its first step involved the gathering of written and oral data. Written data consulted were the ergonomic, psychologic and socio-anthropologic existing analysis of glass-cockpits, as well as texts made by a glass-cockpit builder and by pilots. Oral data was derived from interviews made to ergonomists studying glass-cockpits, glass-cockpit pilots, and physicians of glass-cockpit pilots.The second step of information gathering involved:- qualitative interviews to pilots- accompanying the interviewed pilots on board aircraft- the realization of specific drawings: the pilots were asked to show, in a graphic representation of the cockpit, where (in which instruments, controls, zones...) they felt noise, vibration, the feeling of movement, the feeling of control, pleasure, and stress.These inquiries were made with pilots placed at different moments of a professional career (students flying single-propeller training aircraft, intermediates flying twin propellers, and full professional pilots flying classic jetliners and glass-cockpits). As glass-cockpits are not the first airplanes flown in a career, they will be used under the cognitive and affective influence of a 'past' made of several airplanes. It was thus important to know this past in order to derive a fuller vision of the pilot-aircraft relationship.The information gathered enabled to better describe what implies learning to fly and the importance of controlling an aircraft, both from a cognitive and an affective point of view. A cockpit layout was designed, featuring alternative designs for all those glass-cockpit elements that received negative feedback in the interviews and in the literature. The proposed layout was assessed by glass-cockpit pilots. They saw it as a training tool to lessen the complexity gap that the pilots have to overcome when transitioning, in their careers, from twin propeller aircraft to glass-cockpits. This layout could in the future be fitted to propeller aircraft used for training or could be reproduced in flight training simulators.

I detta examensarbete har jag undersökt förmågan hos nautiker att ta fram och tillgodogöra sig information från radar och ARPA för sitt beslutsunderlag i trafiksituationer. Syftet var att få förståelse i om fartygsbefäl haft svårigheter att få fram denna mycket relevanta information. Detta gjordes med hjälp av förstudier i form av intervjuer med erfarna fartygsbefäl. Dessa intervjuer gav kriterier som möjliggjorde analyseringen av 13 olycksfallsrapporter, vilket utgjorde litteraturstudien. Dessa rapporter var författade av engelska Department of Transport, Marine Investigation Branch(MAIB), Statenshaverikommission(SHK) och  Sjöfartsverkets rapportserie(SjöfR). Dessutom användes både sjö- och luftfartsrelaterade artiklar för framtagning av fakta. Slutsatserna visade att man i hälften av fallen använt sig av väldigt låg nivå på funktionalitet för sitt beslutsunderlag, men att även i de fall man använt mer avancerad funktionalitet fann man brister i tolkning av informationen för att i tid ta beslut för att undvika olyckor. / This is a study about the Navigating Mariners ability to locate and use information from the Radar and ARPA, before taking important decisions in Trafic Situations. The purpose was to acquire an understanding if there are some difficulties in receiving this important information. This purpose was accomplished by a pre-investigation using two interviews with experienced deck officers. This pre-study produced criterias, that made it possible to compare 13 Accident Reports. These reports were used as a litterature for the investigation. The Department of Transport, Marine Investigation Branch(MAIB), The Swedish Accident Investigation Board(SHK) and The Swedish Maritime Safety Inspectorate(SjöfR) had produced these reports. In addition to these reports, the author used both maritime- and aeronautical based articles in order to find more facts about the issues around the investigation. The findings showed that in half of the investigated accidents the mariners involved had used a low level of functionality before making the final decisions. It was also shown, that the ones that had used a very high level of functionality, before the accident, misinterpreted the information and failed to take the right decision in ample time before the accident.

This Open Platform for Limit Protection guides the open design of maneuver limit protection systems in general, and manned, rotorcraft, aerospace applications in particular. The platform uses three stages of limit protection modules: limit cue creation, limit cue arbitration, and control system interface. A common set of limit cue modules provides commands that can include constraints, alerts, transfer functions, and friction. An arbitration module selects the best limit protection cues and distributes them to the most appropriate control path interface. This platform adopts a holistic approach to limit protection whereby it considers all potential interface points, including the pilots visual, aural, and tactile displays; and automatic command restraint shaping for autonomous limit protection. For each functional module, this thesis guides the control system designer through the design choices and information interfaces among the modules. Limit cue module design choices include type of prediction, prediction mechanism, method of critical control calculation, and type of limit cue. Special consideration is given to the nature of the limit, particularly the level of knowledge about it, and the ramifications for limit protection design, especially with respect to intelligent control methods such as fuzzy inference systems and neural networks. The Open Platform for Limit Protection reduces the effort required for initial limit protection design by defining a practical structure that still allows considerable design freedom. The platform reduces lifecycle effort through its open engineering systems approach of decoupled, modular design and standardized information interfaces. Using the Open Platform for Limit Protection, a carefree maneuver system is designed that addresses: main rotor blade stall as a steady-state limit; hub moment as a transient structural limit; and pilot induced oscillation as a controllability limit. The limit cue modules in this system make use of static neural networks, adaptive neural networks, and fuzzy inference systems to predict these limits. Visual (heads up display) and tactile (force-feedback) limit cues are employed. The carefree maneuver system is demonstrated in manned simulation using a General Helicopter (GENHEL) math model of the UH-60 Black Hawk, a projected, 53 degree field of view for the pilot, and a two-axis, active sidestick for cyclic control.

La hiérarchisation de la puissance injectée par des sources acoustiques dans une cavité d'avion telle qu'un cockpit, en vol, revêt un caractère majeur dans le but d'en réduire le bruit intérieur. Afin de répondre à ce besoin, la nécessité de considérer la cavité dans son ensemble à l'aide d'une méthode globale se révèle importante. Au cours de cette thèse, une méthode d'identification basée sur une méthode énergétique locale, appelée MES pour Méthode Energétique Simplifiée, est utilisée. En connaissant la géométrie de la cavité, ainsi que l'absorption des matériaux qui la composent, elle permet de déterminer la puissance rayonnée par les différentes sources acoustiques à l'intérieur de la cavité, à l'aide de mesures d'intensité tridimensionnelle, et de densité d'énergie acoustique totale. Afin de tester la méthode dans un cas réel, mesurer ces quantités énergétiques s'avère alors nécessaire. Une sonde acoustique est donc conçue, fabriquée, testée et enfin validée. Basée sur quatre mesures de pressions réalisées autour d'une sphère rigide à l'aide de microphones électrostatiques déportés, elle permet de mesurer la pression et le vecteur vitesse particulaire au centre de la sphère, et d'en déduire alors l'intensité 3D et la densité d'énergie totale. Un démonstrateur est ensuite construit pour réaliser des essais. Il s'agit d'une maquette de cockpit basée sur celui de l'A380. Différents essais acoustiques et vibro-acoustiques permettent alors de démontrer la capacité de l'association formée par la méthode d'identification et la sonde à déterminer la puissance injectée par les différentes sources dans des conditions acoustiques plus ou moins sévères, avec une précision de l'ordre de 2dB. Le post-traitement à l'aide de la MES des flux acoustiques rayonnés ainsi déterminés permet également de reconstruire le champ acoustique dans la cavité, ainsi que de séparer les différentes contributions en des points d'intérêt tels que les têtes pilote et copilote.