L’état de santé des personnes âgées se dégrade, les niveaux de dépendance s’accroissent, induisant de profondes conséquences sur l’organisation sanitaire en France. Les fractures du col du fémur illustrent ce défi au regard de leur fort impact sur la qualité de vie et sur la morbi-mortalité des patients. Notre étude quantitative et qualitative, (Jan. 2012 - Jan. 2013) au sein du principal service de chirurgie orthopédique d’Alsace, a permis de retracer le parcours de soin de 107 patients âgés de 75 ans et plus. Notre principale conclusion est que le patient n’a que très peu de place dans le processus décisionnel de son parcours de soin. Cela est d’autant plus dommageable que cette fracture revêt une double signification: physique (besoin d’assistance accrue) et symbolique (dépendance anticipée). Notre étude interactionniste permet de dégager des pistes d’actions opérationnelles dans les domaines sanitaires, politiques et éthiques afin de limiter les effets délétères de cette pathologie. / In a context of depressed health-conditions for elderly people, the levels of dependency are rising. It induces deep consequences for the entire health care organisation. For instance, the fractures of the femoral neck (FFN) represent a healthcare challenge regarding their strong impact on patients’ quality of life and on their morbity-mortality. We conducted a qualitative and quantitative study (Jan. 2012- Jan. 2013) within the main department of orthopedic surgery in Alsace in order to track the healthcare paths of 107 patients of 75 years-old or more. Our main conclusion is that patients are poorly involved in the decisions for their care. This is all the more harmful because the FFN is in fact dual. It is both a physical (higher assistance needed) and a symbolic (earlier dependency) breakage. Our interactionist study identifies areas for pragmatic actions in health-care, public policies and ethic that could contribute to absorb / reduce the pernicious effects of this pathology.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-30T19:27:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) meirelle_aiane_almeida_loredo.pdf: 1878737 bytes, checksum: 0eac1cf766884d197c480b56a9ecd3eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-02-03T11:48:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) meirelle_aiane_almeida_loredo.pdf: 1878737 bytes, checksum: 0eac1cf766884d197c480b56a9ecd3eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-03T11:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) meirelle_aiane_almeida_loredo.pdf: 1878737 bytes, checksum: 0eac1cf766884d197c480b56a9ecd3eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O objetivo central desse trabalho ? a an?lise do projeto educacional desenvolvido no Col?gio Nossa Senhora Das Dores em Diamantina, pelas Filhas da Caridade no per?odo de 1905 a 1925. J? os objetivos espec?ficos desse trabalho consistem em analisar o discurso ultramontano presente nas pr?ticas escolares do col?gio e identificar a influ?ncia das caracter?sticas institucionais da Congrega??o das Filhas da Caridade na forma??o da mocidade feminina. O educand?rio recebia alunas internas e externas e cuidava de meninas ?rf?s. As mo?as do Nossa Senhora das Dores eram preparadas para serem boas m?es, esposas e educadoras. Com rela??o ?s pr?ticas pedag?gicas desenvolvidas no col?gio, a presente pesquisa prop?e investig?-las utilizando-se do m?todo qualitativo. Como instrumento para a realiza??o da pesquisa foi utilizada an?lise documental e levantamento bibliogr?fico. Para tanto, prop?e-se investigar os dispositivos legais que foram institucionalizados para a efetiva??o desse projeto tanto no que concerne ?s leis do Estado, como as leis da Igreja e do pr?prio Col?gio. Sendo assim, o resultado da pesquisa ? ressaltar a import?ncia de discutir a organiza??o do ensino feminino e a sua tentativa de sistematiza??o dentro do quadro educacional, utilizando as mulheres como instrumento de expans?o desse novo discurso. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The main objective of this work is the analysis of the educational project developed at the Col?gio Nossa Senhora das Dores in Diamantina by the daughters of charity from 1905 to 1925. The specific objectives of this work are to analyze the ultramontane discourse present in the school practices of the college and to identify the influence of the institutional characteristics of the Congregation of the Daughters of Charity in the formation of the female youth. The educational received internal and external students and take cared of orphaned girls. The girls of Nossa Senhora das Dores were prepared to be good mothers, wives and educators. With respect to the pedagogical practices developed in the college, the present research proposes to investigate them using the qualitative method. As an instrument for conducting the research will be used documentary analysis and bibliographic survey. In order to do so, it is proposed to investigate the legal documents that have been institutionalized for the realization of this project both with regard to the laws of the State, as well as the laws of the Church and of the College itself. Therefore, the expected result of the research is to emphasize the importance of discussing the organization of female teaching and its attempt to systematize within the educational framework, using women as an instrument to expand this new discourse.

Submitted by Raniere Barreto (raniere.barros@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T18:39:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dalvan_charbaje_colen.pdf: 1623212 bytes, checksum: ed8c1a89826cb5554b92169aa8f27739 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-04-20T13:21:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dalvan_charbaje_colen.pdf: 1623212 bytes, checksum: ed8c1a89826cb5554b92169aa8f27739 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T13:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dalvan_charbaje_colen.pdf: 1623212 bytes, checksum: ed8c1a89826cb5554b92169aa8f27739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Este trabalho se desenvolveu atrav?s de pesquisas e contribui??es com a tem?tica Inquisi??o e seus aspectos Inquisitoriais, na busca de abstrair a atua??o do Tribunal do Santo Of?cio em Vila Rica - Minas Gerais, seus desdobramentos e experi?ncias nas primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XVIII. Ter acesso a documentos prim?rios da Inquisi??o, no inicio da forma??o territorial de Vila Rica viabilizou compreender mais a realidade do Santo Of?cio, os seus interesses e como atuavam, tendo em vista o car?ter m?ltiplo de julgador, controlador e repressor, atuando aparentemente como ide?rio da manuten??o da f? Cat?lica. Assim, selecionou-se Vila Rica, por se tratar de uma das principais Vilas no per?odo colonial do Brasil. Logo, houve delimita??o do espa?o e tempo; vale relatar que o principal expoente Inquisitorial em Vila Rica eram os Crist?os-Novos (1711-1750). / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This work was developed through researches and contributions with the Inquisition and its Inquisitorial aspects, in the quest to abstract the actions of the Court of the Holy Office in Vila Rica - Minas Gerais, its developments and experiences in the first decades of the 18th century. Having access to primary documents of the Inquisition, at the beginning of the territorial formation of Vila Rica made it possible to understand more the reality of the Holy Office, its interests and how they acted, considering the multiple character of a judge, controller and repressor, apparently acting as maintenance of the Catholic faith. Thus, Vila Rica was selected because it is the main towns in the colonial period of Brazil. Therefore, there was delimitation of space and time; it is worth mentioning that the main Inquisitorial exponent in Vila Rica was the New-Christians (1711-1750).

The presented diploma thesis deals with the current issue of compensation for damages caused by European otter (Lutra lutra), namely the use of feasible preventive measures to eliminate damages and to ensure the entitlement to compensation in accordance with the law No 115/2000 Col. It also presents the results of practical testing of scent barrier systems as an alternative protective equipment agains unwanted predation in real conditions of fish storage pools.

Les fractures du fémur proximal de la personne âgée sont généralement fixées par des dispositifs d’ostéosynthèse. Pour les fractures particulières dites inter-trochantériennes, il est possible de fixer la fracture de manière intra-médullaire (à l’intérieur de l’os) ou de manière extra-médullaire (en dehors de l’os). Pour chaque type de traitement, les hôpitaux sont équipés des deux systèmes de fixation. Les différences de morphologie des individus impliquent l’existence de multiples références d’implants et donc de surcoûts en termes d’équipement. Dans ce travail de thèse, un implant original adaptable à la plupart des morphologies a été développé. Cet implant permettra non seulement d’offrir aux chirurgiens une souplesse au cours des interventions chirurgicales mais aussi de réduire de manière significative les stocks d’implants dans les hôpitaux. Le comportement mécanique de l’implant est étudié dans différents cas de fractures par deux approches complémentaires, une méthode numérique par Éléments Finis et une approche expérimentale mettant en oeuvre des techniques de stéréo-corrélation à partir d’images de caméras rapides. Les résultats des calculs numériques sont confrontés à ceux issus d’essais réalisés sur des fémurs synthétiques, puis cadavériques en laboratoire d’anatomie. Les comparaisons avec des implants existants montrent que ce nouveau concept d’implant permet une fixation plus stable des fragments osseux et une bonne compression du foyer de fracture. / Proximal femoral fractures in the elderly are generally fixed with osteosynthetic devices. For specific fractures called intertrochanteric, it is possible to fix the fracture in an intramedullary way (inside the bone) or in an extramedullary way (outside the bone). For each type of treatment, hospitals are equipped with the two fixing systems. The differences in physical characteristics between individuals imply the existence of multiple references implants and therefore additional costs in terms of equipment. In this thesis work,an original implant adaptable to most people has been developed. This implant will provide surgeons greater flexibility during surgery but also significantly reduce stocks implants in hospitals. The mechanical behavior of the implant is studied in different cases of fractures by two complementary approaches,a finite element analysis and an experimental study employing stereo-image correlation technique from images of high speed cameras. The results of the numerical calculation are compared with those derived from tests on synthetic femurs, then cadaver in anatomy laboratory. Comparisons with existing implants show that this new implant concept allows for a more stable fixation of bone fragments and a good compression of the fracture.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KeilaCM_TESE.pdf: 2110126 bytes, checksum: 6b51bcca85965d3ccf9e35acb05a597b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-21 / Our research aims to analyze some institutions of primary education in so-called First Republic in Natal/RN, when they were considered high standard institutions on training, dissemination and creation of national identity and republican traditions. Thus, we investigated to try to understand the creation of the new man and the invention of new traditions to confirm the status of republican modernity in two schools in Natal, the Colegio Americano, a private one, and a standard model of school, Augusto Severo, which is a public one. As a basis we have the history of institutions to analyze, paying close attention to consider the use of imitation in cultural patrimony as well as the use of strategies to distinguish. The concept of ownership follows, for present purposes, their focus of study on observation of diverse and contrasting use of these cultural objects, texts, readings and ideas from research institutions. For analysis of the link which occurs within the school environment, in every period of its history, we used the concept of school culture as a set of rules and practices which define knowledge to teach and conduct the introject. A culture that incorporates the school to keep a set with other religious cultures, political and popular of its time and space. In this sense, the educational institutions which we studied while showing what kind of in this work by preparing cultures, codes, different practices, and specific individuals they have, they were in important locations to provide modern cultural appropriation as a strategy for educational innovation and a factor of rationality and efficiency which could be observed and controlled, so gradually the modern school education was organized to produce its own society. As a challenge of affirmation and incorporating diverse social experiences to produce the modern, civilized man of the Republican time, the school, as part of the social life, which is singular in its practices, not only the set of reforms, decrees, laws and projects, but also as expressions of concept about life and society in terms of material, symbolic and cultural symbols in the social context in modernization. We focused on these two schools, because inside the wide cultural and material status of the city, they were the first republic schools which had the goal of having men and woman together culturally , with a view to adapting them to the modern movement to make them civilized / educated / rational . On this view, we would emphasize that this statement needs a reinvention as a new way through what is made at the schools which production of new spaces, practices, rites and what represents school, making and expressing a new identity, modern, different of the old symbols of the Empire. For this, nothing better than the organization of schooling, emphasizing on educating the individual and his/her responsibilities with the order and progress. We need to understand the past as a result of conflicts, including strengths and limitations within the historical and social context, and the invention of tradition as a process of formalization and ritualization of acts which want to perpetuate, as a reference to a group identity. These are practices and social educative representations which support the understanding of pedagogical and educational ideas at this historical moment, making a new way of being and doing in the Republican universe / Nossa pesquisa prioriza a an?lise das institui??es de ensino prim?rio na chamada Primeira Rep?blica em Natal/RN, enquanto inst?ncias privilegiadas na forma??o, divulga??o e cria??o da identidade nacional republicana e suas tradi??es. Assim, buscamos investigar e compreender a cria??o do homem novo e a inven??o de novas tradi??es para confirmarem o status de modernidade republicana dentro de duas institui??es escolares na cidade do Natal, o Col?gio Americano (de iniciativa privada) e o grupo escolar modelo, Augusto Severo (p?blica). Temos como base de an?lise a Hist?ria das institui??es, tendo o cuidado de considerar a imita??o do uso de bens culturais bem como o uso de estrat?gias de distin??o. A no??o de apropria??o segue, para fins deste trabalho, seu foco de estudo na observa??o do emprego diverso e contrastante dos mesmos bens culturais, textos, leituras e id?ias das institui??es pesquisadas. Para an?lise das rela??es que ocorrem dentro do ambiente escolar, em cada per?odo de sua hist?ria, utilizamos o conceito de cultura escolar, enquanto um conjunto de normas e pr?ticas que definem conhecimentos a ensinar e condutas a introjetar. Uma cultura que incorpora o fazer escolar, mantendo um conjunto com outras culturas religiosas, pol?ticas e populares de seu tempo e espa?o. Nesse sentido, as institui??es educativas estudadas neste trabalho, ao disporem de culturas, c?digos, pr?ticas diferenciadas, singulares e espec?ficas, constitu?ram-se em locais privilegiados para se darem apropria??es culturais modernas, como estrat?gia de inova??o educacional e fator de racionalidade e efici?ncias, observ?veis e control?veis. Paulatinamente, a educa??o escolar moderna, se organizava ao produzir a pr?pria sociedade. No desafio da afirma??o e incorpora??o de diversas experi?ncias sociais para produzir o homem republicano moderno e civilizado, a escola, como parte do social, singularizava em suas pr?ticas, n?o somente o conjunto de reformas, decretos, leis e projetos, mas express?es de concep??es de sociedade e vida no plano material, simb?lico e cultural, no contexto social em moderniza??o. Detemo-nos nessas duas institui??es porque dentro do diverso estado material e cultural da cidade foram as primeiras escolas republicanas que objetivavam homogeneizar culturalmente homens e mulheres na perspectiva de adequ?-los ao movimento da modernidade para faz?-los civilizados/educados/racionais. Sobre esse prisma conv?m destacar que essa reinven??o necessita de uma afirma??o como nova forma escolar atrav?s da produ??o de novos espa?os, pr?ticas, ritos e s?mbolos escolares, produzindo e expressando uma nova identidade, o moderno, contr?rio aos s?mbolos ultrapassados do Imp?rio. Para tanto, nada melhor do que a organiza??o da instru??o escolar, com ?nfase na forma??o do indiv?duo, e suas responsabilidades com a ordem e o progresso. ? entendermos o passado como resultado dos conflitos, com suas potencialidades e limites dentro do contexto hist?rico e social e a inven??o de tradi??es enquanto processo de formaliza??o e ritualiza??o de atos que se quer perpetuar como refer?ncia de identidade a um grupo. S?o essas pr?ticas e as representa??es s?cio-educativas que favoreceram a compreens?o das id?ias pedag?gico-educacionais nesse momento hist?rico, destinadas a formar um novo modo de ser e fazer no universo republicano

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-27T12:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CatarinaDaSilvaSouza_TESE.pdf: 1454198 bytes, checksum: 66b3687b350a3db98a55ec20db74fb6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-30T15:12:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CatarinaDaSilvaSouza_TESE.pdf: 1454198 bytes, checksum: 66b3687b350a3db98a55ec20db74fb6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-30T15:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CatarinaDaSilvaSouza_TESE.pdf: 1454198 bytes, checksum: 66b3687b350a3db98a55ec20db74fb6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / ministra??o, que recebe sobremodo influ?ncias de uma colonialidade do pensamento, que subjaz a outras possibilidades de vis?es, numa perspectiva mais cr?tica e reflexiva acerca das quest?es organizacionais e suas implica??es no contexto sociocultural, expressas tanto nos itiner?rios das ideias, como na l?gica produtivista do pensamento linear, bem como na forma??o utilitarista dos cursos das escolas superiores. T?m-se como objetivo elaborar uma cartografia simb?lica das ideias do conhecimento em administra??o na tentativa de identificar aproxima??es com o conhecimento regula??o, mas tamb?m pistas de aproxima??es com o conhecimento emancipa??o. Prop?e-se mapear as perspectivas epistemol?gicas do conhecimento em Administra??o no Brasil, tendo como aporte te?ricoepistemol?gico autores cl?ssicos e contempor?neos que discutem a descoloniza??o do pensamento, destacando-se a proposta de Boaventura de Sousa Santos ao trabalhar como contraponto a esse colonialismo hegem?nico a ?epistemologia do sul?, complementada por outros referentes epist?micos de Santos, quais sejam os conceitos de Sociologia das Aus?ncias, Sociologia das Emerg?ncias, Ecologia dos saberes, e Tradu??o, al?m de referentes de outros autores do movimento Modernidade/Colonialidade. Para compreender a constitui??o desse conhecimento, examinam-se, como campo emp?rico, as experi?ncias encontradas no Col?quio Internacional de Epistemologia e Sociologia da Ci?ncia da Administra??o (2011- 2015). Enquanto estrat?gia de pesquisa configuram-se os dados da pesquisa emp?rica em uma cartografia simb?lica, conforme proposta por Santos (2009a), por ela permitir a demonstra??o das ?[...] virtualidades anal?ticas e te?ricas de uma abordagem sociol?gica que tome por matriz de refer?ncia a constru??o e a representa??o do espa?o?. Constata-se uma atualiza??o das perspectivas epistemol?gicas do conhecimento em administra??o, no sentido de buscar as bases epist?micas que fomentam sua constitui??o, bem como; compress?o e dialogo com outras ?reas do conhecimento e suas estrat?gias metodol?gicas. Destaque para tem?ticas como gest?o p?blica, economia solid?ria, racionalidade e dom?nios espec?ficos da administra??o, como finan?as, empreendedorismo e estrat?gia. Verifica-se o alinhamento ao conhecimento regula??o, todavia; h? aproxima??es ao conhecimento emancipa??o iminente ?s reflex?es do pensamento cr?tico em administra??o. / We study the epistemological perspectives of knowledge production Administration, which seems to receive greatly influences a coloniality of thought which underlies other possibilities visions in a more critical and reflective perspective on organizational issues and their implications for the socio-cultural context, expressed both on the routes of ideas, as in the productivist logic of linear thinking and the utilitarian training courses of higher education. There have as objective to elaborate a symbolic mapping of knowledge management ideas in an attempt to identify approaches with knowledge regulation, but also approaches slopes with knowledge emancipation. It is proposed to map the epistemological perspectives of knowledge in Administration in Brazil, with the theoretical and epistemological contribution classic and contemporary authors propose the decolonization of thought, especially the proposal of Boaventura de Sousa Santos to work as opposed to this colonialism hegemonic the "southern epistemology", complemented by other epistemic referents of Santos, namely the concepts of Sociology of Absences, Sociology of Emergencies, ecology of knowledge, and translation, as well as regarding other authors of Modernity / Coloniality movement. To understand the constitution of this knowledge, it looks as empirical field, the experiences found in the International Colloquium on Epistemology and Sociology of Management Science (2011-2015). While research strategy configure the data of empirical research in a symbolic cartography, as proposed by Santos (2009a), for it allows the demonstration of "[...] analytical and theoretical virtues of a sociological approach to take for matrix reference to construction and representation of space?. There has been an update to the epistemological perspectives of knowledge in administration, in order to seek the epistemic bases that promote their constitution, as well as; compression and dialogue with other areas of knowledge and methodologies strategies. Highlighting issues such as public management, solidarity economy, rationality and specific areas of management such as finance, entrepreneurship and strategy. Check the alignment knowledge regulation, however; There are approaches to knowledge imminent emancipation to the reflections of critical thinking in management.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-02T23:37:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarioSergioFreitasFerreiraCavalcante_DISSERT.pdf: 1474530 bytes, checksum: 63366d89a6b7c054fb6dc9f83148e4c4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-09T19:35:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarioSergioFreitasFerreiraCavalcante_DISSERT.pdf: 1474530 bytes, checksum: 63366d89a6b7c054fb6dc9f83148e4c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T19:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarioSergioFreitasFerreiraCavalcante_DISSERT.pdf: 1474530 bytes, checksum: 63366d89a6b7c054fb6dc9f83148e4c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27 / Industrialmente, diversas estrat?gias e algoritmos de controle j? s?o utilizadas e registradas na literatura. Entre as t?cnicas existentes, os controladores fuzzy destacam-se pela sua capacidade de tratar de severas n?o linearidades presentes em plantas reais e por conseguir representar o conhecimento especialista, que ? impreciso e inexato matematicamente. Este trabalho estudou dois tipos de controladores fuzzy existentes, baseados no modelo Sugeno, sendo fuzzy tipo-1, aqui classificado como fuzzy convencional, e o fuzzy tipo-2. Devido a complexidade em sintonizar controladores fuzzy que apresentam uma grande quantidade de par?metros, esse trabalho se prop?e a testar diferentes m?todos de otimiza??o meta-heur?sticos para a sintonia de controladores. Para validar os controladores obtidos foi utilizado um servo motor-DC da Quanser, um problema de controle que requer precis?o e velocidade na corre??o do erro de segmento da refer?ncia. Com o intuito de comparar o comportamento dos controladores, otimizou-se um controlador PI para cada um dos sistemas. Para quantificar e qualificar cada controlador foram utilizados tr?s ?ndices de avalia??o, ITEA, IEA e o ?ndice de Goodhart, este ?ltimo utilizado por levar em considera??o tamb?m o sinal de controle aplicado na planta. Pela an?lise dos resultados obtidos, o controlador fuzzy tipo-2 apresentou ganho significativo para o controle dessa planta, quando otimizado com o m?todo PSO. Pelos resultados, pode-se tamb?m inferir que o algoritmo das formigas n?o mostrou-se adequado para esse problema, com a fun??o de avalia??o proposta. / Differents stategies and control algorithms are already tested and registered by industry. Among the existing techniques, fuzzy controllers stand out for their ability to deal with nonlinearities present in real plants. Another fuzzy also allows to best represent expert knowledge, which is mathematically inaccurate. This proposal studied the two types of fuzzy controllers, based on Sugeno Model, the fuzzy type-1 is classified as conventional fuzzy and fuzzy type-2. In this study is used optimization techniques seeking to tune controllers in order to solve one of the biggest problem in fuzzy logic, its tunning. Ant colony, particle swarm and genetic algorithm are used and evaluated to this problem. A servo motor-dc is used to validate fuzzys controllers and pi controller obtained by optimization tecniques. In order to quantify and qualify each controller, three indices were used IEA, ITEA and Goodhart index. The results obtained prove that the type-2 fuzzy controller presented significant gain for the control of this plant, when optimized with the PSO method. From the results, it can also be inferred that the ant algorithm was not adequate for this problem, with the proposed evaluation function.

Le cancer du col de l’utérus est le troisième cancer le plus fréquent chez la femme, dont l’agent étiologique majeur est l’infection par les papillomavirus humain (notamment HPV-16 et 18), qui sont de petits virus infectant les épithéliums muqueux et cutanés, et pouvant induire la formation de tumeurs. L’inducteur majeur du processus oncogène est le processus d’intégration des régions codantes pour les oncoprotéines E6 et E7, au sein de la cellule hôte suite à l’infection. Elles interférent avec le cycle cellulaire et induisent notamment l’immortalisation, voire la transformation des cellules. Les fonctions les plus connue de ces deux oncoprotéines sont la dégradation des suppresseurs de tumeur p53 et pRb, respectivement. Mon travail de thèse à consisté en la mise au point des vecteurs adénoviraux exprimant des miARN dirigés contre l’oncoprotéine E6. Exprimés in vitro ils induisent l’induction de la mort cellulaire par apoptose des cellules tumorales traitées, via l’activation de la voie de caspases, et in vivo permettent le ralentissement de la croissance de tumeurs xénogreffées à des souris Nude. De plus, la stratégie thérapeutique adénovirale a montré ses extensions possibles sur d’autres types de cancers HPV-positifs, mais également via l’expression de différentes moléculaires thérapeutiques, visant à empêcher l’interaction des oncoprotéines telles qu’E6 avec leurs partenaires cellulaires et ainsi les empêcher d’exercer les activités biologiques impliquées dans le développement de cancers. Pour finir, les adénovirus peuvent également être vu comme des outils d’extinction fonctionnels d’E6 et permettant d’étudier les répercutions sur d’autres processus cellulaires. / Cervical cancer is the third most common female cancer. Infection by human papillomavirus (mainly HPV-16 and 18), with tropisms for mucosal or cutaneous squamous surfaces, is the major etiological agent implicated in cancer and tumor development. After infection, the oncogenic process is triggered by integration of oncoproteins E6 and E7 coding regions into the host cell genome. After integration, these oncoproteins interfere with the cell cycle and induce immortalization and cellular transformation of normal cells. The best known function of these two oncoproteins is the degradation of tumors suppressors p53 and pRb respectively. My thesis project consisted in the development of adenoviral vectors expressing miRNA directed against E6 oncoprotein. Their in vitro expression resulted in cellular death by apoptosis of the treated tumor cells, and allowed reduction of tumor growth in vivo in nude mice xenografts. In addition, the adenoviral therapeutical strategy showed its possible extensions on other types of HPV-positive cancers, but also through the possible expression of different therapeutic molecules aimed at preventing the interaction of viral oncoproteins, such as E6, with their cellular partners. These abolished interactions prevent oncoproteins from exercising their biological activities implicated in the development of cancers. In conclusion, we can say that adenoviruses can also be seen as functional tools suppressing E6 and enabling to highlight the repercussions of its suppression on other cellular processes.

Les cancers viro-induits dont le chef de file est le cancer du col utérin lié aupapillomavirus humain (HPV) représentent une cause importante de mortalité dans la Caraïbe. Ilsont récemment été désignés comme objectif de santé publique par les registres des cancers antillais.Pour autant, les données virologiques disponibles sont rares et concernent principalement lesantilles anglophones. Des études de répartition génotypique menées à Tobago, en Jamaïque et à laBarbade montrent, en population générale, une forte prévalence des infections par les HPV à hautrisque oncogène (HRHPV) et une prédominance de génotypes différents de ceux qui prévalent dansles pays du nord (i.e.: HPV16, HPV18) notamment les génotypes HPV45 et HPV58. Ces donnéessoulèvent la question de l’existence d’un profil de distribution génotypique particulier dans laCaraïbe et la nécessité, le cas échéant, d’adapter la stratégie de prévention vaccinale des infectionspar les HPV à haut risque oncogène car les vaccins actuels ne ciblent que les génotypes 16 et 18 .Objectifs : L’objectif principal du travail était de décrire la distribution génotypique (estimation dela prévalence des différents génotypes) des HPV oncogènes impliqués dans les infections de lasphère ano-génitale des femmes, en Guadeloupe. L’objectif secondaire était de préciser les facteursdémographiques, sociaux et cliniques associés à la présence d’une infection ano-génitale à HPVoncogène.Patients et méthodes : Trois études ont été envisagées : i) une étude rétrospective, en populationgénérale, à partir des données cytologiques et virologiques du cabinet de pathologie de Guadeloupedont l’activité est la plus intense dans le domaine ciblé, ii) deux études prospectives conduites chezdes femmes immunodéprimées, soit par une transplantation rénale, soit par une maladie systémiqueauto-immune. Cette population de femmes a été choisie car elle est caractérisée par une prévalenceélevée d’infections ano-génitales à HPV oncogènes et une fréquence importante de complicationscarcinologiques HPV-induites, documentée dans la littérature.8prévalence des HPV à haut risque oncogène de type ni 16 ni 18 comme en atteste la distributiongénotypique observée en population générale et en population immunodéprimée (i.e. prévalenceforte du type HPV52 et à moindre degré des types HPV39 et HPV51 chez les patientestransplantées et des types HPV31, HPV58, HPV39, HPV45 chez les patientes présentant unemaladie systémique auto-immune). Ces résultats confortent les données des études précédemmentconduites dans l’arc antillais et constituent un argument pour élargir la protection vaccinale anti-HPV aux types non 16 non 18, dans le but d’ optimiser la prévention primaire du cancer du colutérin, aux Antilles.Le vaccin anti-HPV nonavalent, de commercialisation récente, semble représenter une optionintéressante. En effet, les 5 types supplémentaires de HRHPV qu’il cible par rapport aux vaccins de1ère génération (i.e.: HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52, HPV58) correspondent aux types despapillomavirus humains à haut risque oncogène ni 16 ni 18 qui circulent activement dans laCaraïbe, y compris deux types impliqués dans les cancers invasifs du col utérin aux antillesfrançaises: HPV33 et HPV45.Les facteurs de risque d’infection par les HPV oncogènes identifiés dans notre travailcorrespondent aux facteurs largement documentés dans la littérature comme le début précoce desrapports sexuels ou le statut de célibataire. Une étude de plus grande envergure est nécessaire pourinvestiguer l’association avec la sclérodermie systémique. / Of the virus-related cancers, cervical cancer linked to the human papillomavirus(HPV), is one of the leading causes of mortality in the Caribbean. These cancers have recently beenidentified as an important public health problem by Caribbean cancer registries. However,virological data available are limited and related primarily to the English-speaking Caribbean.Genotypic distribution studies in Tobago, Jamaica and Barbados show a high HPV prevalence ofhigh-risk HPV types (HR HPV) infections in the general population and a predominance ofgenotypes different from those of northern countries (i.e.: HPV16 and HPV18) in particular typesHPV45 and HPV58. These data raise the question of the existence of a specific genotypicdistribution profile in the Caribbean and the need, if required, to adapt vaccine prevention strategyagainst HRHPV infections because current vaccines only target genotypes 16 and 18.Objectives: The main objective of this study was to describe the distribution of carcinogenic HPVtypes involved in anogenital infections of women in Guadeloupe. The second objective was toidentify the demographic, social and clinical factors associated with the presence of oncogenic HPVinfection of the anogenital area.Patients and methods: Three studies were conducted: (i) a retrospective study concerning thegeneral population based on cytological and virological data from the Guadeloupe pathologylaboratory whose activity is the most intense in the targeted field; (ii) two prospective studies inwomen immunocompromised (i.e.: kidney transplant recipients, autoimmune systemic disease).This population of women was chosen because it is characterized by a high prevalence of HPVanogenital infections with frequent HPV-induced mucosal cancer complications reported in theliterature.Our 3 studies show a high prevalence of anogenital infections with carcinogenic HPVin women on the island of Guadeloupe. This high prevalence appears to be directly linked to theprevalence of high-risk, oncogenic HPVs of type non 16 and non 18, as evidenced by the genotypicdistribution observed in the general population and the immunocompromised population (i.e. HPV52 , HPV39, HPV51 in kidney transplant recipients and HPV31, HPV58, HPV39, HPV45 inpatients with autoimmune systemic disease). These results are in accordance with data from studiespreviously carried-out in Caribbean. They constitute an argument for extending the protectionagainst non-16 and non-18 HPV types infections with the aim of optimizing the basic prevention ofcervical cancer in the caribbean countries. The nonavalent new HPV vaccine seems to constitute aninteresting option. The 5 additional types of HR HPV that it targets compared to first generationvaccines (i.e.: HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52, HPV58) correspond to high risk HPV types nor16nor18 that are actively marketed in the Caribbean, including two types involved in invasive cervical11cancer in the French West Indies: HPV33 and HPV45.Risk factors for HPV infection identified in our study correspond to factors widely documented inthe literature such as early onset of sexual intercourse or unmarried status. A larger study is neededto investigate the association with systemic sclerosis.