This report evaluates whether an interpreted high-level garbage collected language has enough information about its memory behaviour to make better cache decisions than modern general CPU hardware. With a generational garbage collector, depending on promotion algorithm and generation size, around 90% of all objects never leave the first generation. This report is based on the hypothesis that, because of the low promotion rate, accesses to higher generations are sufficiently rare not to benefit from caching. To test this hypothesis, we built an operating system with a Scheme interpreter in kernel mode, where the interpreter controls the cache. Generic x86 PC hardware was used, since it allows fine-grained control of cache decisions. Measurements of execution time in this interpreter show that disabling the cache for generations higher than the first does not give any performance gain, but rather a performance loss of up to 50%. We conclude that this interpreter design is not an improvement, but cannot conclude that the hypothesis is false in general. We suggest building a better CPU simulator to gather more data from which to make better caching decisions, moving internal interpreter data structures into the garbage collected heap and modifying the hardware to allow control in the currently rigid dimension of where data is cached---for example separate control of instruction and data caches and separate data caches for different areas of memory.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la connaissance de l’histoire de l’art en Europe entre la Révolution et la Restauration, à travers l’étude du profil artistique, intellectuel et social du peintre Vincenzo Camuccini (1771-1844). Considéré dès son plus jeune âge comme l’un des artistes les plus influents de son époque, Camuccini occupe pendant plusieurs décennies de nombreuses charges au sein de l’administration pontificale (Académie de Saint-Luc et musée du Vatican). L’étude de sa production de tableaux d’histoire atteste qu’il est le principal représentant en Europe d’un néoclassicisme tardif, qui attribue une valeur fondante à la fidélité aux sources anciennes et qui filtre l’histoire contemporaine à travers des formes antiques. Ses tableaux religieux documentent, en outre, sa participation à l’élaboration de la politique culturelle de la papauté. Cet artiste résolument académique a été condamné par la critique dès sa mort en 1844. La présente monographie souhaite évaluer à sa juste mesure une personnalité artistique qui permet d’apporter un regard renouvelé sur les rapports entre art, politique et religion au sein des États pontificaux et en Europe entre la fin du XVIIIe et la première partie du XIXe siècle. L’objectif de cette thèse et de contribuer à la connaissance de l’histoire de l’art en Europe entre la Révolution et la Restauration, à travers l’étude du profil artistique, intellectuel et social du peintre Vincenzo Camuccini (1771-1844). / Through the study of the artistic, intellectual and social aspects of painter Vincenzo Camuccini’s (1771-1844) career, this PhD research is meant to expand the knowledge of European art history between the French Revolution and the Bourbon Restoration.Regarded as one of the leading artists of his time since he was young, Camuccini held high office in the Pontifical administration for several years (Saint Luke Academy and Vatican Museums). From the study of his historical paintings he emerges as the leading representative in Europe of a late neoclassicism characterized by an axiomatic adherence to historical sources and a mediated approach to contemporary history through the lens of past styles. His religious paintings attest his participation in the development of the papacy’s cultural policy. Since his death in 1844 such firmly academic artist has been condemned by the critics. This monographic study is aimed at a reassessment of Camuccini’s career allowing for a new regard on the relationship between art, politics and religion both within the Vatican State and in Europe between the end of the 18th century and the first part of the 19th century.

With increasing clock-rates in CPUs coming to an end, a need for parallelization has emerged. This thesis proposes a dynamic purity analysis of objects, detecting independent execution paths that may be run in parallel. The analysis relies in speculative guesses and may be rolled back when proven wrong. It piggybags on an efficient replicating garbage collector integrated to JVM. The efficiency of the algorithms are shown in benchmark, and are comparable to the speed of state of the art garbage collectors in hotspot’s JVM. With this dynamic purity analysis now accessible in Java programs, the potential for automatic JIT-parallelization of pure methods is possible.

[pt] O presente estudo discutea viabilidade técnica da Implantação da gestão de resíduos sólidos no Estádio Jornalista Mário Filho – Maracanã, através da parceria com catadores de materiais recicláveis, conforme preceitua a Lei 12.305/2010. Através da análise de sua aplicabilidade, foi possível identificar os avanços e retrocessos do processo. Para tanto, tomamos como referência o aumento efetivo da geração de resíduos, que ocorre com o crescimento populacional, urbanização rápida, desenvolvimento tecnológico e melhoria das condições socioeconômicas das populações. A gestão sustentável dos resíduos sólidos se apresenta como um tema que requer reflexões e ações coordenadas em diversos níveis. A presença de megaeventos nas grandes cidades gera como consequência um aumento no consumo de alimentos e bebidas, se sobressaindo o descarte de papel, alumínio, vidro e plástico. Com estes eventos, é comum a presença de catadores nos espaços de turismo e lazer, como nos estádios de futebol. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi qualitativa usando artigos publicados, textos técnicos e documentos oficiais sobre o processo da implementação de ações socioambientais na gestão de resíduos sólidos, permitindo conhecer quais etapas deveriam ser seguidas segundo a legislação. Efetivamos um canal de escuta dos sujeitos envolvidos e utilizamos como instrumentos para a realização da pesquisa a entrevista semiestruturada, especialmente para os catadores e a aplicação de questionários para outra parte do segmento envolvido, objetivando realizar a análise dos dados. Dessa forma, foi possível verificar se efetivamente o processo de gestão integrada de resíduos está ocorrendo ou não, e quais são as possibilidades e limites de sua operacionalização. / [en] This work analyzes the importance of inclusion of waste pickers in the process of integrated management of solid waste in the Estádio Esportivo Jornalista Mario Filho – Maracanã. It describeshow the management of solid waste was applied in the stadium. And with that, analyze the possibilities and limitations of interaction between the involvedparts in this process. Semistructured interviews were conducted with the parts responsible for waste management in the stadium and with the collectors, analyzing the amount of waste generated and the amount that is sent to recycling and landfills, in order to verify the economic viability of the business. Solid waste is increasing because of population growth, rapid urbanization, technological development and improvement in the socioeconomic conditions of the populations. To reduce the generation of solid waste urgent responses that imply changes in existing patterns of production and consumption of modern society are required, as well as the introduction of an integrated management, sustainable, socially just and environmentally efficient. Selective solid waste collection and recycling are practices that contribute to sustainable urban development as well as to human and environmental health. Mega events involve huge means of production and organization, generating an increase in the consumption of food and beverages, highlighting the disposal of paper, aluminum, glass and plastic. In such events it is common the presence of aluminum cans collectors (LIMA and MOTA, 2013). The tourism and leisure spaces such as football stadiums, generate waste by focusing greater consumption and disposal of materials (ABAL, 2009). Given the importance of the major events happening in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the Estádio Jornalista Mario Filho presents large and irregular generation of waste, raising questions concerning the process of implementing environmental actions in the management of solid waste.

This paper presents the study about the Centro Universitário Franciscano´s stories and memories, which can be caught through the analysis of the photographic collection of the institution. The general objective of this work consists on the treatment according to the criteria archival photographic of the Centro Universitário Franciscano, referring to the period between the years 1955 and 1980 with the aim to study and recall the stories and memories of the institution. As specific objectives, are listed the following activities: to do the diagnosis of the acquis and the physical conditions of the images, the lifting of the documentary volume; to do the hygienic process and pack the collection according to the archival criteria and finally to study the histories and institutional memories from the analysis of the photographic selected series. The work is structured as follows: the first chapter discusses conceptual issues about the central themes of work: stories and institutional memories and cultural heritage. The second chapter presents a detailed study of the producer institution of photographic collection and its supporting institution, since its creation in Heythusen the Netherlands, until it s arrive in Brazil and consequently in Santa Maria. Chapter three deals with the haracterization of the photographic collection of the institution, in which activities were developed for the diagnosis and management of the collection, with activities related to hygiene, identification, organization and packaging. The last chapter covers the analysis of the photographic collection, through the use of the methodology proposed by Boris Kossoy for the construction of a photographic narrative, and that consists of the central focus of the work. So, the work is finished with the final considerations of the author and the reference used. / Este trabalho apresenta o estudo acerca das histórias e memórias do Centro Universitário Franciscano, que podem ser interpretadas por meio da análise do acervo fotográfico da instituição. O objetivo geral desse trabalho consiste no tratamento, de acordo com os critérios arquivísticos, do acervo fotográfico do Centro Universitário Franciscano, referente ao período situado entre os anos de 1955 e 1980, com a finalidade de estudar e evocar as histórias e memórias da instituição. Como objetivos específicos, elencaram-se as seguintes atividades: realizar o diagnóstico do acervo e das condições físicas das imagens, com o levantamento do volume documental; higienizar e acondicionar o acervo de acordo com os critérios arquivísticos; verificar a possibilidade de utilização do acervo fotográfico como fonte de pesquisa; e por fim estudar as histórias e memórias institucionais, a partir da análise das séries fotográficas selecionadas. O trabalho encontra-se assim estruturado: o primeiro capítulo aborda questões conceituais acerca dos temas centrais do trabalho: histórias e memórias institucionais e o patrimônio cultural. O segundo capítulo apresenta um estudo aprofundado acerca da instituição produtora do acervo fotográfico e de sua instituição mantenedora, desde sua criação em Heythusen na Holanda, até a sua chegada no Brasil e, consequentemente, na cidade de Santa Maria. O capítulo três aborda a caracterização do acervo fotográfico da instituição, no qual foram desenvolvidas atividades referentes ao diagnóstico e gestão do acervo, com atividades referentes à higienização, identificação, organização e acondicionamento. O último capítulo diz respeito à análise do acervo fotográfico, por meio da utilização da metodologia proposta por Boris Kossoy para a construção de uma narrativa fotográfica, e que consiste no foco central do trabalho. Assim, finaliza-se o trabalho com as considerações finais da autora e o referencial utilizado.

This research sought to analyze, based on the principles of Contemporary Diplomatic, elements and characters that allow to guarantee the authenticity and the organicity in the photographic collections of documentary heritage. For a long time the photographs were treated as documents belonging to special files, as needed to be stored in different places than where the text documents were kept considering its specific support, and received differentiated technical treatment from the other documents. Due to this physical separation, the photographs did not receive a proper archival treatment, becoming mere document accumulated masses, affecting their organic relations and authenticity. Currently, with the facilities provided by the use of digital technologies, the situation of photographic collections can be even more compromised. The photos are produced and disseminated quickly in digital media, and can easily lose its identity, its origin, its organicity and all the information that should remain linked to it, hurting its authenticity this way. The research was conducted under two Federal Institute of Superior Education (UFAM and UFSM), where interviews were conducted with the producers of photos and sent questionnaires to the central archives of the institutions, using e-sic, to understand how to give the archival processing of photographs. This research is characterized as exploratory, from the objective point of view and has qualitative and applied nature approach. The organicity and authenticity nature of the photographs belonging to the archival document heritage are closely linked to the treatment to be given to them throughout their life cycle. Therefore, the analysis and discussion of the results was based on three axes considered fundamental to ensure the authenticity and organicity of the photographic collections of cultural heritage: the maintenance of chain of custody of digital photographs with the use of reliable systems to provide management and the archival management of digital photos; the understanding of the specificity and complexity of digital archival documents, aiming to propose performing procedures to properly handle photographs as digital archival documents; the inclusion of photographs in the document management programs of institutions according to Resolution 41, recently published by CONARQ. It was stated that the control of the production of photographs, the correct storage, preservation of the characteristics of archival documents, the adequacy of the classification plans to contemplate the photos, assigning codes to photos while in production, carrying out elimination procedures based on the evaluation of documents and the execution of all these procedures using archival management information systems that follow the requirements of e-ARQ Brazil avoid the appearance of accumulated document mass and the break-up of sets of documents, ensuring that photographs keep their organic relations, and remain whole and authentic. The achievement of the objective of this research, made possible the formulation of recommendations to ensure the authenticity and the organic in the collections of documentary heritage, focused to photograph production sectors of the institutions and central archives that define policies for these sectors. Please note that this research, a pioneer in its context, must be expanded in order to include all issues related to the chain of custody and management of digital archival documents associated to photography. / Esta pesquisa procurou analisar, com base nos princípios da Diplomática Contemporânea, elementos e caracteres que viabilizem garantir a autenticidade e a organicidade nos acervos fotográficos do patrimônio documental. Por muito tempo as fotografias foram tratadas como documentos pertencentes aos arquivos especiais, já que necessitavam ser armazenadas em ambientes diferenciados dos locais onde eram guardados os documentos textuais, considerando suas especificidades de suporte, e recebiam tratamento técnico diferenciado dos demais documentos. Em decorrência dessa separação física, as fotografias não recebiam tratamento arquivístico adequado, tornando-se meras massas documentais acumuladas, afetando suas relações orgânicas e autenticidade. Atualmente, com as facilidades proporcionadas pelo uso das tecnologias digitais, a situação dos acervos fotográficos pode ficar ainda mais comprometida. As fotografias são produzidas e difundidas rapidamente em meio digital, podendo perder facilmente sua identidade, sua proveniência, sua organicidade e todas as informações que deveriam se manter vinculadas a ela, ferindo sua autenticidade. A pesquisa foi realizada no âmbito de duas Universidades Federais de Ensino Superior IFES (UFAM e UFSM), onde foram feitas entrevistas com os produtores das fotografias e enviados questionários aos arquivos centrais das instituições, via e-sic, visando compreender como se dá o tratamento arquivístico das fotografias. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória, do ponto de vista dos objetivos, possui abordagem qualitativa e natureza aplicada. A organicidade e a autenticidade das fotografias pertencentes ao patrimônio documental arquivístico estão intimamente ligadas ao tratamento que será dado a elas durante toda seu ciclo vital. Diante disso, a análise e discussão dos resultados foi pautada em três eixos considerados basilares para garantir a autenticidade e a organicidade dos acervos fotográficos do patrimônio cultural: a manutenção da cadeia de custódia das fotografias digitais com a utilização de sistemas confiáveis para proceder o gerenciamento e a gestão arquivística das fotografias digitais; a compreensão acerca das especificidade e complexidades dos documentos arquivísticos digitais, visando propor a realização de procedimentos para tratar adequadamente as fotografias como documentos arquivísticos digitais; a inserção das fotografias nos programas de gestão documental das instituições, de acordo com o que preconiza a Resolução 41, publicada recentemente pelo CONARQ. Concluiu-se que o controle da produção das fotografias, o correto armazenamento, a preservação das características dos documentos arquivísticos, a adequação dos planos de classificação visando contemplar as fotografias, a atribuição de códigos à fotografias já na sua produção, a realização de procedimentos de eliminação baseados na avaliação de documentos e a execução de todos esses procedimentos via Sistemas Informatizados de Gestão Arquivística que sigam os requisitos do e-ARQ Brasil evitam o surgimento de massas documentais acumuladas e o desmembramento dos conjuntos documentais, garantindo que as fotografias mantenham suas relações orgânicas, além de se manterem integras e autênticas. O atingimento do objetivo geral desta pesquisa, viabilizou a elaboração das recomendações para garantir a autenticidade e a organicidade nos acervos do patrimônio documental, voltada aos setores produtores de fotografias das instituições e arquivos centrais que emanam políticas para esses setores. Salienta-se que esta pesquisa, pioneira em seu contexto, deverá ser ampliada no sentido de contemplar todos os assuntos referentes à cadeia de custódia e gestão de documentos arquivísticos digitais no que tange a fotografia.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology / Michael W. Sanderson / Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), of which enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are a pathogenic sub-group, are foodborne pathogens of significant public health importance in the United States. STEC belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae commonly found in the large intestine of humans and other warm-blooded animals. EHEC harbors shiga toxin (stx1 and/or stx2) and eae genes which confers the ability to cause human illnesses. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service declared seven STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) as adulterants in ground beef and non-intact beef products to reduce/eliminate the burden of the pathogens in the beef production chain. STEC control efforts in the U.S. include the development of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to identify mitigation strategies that are effective and economical in reducing exposure and reduce occurrence and public health risk from STEC in the beef chain. Collection of accurate and unbiased data is critical for the development of a QMRA that is valid for decision making. Determining the prevalence and concentration of the seven STEC in the different cattle types and seasons is valuable for the development a valid QMRA for STEC in beef production in the U.S. Our systematic review and meta-analysis study of the prevalence and concentration of E. coli O157 along the beef production chain indicated differences in the fecal prevalence of E. coli O157 among cattle types and seasons, revealed decreasing prevalence and concentration of E. coli O157 on cattle hides and carcass surfaces from pre-evisceration to the final chilled carcass stage, and identified study setting, detection method, hide or carcass swab area, and study design as significant sources of heterogeneity among studies reporting prevalence of E. coli O157 along the beef production chain. Bayesian estimation of the diagnostic performance of three laboratory methods (culture, conventional PCR [cPCR], and multiplex quantitative PCR [mqPCR]) used for the detection of the seven STEC in the feces of cattle is necessary to estimate true prevalence of EHEC in cattle. The analysis revealed highest sensitivity of mqPCR, followed by cPCR, and culture for the detection of E. coli O157; the cPCR and mqPCR had comparable specificity, but specificity of mqPCR method was heavily dependent on prior specification. The mqPCR method was the most sensitive for the detection O26, O45, and O103 serogroups. The cPCR method was more sensitive than the culture method for serogroups O26, and O121, but comparable for serogroups O45, O103, O111, and O145. The cPCR method showed higher specificity than mqPCR within serogroups O45, O121, and O145 but no apparent differences within serogroups O26, O103, and O111. A second order quantitative microbial risk assessment was developed to quantify the prevalence and concentration of the seven STEC on pre-evisceration beef carcasses and evaluate the impact of peri-harvest interventions. Simulation scenarios of current industry peri-harvest intervention practices showed variable effectiveness in reducing STEC contamination on pre-evisceration beef carcass, however, a scenario of increased adoption of peri-harvest interventions was more effective at reducing STEC contamination. Fecal-to-hide transfer and hide-to-carcass transfer had a large effect on prevalence and concentration of STEC on pre-evisceration carcasses.

This paper considers a real world waste collection problem in which glass, metal, plastics, or paper is brought to certain waste collection points by the citizens of a certain region. The collection of this waste from the collection points is therefore a node routing problem. The waste is delivered to special sites, so called intermediate facilities (IF), that are typically not identical with the vehicle depot. Since most waste collection points need not be visited every day, a planning period of several days has to be considered. In this context three related planning problems are considered. First, the periodic vehicle routing problem with intermediate facilities (PVRP-IF) is considered and an exact problem formulation is proposed. A set of benchmark instances is developed and an efficient hybrid solution method based on variable neighborhood search and dynamic programming is presented. Second, in a real world application the PVRP-IF is modified by permitting the return of partly loaded vehicles to the depots and by considering capacity limits at the IF. An average improvement of 25% in the routing cost is obtained compared to the current solution. Finally, a different but related problem, the so called multi-depot vehicle routing problem with inter-depot routes (MDVRPI) is considered. In this problem class just a single day is considered and the depots can act as an intermediate facility only at the end of a tour. For this problem several instances and benchmark solutions are available. It is shown that the algorithm outperforms all previously published metaheuristics for this problem class and finds the best solutions for all available benchmark instances.

This dissertation investigates the idea of creating an engaging public place by introducing productive activity in a dormant area of Mamelodi where the effects of Pendulum migration and waste accumulation have caused public spaces to become inaccessible and functional only as spaces of departure. The site selection will involve looking for a space with a highly layered construct that captures the essence of what Mamelodi has become overtime. This proposed programme will aid in the investigation of testing whether a dormant space has the potential to inspire transformation and change in the social and public realm of this informal settlement. Through the theoretical premise of Place Making, the investigation will focus on whether social spaces, activity generators, existing contexts and past events could be layered to create a functional public place. The hierarchy and transition of spaces from one to another could allow one to understand the process of change on site, as well as the process of change in terms of waste material that is reused and transformed into something useful. This thesis document explores the idea of a building as a threshold and solvent of different spaces that would normally be split from each other. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

M.Ing. / The dissertation covers the establishment of a project from the point of view of a project manager. The document refers to examples where possible to illustrate the actual process through which a project goes during the life-cycle of the project. The first chapter provides an introduction to the context of the project and informs the reader of the type of project which the dissertation discusses. An overview of SCAD A (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems is discussed followed by field hardware to highlight the environment of typical engineering projects in the automation industry. An introduction to project management is discussed to set the context of the dissertation in motion. The second chapter covers the relevant theoretical stages of a project starting from the early stages of defining the project scope through to the project closure. Each of the stages in the project are dissected and considered within the context of a typical SCAD A oriented project. The third chapter is a case study of the "Jwaneng SCADA Project," which is the name assigned to the project from this point onwards. The project illustrates a typical project which an engineering project manager will manage. The project covers the details of the work involved in the project by passing through all the stages involved in an engineering project. Each stage of the project is illustrated by making reference to appendices containing project specific documents. The project is considered from the point of the original development of the project plan through to the completion of the project. This involves extensive controlling and ensuring that the project is running smoothly. These basic principles are illustrated in the document and aim to inform the reader on the successful dissection and implementation of a proper engineering project plan from start to finish.